Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira

Equivalência semântica e avaliação da consistência interna da versão em português do Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3)

This study aimed to describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) into Brazilian Portuguese. The methodology involved the following stages: (1) translation of the questionnaire into Portuguese; (2) back-translation into English; (3) meeting with experts to prepare a draft version; (4) assessment of verbal understanding of the draft by experts and by a sample of the target population; and (5) analysis of the tools internal consistency, using Cronbachs alpha. The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese, and the scales final version included 30 items, as in the original. Both the experts and target population members assessed all the items as easy to understand. Internal consistency was satisfactory, reaching 0.91 for the scale as a whole. The questionnaire has now been translated and adapted into Portuguese, with evidence of clear understanding and internal consistency. However, it is still necessary to assess its measurement equivalence, external validity, and reproducibility.

Comparação da insatisfação corporal e do comportamento alimentar inadequado em atletas adolescentes de diferentes modalidades esportivas

A insatisfacao corporal (IC) e considerada sintoma de primeira ordem no desencadeamento dos transtornos alimentares (TAs). O ambiente atletico tem fatores peculiares que parecem potencializar o risco do surgimento de TAs nos atletas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a IC e o comportamento alimentar inadequado (CAI) entre atletas adolescentes de diversas modalidades esportivas e diferentes niveis competitivos, utilizando o indice de massa corporal (IMC), o percentual de gordura e a idade como covariaveis. A amostra do estudo foi constituida por 580 atletas de diversas modalidades, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se o BSQ e o EAT-26 para mensurar a IC e o CAI, respectivamente. Peso e estatura foram aferidos para calcular-se o IMC. A gordura relativa foi estimada aferindo-se as dobras cutâneas triciptal e subescapular. Foi conduzida analise univariada de covariância (ANCOVA) para comparar IC e CAI entre niveis competitivos e modalidades esportivas, segundo sexo. Em relacao aos resultados, dois aspectos merecem destaque. O primeiro e que identificou-se diferenca de IC entre basquetebolistas e handebolistas do sexo masculino (p < 0,05). Ja o segundo ponto a ser destacado, e a diferenca encontrada de CAI entre voleibolistas e atletas de nado sincronizado do sexo feminino (p < 0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo permitem concluir que o padrao alimentar de esportistas adolescentes, praticantes de modalidades com caracteristicas distintas, foi semelhante, havendo diferencas em poucas modalidades esportivas.

Insatisfação corporal em universitários de diferentes áreas de conhecimento

OBJECTIVES: To check the prevalence of body dissatisfaction in college students of different majors, as well as the relationship with gender and nutritional status. METHODS: The sample was composed of college students from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) of several different majors. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Silhouette Scale for Adults assessed body dissatisfaction. Self-referred body mass and height were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). For the statistical analysis, association, comparison, and logistic regression tests were performed. RESULTS: Among the 535 students, with average age of 20.82 ± 3.03 years old, 245 were male. The BSQ average score was 68.00 ± 28.74, being 88.9% of the subjects free from dissatisfaction. Nevertheless, according to the silhouette scale, 76.6% were found to be dissatisfied. The students of Life Sciences and Humanities were, insignificantly, more dissatisfied than the Exact Sciences students. Women, when compared to men (p < 0.05) and those overweight/obese (OR: 3.174; p = 0.000) had the highest score in the body dissatisfaction rating. CONCLUSION: Most young people were found to be free from body dissatisfaction, and no correlation to their area of studies was found. However, the college girls with the highest BMIs were found to be the most dissatisfied with their body image.

Insatisfação corporal em adolescentes brasileiros de municípios de pequeno porte de Minas Gerais

objective. To analyze the prevalence of body dissatisfaction and its correlations with age, sex and the nutritional status of teenagers. Methods : The sample consisted of high school students in cities with up to five thousand inhabitants in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Escala Evaluacion de Insatisfacion Corporal para Adolescentes (EEICA) were instruments used to assess the adolescents’ body dissatisfaction. The age, sex, weight and height to calculate body mass index was also collected in schools. For statistical analyses the variance test and correspondence analysis were used. results: Out of 413 participants, 49.2% and 50.8% were in the intermediate and final phases of adolescence, respectively. Of this total, 178 were boys and 235 were girls and, most (71.9%) eutrophic. The BSQ score mean was 66.78 ± 29.63 and 26.4% had some level of body dissatisfaction; the EEICA average score for body dissatisfaction was 17.96 ± 11.7. The single and multiple correspondence analyses have shown that

Eating behaviours in youths: A comparison between female and male athletes and non‐athletes

This study compared the different factors associated with eating behaviors among young female and male athletes and non‐athletes. A total of 580 female and male athletes and 362 female and male non‐athletes between 10 and 19 years old participated. We used the subscales of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26) to evaluate the factors associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. We found higher scores for females on the diet subscale compared with males, regardless of athletic group (P < 0.05). Non‐athlete youths scored higher on this subscale compared with male athletes (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate higher scores for female athletes with regard to the bulimia and preoccupation with food subscale compared with other the groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that non‐athlete males were more likely to engage in binge eating compared with athletes of the same sex (P < 0.05). Finally, females had higher scores on the oral self subscale than males, regardless of athletic group (P < 0.05). We concluded that the factors associated with eating behaviors differ with regard to sex and group.

Insatisfação corporal de adolescentes atletas e não atletas

The objective of this study was to compare body dissatisfaction among adolescents athletes and non-athletes. We evaluated 58 athletes and 61 non-athletes sex male, mean age 15 ± 2,12 and 16 ± 1,67 years, respectively. We applied the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to measure the dissatisfaction body. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body mass (kg) divided by height (m) squared (BMI = body mass/height²). We used the SPSS 17.0 software for data analysis through descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson chi-square and ANCOVA. The results showed differences in BSQ scores and prevalence of body dissatisfaction among groups of athletes and non-athletes (p < 0.05). It was concluded that adolescent non-athletes are more dissatisfied with weight and body appearance, and have a higher prevalence of this phenomenon compared to athletes in soccer and swimming males.

Processo maturacional, insatisfação corporal e comportamento alimentar inadequado em jovens atletas

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between maturation process, body dissatisfaction and inappropriate eating behavior in young athletes according to gender. METHODS: Five-hundred eighty individuals of both genders practicing different sports were surveyed. Sexual maturation, somatic maturation, body dissatisfaction and inappropriate eating behavior were assessed by the Tanner, stock Lohman, Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitudes Test, respectively. Percentage of fat was estimated by skinfold thickness and weight and height were measured for calculating the body mass index. Statistical treatment included univariate analysis of covariance, binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The results demonstrated statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in body dissatisfaction among maturation stages. In addition, prepubescent and pubescent boys were more likely to be dissatisfied compared with postpubescent athletes (p<0.05). Furthermore, the logistic regression model showed an association between inappropriate eating behavior maturation stages only in males (p<0.05). In females, the maturation process explained in 9% and 7% of the sample, respectively, the variation in body dissatisfaction (p<0.05) and inappropriate eating behavior (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Biological maturation was associated with inappropriate eating behavior only in young male athletes.

Body image in Brazil: recent advances in the state of knowledge and methodological issues

OBJECTIVE To analyze Brazilian literature on body image and the theoretical and methodological advances that have been made. METHODS A detailed review was undertaken of the Brazilian literature on body image, selecting published articles, dissertations and theses from the SciELO, SCOPUS, LILACS and PubMed databases and the CAPES thesis database. Google Scholar was also used. There was no start date for the search, which used the following search terms: “body image” AND “Brazil” AND “scale(s)”; “body image” AND “Brazil” AND “questionnaire(s)”; “body image” AND “Brazil” AND “instrument(s)”; “body image” limited to Brazil and “body image”. RESULTS The majority of measures available were intended to be used in college students, with half of them evaluating satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the body. Females and adolescents of both sexes were the most studied population. There has been a significant increase in the number of available instruments. Nevertheless, numerous published studies have used non-validated instruments, with much confusion in the use of the appropriate terms (e.g., perception, dissatisfaction, distortion). CONCLUSIONS Much more is needed to understand body image within the Brazilian population, especially in terms of evaluating different age groups and diversifying the components/dimensions assessed. However, interest in this theme is increasing, and important steps have been taken in a short space of time.

Fatores associados ao comportamento alimentar inadequado em adolescentes escolares

CONTEXTO: Evidencias demonstram que a prevalencia do comportamento alimentar inadequado (CAI) entre jovens tem aumentado nos ultimos anos. Parece que a insatisfacao corporal (IC), a pratica excessiva de exercicio fisico, a composicao corporal, o nivel economico (NE), alem da etnia, podem ser fatores de risco para o CAI. OBJETIVO: Associar IC, grau de comprometimento psicologico ao exercicio (GCPE), adiposidade corporal (AC), estado nutricional (EN), NE e etnia ao CAI em adolescentes. METODOS: Participaram 362 jovens de ambos os sexos com idades entre 10 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se o Eating Attitudes Test para avaliar o CAI. O Body Shape Questionnaire e a Commitment Exercise Scale foram utilizados para mensurar IC e GCPE, respectivamente. Aferiram-se dobras cutâneas para classificar a AC segundo sexo. Peso e estatura foram aferidos para calcular-se o indice de massa corporal (IMC) e classificar o EN. O NE foi avaliado pelo Criterio de Classificacao Economica Brasil. Aplicou-se questionario que buscava avaliar etnia, idade e sexo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram associacao do CAI com IC, GCPE e NE no sexo feminino (p < 0,05). Ja entre os meninos, IC, AC e EN estiveram associados ao CAI (p < 0,05). CONCLUSAO: Concluiu-se que IC foi a principal preditora de riscos para o CAI.

A socio-sports model of disordered eating among Brazilian male athletes

The objective of this study was to develop a socio-sports model of disordered eating (DE) in Brazilian male athletes. Three hundred and twenty one athletes over 12 years of age from 18 different sports modalities were investigated. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was applied to evaluate DE. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to evaluate athlete dissatisfaction with body fat levels. The Muscularity Concern subscale of the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) was used to evaluate athlete dissatisfaction with muscularity levels. To investigate the influence of sociocultural factors on body image, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) was applied. Body fat was estimated by skinfold measurement. Demographic data were collected (competitive level and training regimen). Structural equation modelling was conducted to analyse the relationships between research variables and the factors that mediate them. The results indicated that the sociocultural factors and body fat dissatisfaction adhered to socio-sports model of DE (X(2) = 18.50, p = .001, RMSEA = .069, GFI = .97, AGFI = .91, TLI = .93). The BSQ accurately predicted the relationship between SATAQ-3 and EAT-26 (R(2) = .08, p = 0.001) scores. A direct relationship between the SATAQ-3 and EAT-26 (R(2) = .07, p = 0.01) and BSQ (R(2) = .10, p = 0.001) scores was identified. No relationship was found between structural equation model and Muscularity Concern (R(2) = .02, p = 0.14), competitive level (R(2) = .01, p = 0.19), training regimen (R(2) = .03, p = 0.11) or body fat (R(2) = .02, p = 0.14). The results suggest that sociocultural factors and body fat dissatisfaction follow the socio-sports model of DE in Brazilian male athletes.