Santiago Tavares Paes

Metabolic effects of exercise on childhood obesity: a current view

OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature concerning the effects of physical exercise on several metabolic variables related to childhood obesity. DATA SOURCE: A search was performed in Pubmed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. The keywords used were as follows: Obesity, Children Obesity, Childhood Obesity, Exercise and Physical Activity. The online search was based on studies published in English, from April 2010 to December 2013. DATA SYNTHESIS: Search queries returned 88,393 studies based on the aforementioned keywords; 4,561 studies were selected by crossing chosen keywords. After applying inclusion criteria, four studies were selected from 182 eligible titles. Most studies found that aerobic and resistance training improves body composition, lipid profile and metabolic and inflammatory status of obese children and adolescents; however, the magnitude of these effects is associated with the type, intensity and duration of practice. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the type, physical exercise promotes positive adaptations to childhood obesity, mainly acting to restore cellular and cardiovascular homeostasis, to improve body composition, and to activate metabolism; therefore, physical exercise acts as a co-factor in fighting obesity.

A autoestima afeta a insatisfação corporal em adolescentes do sexo feminino

Objective: To evaluate the influence of self-esteem on levels of body dissatisfaction among adolescent females. Methods: A group of 397 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years were enrolled in the study. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was applied to assess body dissatisfaction. The Rosenberg

Altered behavior of adult obese rats by monosodium l-glutamate neonatal treatment is related to hypercorticosteronemia and activation of hypothalamic ERK1 and ERK2

Objectives: Obesity is a metabolic and hormonal disorder with serious social and psychological impacts. There is a close relationship among obesity, neuroendocrine homeostasis and behavioral patterns. However, few data are available in the literature regarding this subject. This study assessed behavior and memory of adult obese rats by monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) neonatal treatment or highly palatable dietary treatment. Methods: MSG obesity was induced by subcutaneous injections of MSG (4 mg/g) during the first 5 days of life (Ob-MSG); control group (C-MSG), received saline solution equimolar. Both groups were fed with commercial chow. To induce dietary obesity, 21-day-old rats were assigned to two experimental diets: highly palatable diet (Ob-Diet) and control diet (C-Diet) composed of commercial chow. Ninety-day-old animals were submitted to behavioral assessment by the open-field test and short- and long-term memory by the object recognition test. Biometric variables were obtained, the Lee index was calculated and mass of retroperitoneal and perigonadal fat pads was measured. Furthermore, an altered behavioral profile was investigated by quantification of plasmatic corticosterone, expression, and activity of hypothalamic extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein (ERK) 1 and 2. Results: Increased Lee index and fat pads were observed in Ob-MSG and Ob-Diet groups. Ob-MSG presented a higher level of anxiety and impaired long-term memory compared to C-MSG, while there was no difference between Ob-Diet and C-Diet. The Ob-MSG group presented a higher level of plasmatic corticosterone and increased phosphorylation of hypothalamic ERK1 and 2. Discussion: Both treatments induced obesity but only Ob-MSG showed altered behavioral parameters, which is related to increased concentration of corticosterone and hypothalamic ERK1 and 2 activation.

Fatores de risco associados ao comportamento alimentar inadequado em futebolistas

O comportamento alimentar inadequado (CAI) parece estar associado a diversos fatores. No entanto, a populacao de atletas, principalmente do sexo masculino, e carente de investigacoes deste tipo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar fatores de risco para o CAI em jovens futebolistas. Foram avaliados 271 futebolistas de Juiz de Fora/MG. Avaliou-se o CAI mediante aplicacao do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). A insatisfacao corporal foi verificada por intermedio do Body Shape Questionnaire. Aferiu-se massa corporal e estatura para calcular-se o indice de massa corporal, alem de dobras cutâneas com o proposito de estimar a adiposidade corporal. Conduziu-se regressao logistica binaria para avaliar riscos sobre o CAI, incutindo nivel de significância de 5%. Observou-se que somente a insatisfacao corporal manteve-se associada ao CAI, tanto no modelo simples, quanto no ajustado para todas as variaveis (p < 0,05). Concluiu-se que a insatisfacao corporal apresentou riscos para a manifestacao do CAI.

Childhood obesity: a (re) programming disease?

The aim of our article was to review the current literature on the effects of metabolic (re) programming on childhood obesity. PubMed/MEDLINE was the data source used to track the studies. Descriptors applied: children obesity, epigenetic, metabolic programming, exercise and nutrition. The focus was to analyze and discuss the international findings on the theme. The gathering of the papers was performed between June and August 2014. The search of articles with the descriptors used found 33.054 studies. In all, 5.709 studies were selected by crossing chosen keywords. Among these, after careful reading of the titles, 712 papers were considered potential as references. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 50 studies were selected from 132 eligible abstracts. Most studies linked the development and treatment of obesity from epigenetically stimulated metabolic programming during the early stages of pregnancy and life. This review provides theoretical basis to the understanding that the programmed development of childhood obesity may be linked to early exposure to environmental factors, such as (nutrition and regular practice of exercise) and stimulus can epigenetically alter the modulation of the obesogenic metabolic behavior during pregnancy and the developmental stages of children and/or postpone the pathophysiologic disease stage to adulthood.

Relação entre o estado de humor e os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os transtornos alimentares em adolescentes

Objetivo Analisar a relacao entre o estado de humor e os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os transtornos alimentares (TA) em adolescentes do sexo feminino. Metodos Participaram 397 adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 17 anos. Utilizaram-se as subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para avaliar os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os TA. Utilizou-se a Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS) para avaliar o estado humor negativo (ansiedade, tensao, depressao, confusao mental, raiva e fadiga). Conduziram-se a Regressao Logistica Binaria e a Analise Multivariada de Covariância para analisar os dados. Resultados Evidenciou-se associacao estatisticamente significativa entre o estado de humor negativo e os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os TA (X2 = 25,71; Wald = 31,92; p = 0,001). Identificou-se diferenca de escore na subescala Dieta entre as adolescentes com alto e baixo estado de humor negativo [F (1, 396) = 13,40; p = 0,04], fato que nao foi encontrado para as subescalas Bulimia e Preocupacao com Alimentos [F (1, 396) = 1,69; p = 0,09] e Autocontrole Oral [F (1, 396) = 0,95; p = 0,17]. Conclusao Os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os TA estiveram relacionados ao estado de humor negativo.

Original ArticleDoes self-esteem affect body dissatisfaction levels in female adolescents?* A autoestima afeta a insatisfação corporal em adolescentes do sexo feminino?

Objective To evaluate the influence of self-esteem on levels of body dissatisfaction among adolescent females.Objective To evaluate the influence of self-esteem on levels of body dissatisfaction among adolescent females.

Esthetic plastic surgery and (in) satisfaction index: a current view

The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of studies related to esthetic plastic surgery. Thus, studies conducted on this topic were searched. The searches were performed on the Scopus, PubMed, and Medline databases. The following keywords were used: “cosmetic surgery,” “body dysmorphic disorder,” and “eating disorders.” The data were summarized in three topics: “profile of patients and motivational aspects,” “plastic surgery and body dysmorphic disorder,” and “plastic surgery and eating disorders.” We conclude that the main reason for undergoing esthetic plastic surgery is dissatisfaction with the body . In addition, body dysmorphic disorder has a high prevalence in these individuals. Moreover, even after the completion of the surgery, these individuals are still dissatisfied with their bodies . The most common plastic surgeries among patients with eating disorders are silicone breast implantation and liposuction of the abdomen. From the literature review, we can perceive the need for health care professionals to have access to information regarding this group of individuals. ■ ABSTRACT

BUSCA PELA MUSCULARIDADE, HUMOR E TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES EM ATLETAS DO SEXO MASCULINO

Introduction: It seems that the pursuit for muscularity may be related to eating disorders (ED) in male athletes. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies on this topic. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of pursuit for muscularity and mood state with eating disorders in this population. Methods: The study included 112 athletes from various sporting modalities from federations of Southeastern Brazil. We used the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DFM) and the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) to evaluate, respectively, the eating behaviors with risk of ED, the pursuit for muscularity and the mood state. Results: The findings of the hierarchical regression models did not show a relationship between the pursuit for muscularity (p>0.05) and mood state (p>0.05) with disordered eating. However, the results indicated a difference in the pursuit for muscularity according to the EAT-26 classifications (p 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that both the mood state and the pursuit for muscularity were not related to the eating disorders in male athletes.

Comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares e traços perfeccionistas em atletas de atletismo

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influencia do perfeccionismo nos comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares de atletas adolescentes do sexo feminino da modalidade atletismo. Fizeram parte do estudo 52 atletas da modalidade de atletismo de clubes da cidade de Sao Paulo/SP com idade entre 12 e 17 anos. Utilizaram-se as subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) e a Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) para avaliar os comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares e os tracos perfeccionistas, respectivamente. Conduziu-se a regressao linear multipla stepwise para analisar a influencia dos perfeccionismo nos comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares. Os resultados indicaram influencia da MPS nos escores das subescalas Dieta (F(1, 44) = 5,74; p = 0,05) e Autocontrole Oral (F(1, 44) = 6,13; p = 0,04) do EAT-26. No entanto, nao foi evidenciado impacto da MPS nos escores da subescala Bulimia e Preocupacao com 0 Alimenta (F(1, 44) = 1,26; p = 0,22). Assim, em razao da investigacao apresentar delineamento transversal, pressupoe-se que as atletas de atletismo com tracos perfeccionistas podem estar mais susceptiveis para a restricao alimentar e a influencia ambiental para a ingesta alimentar.