Maria Aparecida Conti

A study of the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) among adolescents

OBJECTIVES: to produce evidence of the validity and reliability of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) - a tool for measuring an individuals attitude towards his or her body image. METHODS: the study covered 386 young people of both sexes aged between 10 and 18 from a private school and used self-applied questionnaires and anthropometric evaluation. It evaluated the internal consistency, the discriminant validity for differences from the means, according to nutritional status (underweight, eutrophic, overweight and obese), the concurrent validity by way of Spearmans correlation coefficient between the scale and the Body Mass Index (BMI), the waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference (WC). Reliability was tested using Wilcoxons Test, the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman figures. RESULTS: the BSQ displayed good internal consistency (±=0.96) and was capable of discriminating among the total population, boys and girls, according to nutritional status (p<0.001). It correlated with the BMI (r=0.41; p<0.001), WHR (r=-0.10; p=0.043) and WC (r=0.24; p<0.001) and its reliability was confirmed by intraclass correlation (r=0.91; p<0.001) for the total population. The questionnaire was easy to understand and could be completed quickly. CONCLUSIONS: the BSQ presented good results, thereby providing evidence of its validity and reliability. It is therefore recommended for evaluation of body image attitudes among adolescents.OBJETIVOS: verificar evidencia de validade e confiabilidade do Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) - instrumento que mensura o aspecto atitudinal da imagem corporal. METODOS: PArticiparam 386 jovens, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etaria de 10-18 anos de uma escola particular de ensino, por meio de questionarios auto-aplicaveis e avaliacao antropometrica. Avaliou-se a consistencia interna, a validade discriminante pelas diferencas das medias, segundo estado nutricional (baixo peso, eutrofico, sobrepeso e obesidade), a validade concorrente por meio do coeficiente de correlacao de Spearman entre a escala e o Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC), a razao circunferencia quadril (RCQ) e a circunferencia da cintura (CC). Para confiabilidade, utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon, o coeficiente de correlacao intraclasse e as Figuras de Bland-Altman. RESULTADOS: o BSQ apresentou boa consistencia interna (±=0,96) e foi capaz de discriminar populacao total, meninos e meninas, segundo estado nutricional (p<0,001). Correlacionou-se com o IMC (r=0,41; p<0,001), RCQ (r=-0,10; p=0,043) e CC (r=0,24; p<0,001) e confirmou sua confiabilidade por meio da correlacao intra-classe (r=0,91; p<0,001) para populacao total. Registrou-se boa compreensao e tempo de finalizacao. CONCLUSOES: O BSQ apresentou bons resultados confirmando as evidencias de validade e confiabilidade, sendo recomendado para avaliacao do aspecto atitudinal da imagem corporal para adolescentes.

Excesso de peso e insatisfação corporal em adolescentes

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between overweight/obesity and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in a private school in Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: For the assessment of overweight/obesity, the body mass index for age and gender was used and for the body dissatisfaction evaluation, the body parts satisfaction scale was applied. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-seven adolescents were studied (35.40% males and 64.60% females). It was shown that 44.23% of the males and 18.93% of the females were overweight/obese, 1.92% of the males and 3.16% of the females were underweight and the others were normal. A statistically significant association between body dissatisfaction and overweight/obesity was found for the stomach, waist and body weight in boys and the hair, buttocks, hips, thighs, legs, stomach, shoulder/back, muscle strength, body weight and overall appearance in girls. CONCLUSION: Girls who were overweight/obese were more dissatisfied with a greater number of body areas than boys. It was recommended that middle and fundamental level schools develop prophylactic activities aimed at stimulating consciousness of personal and social perception in the adolescent and of the pressures to which he is submitted.Participaram do estudo 147 adolescentes, sendo 35,40% do sexo masculino e 64,60% do sexo feminino.Verificou-se que 44,23% dos meninos e 18,93% das meninas apresentaram excesso de peso; 1,92% dosmeninos e 3,16% das meninas, magreza, e os demais (53,85% dos meninos e 58,98% das meninas)apresentaram estado nutricional normal. Constatou-se associacao estatisticamente significante entre excessode peso e insatisfacao para as areas do estomago, cintura e peso corporal nos meninos e para as areas docabelo, nadegas, quadril, coxas, pernas, estomago, ombros/costas, tonus muscular, peso e aparencia geralpara as meninas.

Adaptação transcultural: tradução e validação de conteúdo da versão brasileira do Commitment Exercise Scale

CONTEXTO: O Commitment Exercise Scale (CES) avalia o comprometimento, o comportamento e a atitude de pacientes com transtornos alimentares em relacao ao exercicio fisico. OBJETIVO: Traducao e adaptacao transcultural do CES para o idioma portugues (BRA), validacao de conteudo e analise da consistencia interna. METODOS: Envolveu cinco etapas: (1) traducao; (2) retraducao; (3) revisao tecnica e avaliacao semântica; (4) validacao de conteudo por profissionais da area - juizes; (5) avaliacao do instrumento por uma amostra de estudantes, por meio da avaliacao do grau de compreensao e analise da consistencia interna do instrumento pelo coeficiente a de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: A escala foi traduzida e adaptada, sendo considerada de facil compreensao (grau de compreensao de 4,3 a 4,9), e demonstrou valores do coeficiente aceitaveis (a de Cronbach: 0,60 a 0,79). CONCLUSAO: A partir do processo de adaptacao transcultural, os resultados satisfatorios possibilitam a recomendacao da versao brasileira do CES. Sao necessarias analises de validacao de construto, fatorial e de reprodutibilidade.

Equivalência semântica e avaliação da consistência interna da versão em português do Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3)

This study aimed to describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) into Brazilian Portuguese. The methodology involved the following stages: (1) translation of the questionnaire into Portuguese; (2) back-translation into English; (3) meeting with experts to prepare a draft version; (4) assessment of verbal understanding of the draft by experts and by a sample of the target population; and (5) analysis of the tools internal consistency, using Cronbachs alpha. The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese, and the scales final version included 30 items, as in the original. Both the experts and target population members assessed all the items as easy to understand. Internal consistency was satisfactory, reaching 0.91 for the scale as a whole. The questionnaire has now been translated and adapted into Portuguese, with evidence of clear understanding and internal consistency. However, it is still necessary to assess its measurement equivalence, external validity, and reproducibility.

Insatisfação corporal em adolescentes brasileiros de municípios de pequeno porte de Minas Gerais

objective. To analyze the prevalence of body dissatisfaction and its correlations with age, sex and the nutritional status of teenagers. Methods : The sample consisted of high school students in cities with up to five thousand inhabitants in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Escala Evaluacion de Insatisfacion Corporal para Adolescentes (EEICA) were instruments used to assess the adolescents’ body dissatisfaction. The age, sex, weight and height to calculate body mass index was also collected in schools. For statistical analyses the variance test and correspondence analysis were used. results: Out of 413 participants, 49.2% and 50.8% were in the intermediate and final phases of adolescence, respectively. Of this total, 178 were boys and 235 were girls and, most (71.9%) eutrophic. The BSQ score mean was 66.78 ± 29.63 and 26.4% had some level of body dissatisfaction; the EEICA average score for body dissatisfaction was 17.96 ± 11.7. The single and multiple correspondence analyses have shown that

A alimentação saudável na ótica dos adolescentes: percepções e barreiras à sua implementação e características esperadas em materiais educativos

The aim of this study was to evaluate perceptions, barriers, and characteristics of teaching materials to promote healthy eating, as described by teenagers. Four focus groups were conducted with 25 adolescents, including questions on: perceptions regarding diet and motivations to change; concepts of (and barriers to) healthy eating; and characteristics needed for teaching materials to promote healthy eating. The teens were often undecided when attempting to classify a diet as healthy. They generally reported feeling insecure about making dietary changes, but showed adequate notions of healthy eating. The main barriers involved personal and social characteristics: temptation, food flavors, parental influence, and lack of time and options for healthy snacks at school. According to these teenagers, educational materials for promotion of healthy eating should emphasize the immediate benefits and emphasize high-impact messages on the health risks of unhealthy diet.

Avaliação da equivalência semântica e consistência interna de uma versão em português do Internet Addiction Test (IAT)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to the Portuguese language. METHODS: The translation and evaluation process consisted of five steps: (1) translation; (2) back-translation; (3) peer review and evaluation of semantic equivalency by experts; (4) instrument evaluation through a sample of students, by evaluating their understanding level; and (5) analysis of the instruments internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha-coefficient). RESULTS: The instrument was translated and adapted to Portuguese. As shown, the Portuguese version of the IAT was easily understood and the internal consistency value was 0.85. DISCUSSION: The translated and adapted IAT displays a satisfactory internal consistency. In a further step, measurement and reproducibility analyses have to be conducted.

Estudo de validação e reprodutibilidade de uma escala de silhueta para adolescentes

O objetivo deste estudo foi validar e confirmar a reprodutibilidade de uma escala de silhueta para adolescentes. Para tanto, pesquisou-se 386 jovens de uma Escola Particular de Ensino. Desenvolveram-se analises de validacao de construto e reprodutibilidade. O instrumento foi capaz de discriminar os quatro grupos segundo estado nutricional (α2=30,5, p<0,001; α2=19,3, p<0,001), correlacionou-se com as tres medidas (IMC, RCQ e CC) pesquisadas (r=-0,61, p<0,001, r=-0,49, p<0,001, r=-0,54, p<0,001; r=-0,52, p<0,001, r=-0,23, p=0,001, r=-0,42, p<0,001) e confirmou a reprodutibilidade por meio da correlacao intra-classe (ricc=0,86, p<0,001; ricc=0,80, p<0,001) para meninos e meninas, respectivamente. Na comparacao das medias dos escores da escala (teste-reteste) confirmou-se a reprodutibilidade somente para o grupo dos meninos (p=0,86). O instrumento apresentou boa compreensao verbal e bom tempo de conclusao. Conclui-se que a escala de silhueta demonstrou bons resultados nas analises de validacao e de reprodutibilidade.The aim of this study was to validate and verify the reliability of one contour rating scale. Therefore, were searched 386 teenagers of a private school. It was developed validity construct of analyses and reproducibility. The instrument was evaluated for construct analyses and reproducibility. The instrument was able to discriminate the four actual weight groups (α=30,5, p<0,001; α=19,3, p<0,001), correlated with the other three measures (IMC, RCQ e CC) researched (r=-0,61, p<0,001, r=-0,49, p<0,001, r=-0,54, p<0,001; r=-0,52, p<0,001, r=-0,23, p=0,001, r=-0,42, p<0,001) and confirmed its reliability by the coefficient of the interclass correlation (ricc=0,86, p<0,001; ricc=0,80, p<0,001) for boys and girls, respectively. In the comparison of means of the score scales (test-retest) were confirmed the reliability only for boys (p=0,86). The instrument performed well regarding verbal comprehension and time of completion. It was concluded that the contour rating scale presented goods results in the analysis of validity and reliability.

Tradução, adaptação transcultural para o português (Brasil) e validação de conteúdo da Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS)

CONTEXTO: A Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS) avalia cognicoes relacionadas a checagem do peso, comportamento comum e de importância clinica em pacientes com transtornos alimentares (TA). OBJETIVO: Traducao, adaptacao transcultural da BCCS para o idioma portugues, validacao de conteudo e analise da consistencia interna. METODOS: Envolveu cinco etapas: (1) traducao; (2) retrotraducao; (3) revisao tecnica e avaliacao das equivalencias semântica e conceitual (4) validacao de conteudo por profissionais da area - juizes; (5) avaliacao do instrumento por uma amostra de estudantes do sexo feminino. RESULTADOS: O instrumento foi traduzido e adaptado para o idioma portugues. Foram realizadas algumas adaptacoes de palavras, expressoes e conjugacao verbal. Demonstrou ser de facil compreensao (valores medios superiores a 4,22 - valor maximo 5,0) e excelente concordância (alfa de Cronbach: 0,80 a 0,95). Os construtos verificacao objetiva, seguranca sobre o corpo, consequencias de nao checar e controle da dieta e do peso foram identificados pelos especialistas, e o nivel de concordância correspondeu a 48,6%. CONCLUSAO: A escala encontra-se traduzida e adaptada para o idioma portugues, demonstrando resultados satisfatorios no processo de traducao, adaptacao transcultural e analise de consistencia interna. Sao necessarias ainda analises de validade externa, equivalencia de mensuracao e reprodutibilidade.

Insatisfação corporal em adolescentes: uma investigação longitudinal

CONTEXTO: Evidencias demonstram que a prevalencia de insatisfacao corporal entre jovens tem aumentado nos ultimos anos. Parece que o periodo da adolescencia e o principal precursor para esse aumento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a insatisfacao corporal em adolescentes ao longo de um ano. METODOS: A investigacao foi desenvolvida em tres momentos (T1, T2 e T3). Participaram 358 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 11 e 14 anos. Utilizou-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), e peso e estatura foram mensurados para o calculo do indice de massa corporal (IMC). RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de insatisfacao corporal diferiu entre os sexos, com aumento gradativo em meninas e diminuicao em meninos em funcao do tempo (T1, T2 e T3) (p < 0,05). Ademais, os escores diferiram segundo T1, T2 e T3. No sexo feminino, em T3, as meninas depreciaram o corpo quando comparadas a T1 e T2 (F = 9,71; p = 0,001), e de forma oposta entre os meninos, evidenciou-se maior insatisfacao em T1 em relacao a T2 e T3 (F = 12,55; p = 0,001). CONCLUSAO: Concluiu-se que a insatisfacao corporal aumentou ao longo de um ano em meninas, enquanto em meninos houve diminuicao. Sugere-se a implementacao de programas de promocao da saude para escolares durante o ano letivo.