Ana Leuch Lozovei

Distribuição geográfica de flebotomíneos do complexo Lutzomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera, Psychodidae)

The geographical distribution of Phlebotomine sandflies of the Lutzomyia intermedia complex is presented, based in collections for this study and in personal informations from other workers and bibliography. The subject is discussed, in relation to climate and to altitude and latitude. Lutzomyia intermedia s.s. was found in smaller altitudes and latitudes than Lutzomyia neivai; the last species seems to be better adapted to colder and drier climates than the first.

Ecologia de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) em criadouros naturais e artificiais de área rural do Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil: l - Coletas ao longo do leito de ribeirão

Objetivando-se conhecer as especies de Culicidae aptas a colonizarem ambiente de um ribeirao com mata ciliar reduzida e localizado na regiao Sul do Brasil, foram realizadas capturas com auxilio de rede para coleta de insetos aquaticos. Foram apanhadas as seguintes especies: Aedes crinifer, Aedomya squamipennis, Anopheles fluminensis, An. intermedius, An. albitarsis, An. argyritarsis, An. evansae, An. galvaoi, An. oswaldoi, An. strodei, An. triannulatus, Chagasia fajardi, Culex bidens, Cx. grupo coronator, Cx. eduardoi, Cx. mollis, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. coppenamensis, Cx. vaxus, Cx. grupo inhibitator, Cx. intrincatus, Cx. (Melanoconion) sp., Psorophora saeva (?) e Uranotaenia pulcherrima. Para as especies em que foi capturada uma amostra tida como representativa, foram estudadas a distribuicao ao longo da area pesquisada, a flutuacao populacional e a correlacao com fatores fisicos do ambiente. Conclui-se da analise que massas de agua orladas por mata ciliar reduzida podem funcionar como refugio para alguns Culicidae e esta condicao pode contribuir decisivamente para o processo de domiciliacao de especies deste grupo.The objective of this study is to identify the Culicidae species apt to colonize the waters of a creek with reduced gallery forest in the southern region of Brazil. Captures were performed using a water insect-collecting net. The following species were captured. Aedes crinifer, Aedomya squamipennis, Anopheles fluminensis, An. intermedius, An. albitarsis, An. argyritarsis, An. evansae, An. strodei, An. oswaldoi, An. Triannulatus, Chagasia fajardi, Culex bidens, Cx. group coronator, Cx. eduardoi, Cx. Mollis, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. coppenamensis, Cx. vaxus, Cx. group inhibitor, Cx. intrincatus, Cx. (Melanoconion) sp, Psorophora saeva (?) and Uranotaenia pulcherrima. As for the species which showed the highest frequency rate, the following aspects were studied: population fluctuation, environmental factor correlated with geographic distribution along the area. It was concluded that superficial waters with reduced gallery forest may serve as a refuge for some Culicidae. This fact may contribute to the domiciliation process of the species.

Ecology of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

The phlebotomine sandfly fauna of a primary forest reserve at Morretes (eastern Paraná State) was studied, using CDC-like light traps, one night per month, at canopy and ground level, between April 1995 and March 1996. A total of 3,106 insects were collected, identified as belonging to nine species. Lutzomyia ayrozai and Lu.geniculata were predominant, seven other species also being present. Monthly mean temperature, rainfall and the temperature of the collection night significantly influenced the numbers of Lu. ayrozai while the two first factors influenced the numbers of Lu. geniculata, besides the collected quantities of females of the two species. The influence of the factors on Lu. ayrozai numbers was more immediate than in those of Lu. geniculata. Numbers of both species and of the females of Lu. geniculata collected in different seasons, but not at the different heights, varied significantly. Differences between the behaviour of Lu. ayrozai in Morretes and in other regions could be attributed to environmental differences and/or to regional variations in the species, which could constitute species complexes. Hourly variations of collections were different in the species and seasons.

Culicidae of Itaipu lake, Paraná River, southern Brazil

Mosquito catches were made in Guaira county, Parana State, southern Brazil, in the vicinity of Itaipu dam, from January to December 1991. The catches were made with a Shannon light trap and human bait. The Shannon light trap was installed beside the highway that used, formerly, to lead to the Sete Quedas cataracts and the human bait was used in the urban area. Data about the Culicidae fauna were obtained as to predominant species, seasonal variation, time of highest density and affinity with human host. Forty-one species were identified as belonging to the Anopheles, Aedes, Aedomyia, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Psorophora and Uranotaenia genera. With the Shannon light trap 21,280 mosquitoes were caught and with human bait 1,010. In the catches made with the Shannon light trap, Coquillettidia shannoni, Mansonia humeralis, Anopheles trianulatus, Aedes scapularis and Anopheles albitarsis accounted for 82.78% of all mosquitoes taken. In the catches made on human bait the highest densities of these mosquitoes occurred between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. Aedes scapularis, Mansonia humeralis and Anopheles albitarsis represented 91,21% of all mosquitoes caugth with human bait. The highest densities of Aedes scapularis, on human bait, were found between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. and those of Mansonia humeralis and Anopheles albitarsis between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m. Among the genera caught with the Shannon ligth trap Coquillettidia shannoni, Mansonia humeralis and Anopheles albitarsis were most frequent in April, Anopheles triannulatus in January and Aedes scapularis in February.Mosquito catches were made in Guaíra county, Paraná State, southern Brazil, in the vicinity of Itaipu dam, from January to December 1991. The catches were made with a Shannon light trap and human bait. The Shannon light trap was installed beside the highway that used, formerly, to lead to the Sete Quedas cataracts and the human bait was used in the urban area. Data about the Culicidae fauna were obtained as to predominant species, seasonal variation, time of highest density and affinity with human host. Forty-one species were identified as belonging to the Anopheles, Aedes, Aedomyia, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Psorophora and Uranotaenia genera. With the Shannon light trap 21,280 mosquitoes were caught and with human bait 1,010. In the catches made with the Shannon light trap, Coquillettidia shannoni, Mansonia humeralis, Anopheles trianulatus, Aedes scapularis and Anopheles albitarsis accounted for 82.78% of all mosquitoes taken. In the catches made on human bait the highest densities of these mosquitoes occurred between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. Aedes scapularis, Mansonia humeralis and Anopheles albitarsis represented 91.21% of all mosquitoes caught with human bait. The highest densities of Aedes scapularis, on human bait, were found between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. and those of Mansonia humeralis and Anopheles albitarsis between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m. Among the genera caught with the Shannon light trap Coquillettidia shannoni, Mansonia humeralis and Anopheles albitarsis were most frequent in April, Anopheles triannulatus in January and Aedes scapularis in February.

Mosquitos de ambientes peri e extradomiciliares na região sul do Brasil

Durante um ano de coletas de culicideos no Municipio de Querencia do Norte, no Estado do Parana, Brasil, utilizando-se isca humana e armadilhas de Falcao, investigou-se a composicao faunistica, a sazonalidade, o horario de maior densidade, a afinidade ao hospedeiro humano c a presenca desses dipteros em abrigos de animais domesticos. De junho de 1989 a maio de 1990 foram coletados 5.923 mosquitos dos generos Aedes, Aedomyia, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Psorophora, Sabethes e Uranotaenia. Identificaram-se 32 especies de culicideos, dentre as quais Aedes scapularis, Anopheles albitarsis, Aedomyia squamipennis, Coquillettidia lynchi, Mansonia titillans e Coquillettidia venezuelensis tiveram maior prevalencia, tendo sido capturados em grande numero em isca humana, exceto Aedomyia squamipennis que compareceu sobretudo em abrigos de animais domesticos. O horario de maior atividade foi entre 18 e 19 horas e o mes de maior densidade foi o de abril, considerando-se o conjunto dos insetos capturados.Durante um ano de coletas de culicideos no Municipio de Querencia do Norte, no Estado do Parana, Brasil, utilizando-se isca humana e armadilhas de Falcao, investigou-se a composicao faunistica, a sazonalidade, o horario de maior densidade, a afinidade ao hospedeiro humano c a presenca desses dipteros em abrigos de animais domesticos. De junho de 1989 a maio de 1990 foram coletados 5.923 mosquitos dos generos Aedes, Aedomyia, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Psorophora, Sabethes e Uranotaenia. Identificaram-se 32 especies de culicideos, dentre as quais Aedes scapularis, Anopheles albitarsis, Aedomyia squamipennis, Coquillettidia lynchi, Mansonia titillans e Coquillettidia venezuelensis tiveram maior prevalencia, tendo sido capturados em grande numero em isca humana, exceto Aedomyia squamipennis que compareceu sobretudo em abrigos de animais domesticos. O horario de maior atividade foi entre 18 e 19 horas e o mes de maior densidade foi o de abril, considerando-se o conjunto dos insetos capturados.

Influence of altitude, latitude and season of collection (Bergmann's Rule) on the dimensions of Lutzomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae)

The influence of altitude and latitude on some structure sizes of Lutzomyia intermedia was noted; several structures of insects collected in higher localities were greater, according to Bergmanns rule. This influence was more remarkable in two localities of the State of Espírito Santo, probably due to greater differences in altitude. Comparing insects from different latitudes, more differences were noted in comparisons of insects from low altitude localities than in those of material from higher altitudes. The small number of differences between insects collected in July and in December does not indicate a defined influence of season and temperature on the size of adults. The possible epidemiological implications of these variations are discussed.

Microhabitats de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) em internódios de taquara na Mata Atlântica, Paraná, Brasil

During two consecutive years, from January 1985 to December 1986, a comparative study of mosquitoes preferences for breeding habitat was carried out in the Atlantic Forest of the Serra do Mar, Parana State, Brazil. To achieve it, 1875 bamboo internodes aligned vertically in live green, bamboo plants Merostachys speciosa Munro and Merostachys sp. were used, in which metabolic water was exuded from the plant itself, and presenting different size/pattern holes at their lateral walls, bored by the local sylvan fauna. Another group of 1200 individual internode traps was used as comparative element, carved out with a transversal cut by a saw, filled with local stream water and held in branches at different heights in the vegetal strata nearby. At both microhabitat types, a total of 17 culicid species was registered. Culex (Microculex) neglectus Lutz, 1904, Cx. (Carrollia) soperi Antunes & Lane, 1937, Sabethes (Sabethes) batesi Lane & Cerqueira, 1942 and Sa. (Sabethinus) melanonymphe (Dyar, 1924)colonized exclusively live plant internodes, while Culex (Microculex) elongatus Rozeboom & Lane, 1950, Cx. (Carrollia) iridescens (Lutz, 1905), Cx. (Carrollia) kompi Valencia,1973and Trichoprosopon (Trichoprosopon) soaresi Dyar & Knab, 1907 bred only in internode traps. The remaining nine species colonized both habitats indistinctly. Quantitatively, was detected the abundance of 60.1% at live green internodes, against 39.9% for internode traps. Concerning the different patterns of bored live internode holes, 40.3% of the total computed specimens were collected in square or rectangular holes, 31.9% in two hole internodes, one minute circular, the other wider, and the remaining 28.8% of specimens distributed in other pattern type internodes. The mosquitoes breeding at these microhabitats fall in the culicid entomofauna specialized at locating and detecting peculiar and propitious mesogen conditions for breeding purposes.

Controle de flebotomíneos com DDT, em àrea endêmica de leishmaniose tegumentar no estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Evaluation of DDT insecticide used to sand flies control in domiciles and domestic animal shelters in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Collections of sand flies were made with Falcao traps in houses, in one pigsty and in one tree in Jussara Farm, municipality of Jussara, State of Parana, Brazil, between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. during 7 days from March 24 to April 1, 1992. In May, 1992 DDT insecticide (Dicloro Difenil Tricloro Etano) (1 g/square meter of area) was applied internally and externally on houses and in pigsty. After this, new collections of sand flies were made from July 1992 to February 1993, once a month, with Falcao traps installed in the same hour and conditions mentioned above. Before DDT insecticide application 12,960 sand flies were collected (Hourly Average=463) and it was observed the prevalence (61,8%). of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) After the DDT application only 589 sand flies were collected (Hourly Average=18,4) and also L. whitmani predominated again (90,8%). The decrease of sand flies number after the DDT insecticide application in domiciles and in pigsty prove that this measure can help cutaneous leishmaniasis control in Northern Parana.

Criadouros de imaturos de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) introduzidos em mata preservada na área urbana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil

Mosquitoes ecological features were studied in a preserved forest - Capao da Imbuia - placed in the urban area of Curitiba City, Parana, Brasil. In this research were noted immature forms in artificial recipients made by different materiais. Five species were found in this recipients: Culex (Culex) acharistus Root, 1927, Culex (Culex) group coronator Dyar & Kanb, 1906, Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal & Garcia, 1968, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 and Toxorhynchites (Lynchiella) theobaldi (Dyar & Kanb, 1906). Its very important to know the mosquitoes that in urban area due they carry human desease agents by some species.

Aspectos ecológicos de Anopheles cruzii e Culex ribeirensis (Diptera, Culicidae) da Mata Atlântica de Morretes, Paraná, Brasil

A study of adult mosquitoes was performed from April 1995 to March 1996 in the Atlantic Forest near to Morretes city, Parana, Brazil. The research was carried out by using two CDC-M light traps installed in different vertical stratification levels. Mosquitoes were collected monthly throughout the year from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., with total work hours of 144. A number of 1,408 specimens of mosquitoes was obtained (409 at canopy level and 999 near the ground), belonging to 10 genera and 31 species. Anopheles cruzii and Culex ribeirensis were predominant and are the main subjects of the present study. Difference was not observed between the traps for Anopheles cruzii. However, the higher number of Culex ribeirensis was collected in CDC-M/ground. According to time intervals, Anopheles cruzii showed peaks in the early hours of the night, and decreased progressively until dawn, without a secondary peak. As for the monthly distribution, Anopheles cruzii was more frequent in April and May 1995 and March 1996. Correlations between specimens and temperature or rainfall were not significant. The flight activity of Culex ribeirensis was more intense from 10 p.m. until 4 a.m., but significant peaks were not observed. The monthly distribution of Culex ribeirensis showed peaks in December and January. Significant correlation of this culicine was found for temperature and rainfall. First records for Parana State: Ochlerotatus rhyacophilus, Culex misionensis, Culex pedroi, Culex ribeirensis and Culex zeteki.