Anwar Mallongi

Mercury Emission from Artisanal Buladu Gold Mine and its Bioaccumulation in Rice Grains, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia

Available forms of mercury (Hg) released from artisanal gold mine activities could be taken up increasingly by plants via root and leaf stomata. Total mercury (THg) concentrations in dry deposit, surface soil and rice grains were investigated as well as the potential risks in september 2011 from three rice fields of concern. The results revealed that the concentrations of THg in dry deposition, top soil (0 to 5 cm depth), sub soil (6 to 10 cm depth) and rice grains (Oriza sativa L.) both brown (once milled) and white (twice milled) grains were ranged from 166 to 322 m-2 day-1, 484 to 4244 μg kg-1dw, 122 to 1812 μg kg-1ww, and 113 to 1084 μg kg-1ww, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) values for dry deposition, top soil and sub soil were ranged from 3 to 7, 5 to 42 and 5 to 36, respectively. Target hazard quotient (THQ) for brown and white rice grains consumptions were found in the range of 0.1 to 1.6 and 0.1 to 1.0, respectively. THQ values through brown rice consumption exceeded the guideline (>1) presented that the brown rice in these areas should not be safe for consumption and are at risks for the whole lifespan. However, the THQ values of both brown and white rice grains in some areas were still low and should be safe for the whole life span consumption.

Understanding the Perspectives of Village Leaders and Institutions in Transforming Social Conflict into Peace and Health

This research analyzed the dynamics and management of village level conflict and community health status using a qualitative method. Results indicate that conflicts are dynamic and affected significantly by how villagers themselves define the main sources of their conflicts and living healthy. Village leaders and village institutions are both important factors in conflict management. If both operate effectively in resolving village conflicts, a peaceful situation can be created. Where either or both factors do not operate effectively the outcome can be a security crisis even degenerating into communal violence. Therefore, strengthening the capacity of village leaders and village institutions to manage conflict and living healthy is strongly recommended.

Risk Analysis of dengue Fever Occurrence in bone Province Sulawesi South using Temporal Spatial geostatistical Model

The purpose of this research is to get the best model prediction of dengue fever risk in Bone District using spatial temporal geostatistical model. Time series model is used to describe the dynamics of dengue fever changes with stages: Identification of data, Model identification, model estimation, model assumption check, best model selection and forecasting stage. Implementation of time series model in Bone District incident data and climatic factors shows that the model obtained has a good accuracy. The results showed that: The prediction model of dengue fever occurrence in Tanete Riattang Barat, China, and Mare sub district using ARIMAX model. Dengue prediction model for Ajangale District, Barebbo, Bengo, Two Boccoe and Tellusiattingge using MAX model. Rainfall is an exogenous variable that affects the incidence of dengue fever. Humidity, temperature and wind speed have no effect on the occurrence of dengue fever.

Assessment of lead contamination on aquatic habitat and street snacks in makassar coastal area, Indonesia

Lead can be a poison to the environment which may affects all body systems. Lead can also affect human health especially those who frequently exposed. Lead potentially lowering level of intelligence, growth, loss, causing anemia, and disorder among children as lead is neurotoxin and accumulative. In addition, lead can cause a decrease in the ability of the brain, whereas in adults may cause interference of high blood pressure and other tissue toxicity. Any increase in the levels of lead in the blood of 10 ug/dl led to a decrease in IQ of 2.5 points or 0.975 IQ. The research aims to assess the potential health risk among people who exposed to lead in the coastal area of city of Makassar. We investigate the distribution of toxic lead in Makassar coastal area namely; sea water, sediments, shells and crab. Then investigate lead toxins around coastal such as lead in soil, dust, snacks and air. After create distribution maps lead risks we create analysis of environmental and health risks assessment. Result revealed that the analysis of spatial distribution of Lead in the sediment shows that the high distribution was in station 3 in Mariso districts then coastal Tallo area and the lowest was in Tamalate District. While the analysis of the spatial Pb distribution in mussels seen that the highest distribution Pb was in station 4 of districts Mariso then coastal waters Tallo area and the lowest was in Tamalate District 5.00 to 7.20 mg/g. In conclusion, it revealed the concentration of Lead at all stations of those four districts have exceeded the level of allowed standard and may potentially lead to a hazard both to environment and human being who are living in the surround area.

The influence of media booklet in behavior change of waste management in elementary school students, South Denpasar, Bali

Community participation is a contributing factor to the success of waste management. Behavioral changes must be instilled from an early age. The Booklet is a suitable medium used for changes in the behavior of elementary school students. The waste sorting material can be more easily explained by using text messages and pictures. Quasi-experimental research with one group pretest and posttest design. The sampling method is Multistage Random Sampling large sample taken for research is 90 people at 65 elementary school in South Denpasar. The instrument of this research is a questionnaire, with data retrieval technique done through interview analysis compare mean paired sample t-test. There is the difference of knowledge, attitude, and action before and after counseling method of selfevaluation by media booklet with a value of (p <0.001). Health promotion efforts by optimizing the role of School Health Services. For further research can be done research on the role of teachers and parents in health promotion activities

The spatial pattern and risk factors of leprosy occurrence in barru, Indonesia

At this time 13 provinces and 147 districts/cities with a prevalence rate of more than 1/10, 000 population, one of which is Barru South Sulawesi province where the discovery of a case in 2015 year as many 25 people (prevalence of 1.5/10, 000 population). This research aimed (1) to investigate the spatial spread pattern of leprosy patients using Geographic System Information (GIS) and (2) to describe the risking factors correlated with the leprosy incidences in Barru Regency in 2013-2015. This research type was a descriptive/analytical survey with the cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in Barru Regency to find out the cases of leprosy patients which was 1/100, 000 people. The samples comprised all the leprosy patients in Barru Regency in 2013-2015. The data collection was carried out using observation and interviews. The data were analyzed using statistically using SPSS program and the spatial analysis used ArcView GIS version 10.1. The research results indicated of the leprosy disease in Barru Regency in 2013 was random in the entire sub-districts area, while in 2014 and 2015 was clustered, the map buffer distance between the residences of the lepers were approximately still within the radius of 2-6 km and the health centers. The individual characteristics of the leprosy were about >29 years old: 79.3% in 2013, 64% in 2014 and 73.1% in 2015, male gender: 69% in 2013 and 52% in 2014: race/ethnicity: 100% Buginese in 2013-2015, poor knowledge: 100% in 2013, 88% in 2014 and 92.3% in 2015, bad personal hygiene: 82.8% in 2013, 68% in 2014, BCG vaccine reception 72% in 2013 & 2014 and 53.8% in 2015, and ≤2 years of contact time: 19% in 2013, 72% in 2014 and 69.2% in 2015. Socio-economic characteristics of patients who had in average low education: 100% in 2013, 96% in 2014 and 96.2% in 2015, job with risks: 100% in 2013, 96% in 2014 and 96.2% in 2015, income less than UMR: 100% in 2013 & 2015 and 92% in 2014. The conditions of the patients homes being in average fairly damp, fairly lighted, and having ventilations still met the requirement as prescribed by Kepmenkes, RI No. 29/Menkes/SK/VII/1999.

The Effectiveness of Nutritions Ergogenic Modified to the Local Endurance of Pamong Praja Police Personnel in Denpasar

As the spearhead of securing local regulations issued by local governments/regents/mayors, the existence of Pamong Praja Police in Indonesia is very vital. Besides having a good character, a Pamong Praja Police personnel must have a qualified physical fitness in relation to the tasks they perform. In carrying out its duties, Pamong Praja Police personnel often physical contact with people who do not agree with the wishes of the government. Therefore, the physical fitness of Pamong Praja Police personnel must always be well preserved. The best way to maintain optimal physical exercise is to exercise a routine and intake of nutritious foods.

Administration of Tempehethanol Extract on Prenatal Until Weaning Period Inhibit the Ovary Follicles Developing of Little Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Background and objective: soybean tempeh contains isoflavones that are able to bind to estrogen receptors, so they have estrogenic properties. This study aims to prove that the administration of tempeh soybean extract during periods of perception can inhibit the formation of ovarian follicles. Method: posttest only control group design, using female rats aged 12-13 weeks with BB 150 g, a research site in Udayana University’s integrated laboratory. Result: the results showed that there were significant differences in the mean number of follicles in the three groups, namely primordial, primary, secondary was p <0.01; atreticfollicles wasp <0.05. Conclusion: the administration of ethanol extract of tempeh during the perimenopause period can inhibit the formation of primordial follicles, primary follicles, and secondary follicles. High doses can increase the average number of atretic follicles. Keywords: ethanol extract tempeh, perimenopause period, ovarian follicles

ESTIMATED MODELS OF OCCURRENCE DIARRHEA IN MAKASSAR

Diarrhea estimation is a vital aspects of diarrehea prevalence in Makassar city.This study aims to estimate the occurrence of Diarrhea in Makassar City for 10 years (2017 - 2027) with the approach of dynamic model without scenario (pessimistic level), estimate the occurrence of Diarrhea in Makassar City for 10 years (2017 - 2027) with dynamic model approach with combined scenario improvement of basic sanitation, food and beverage sanitation, snack consumption and moderate hygiene scenario scenarios, and estimates the incidence of Diarrhea in Makassar City for 10 years (2017 - 2027) using a dynamic model approach with optimistic mixed scenarios. The design of this research is cross sectional with dynamic system model approach. The research was conducted in Makassar City which was chosen purposively. For estimation model of diarrhea occurrence using dynamic modeling with Stella 5.0. The population in this study is the entire community residing in Makassar City. The sample of the study is the people affected by diarrhea recorded in the case report records in the Health Office of Makassar City 2012-2016. Result of research of Diarrhea event estimation in Makassar City for 10 years (2017 - 2027) without scenario (pessimistic level) shows that 10 years to come that is 2017 - 2027 incidence Diarrhea in Makassar City increased up to 1,10 times every month with percentage by 110% within 10 years with Diarrhea case of 145,855 cases in 2017 to 471,884 cases in 2027. Estimated incidence of diarrhea (for 2017-2027) with dynamic model approach with combined scenario of basic sanitation, sanitation food and beverages, the scenario of reducing the consumption of snacks and moderate-level personal hygiene scenario shows that during 2017 - 2027 incidence Diarrhea has decreased to 3.00 times every month with percentage of 300% when compared to the level scenario pessimist within 10 years with Diarrhea case of 48,167 cases at t 2017 to 155,057 cases in 2027.

BANK SAMPAH SEBAGAI SALAH SATU SOLUSI PENANGANAN SAMPAH DI KOTA MAKASSAR

Bank sampah adalah salah satu strategi penerapan 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) dalam pengelolaan sampah pada sumbernya di tingkat masyarakat dengan pola insentif ekonomi. Bank Sampah Pelita Harapan telah beroperasi sejak tahun 2011 dan terus berlanjut sampai saat ini di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor yang memengaruhi keikutsertaan masyarakat dalam menabung di Bank Sampah Pelita Harapan di Kelurahan Ballaparang Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga yang berada di RW 04 Kelurahan Ballaparang dan diperoleh besar sampel 200 rumah. Penarikan sampel menggunakan systematic random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi squaredan uji phi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh variabel yang berhubungan dengan keikutsertaan masyarakat adalah tingkat pengetahuan (p=0.000;φ=0.643). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan keikutsertaan masyarakat adalah jumlah anggota keluarga (p=0.111) dan penghasilan (p=0.526). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan keikutsertaan masyarakat dalam menabung di Bank Sampah Pelita Harapan di Kelurahan Ballaparang Kota Makassar tahun 2015.