Arele Arlindo Calderano

Metabolizable energy values of feedstuffs obtained from poultry at different ages

Four assays were carried out to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and the corrected apparent nitrogen metabolizable energy (AMEn) of ten feeds for poultry at different poultry ages. The feeds studied were: corn grain, soybean meal, ground sorghum, wheat bran, integral rice bran, two kinds of feather meal, two kinds of poultry viscera meal and spray-dried plasma. The method of total excreta collection was used to determine the AME and AMEn values. The broiler chicks were distributed on a completely randomized experimental design, with 11 treatments, six replications, with different number of animals by replication according to the assay. In the first assay, 528 male broiler chicks in the period from 10 to 17 days of age were used, with eight animals per replication. In the second assay, 396 male broiler chicks in the period from 26 to 33 days of age were used, with six animals per replication. In the third assay, 264 male broiler chicks in the period from 40 to 47 days of age were used, with four animals per replication. In the fourth assay, 132 roosters were used, with two animals per replicate. There was an effect of age on the AME and AMEn values of the following feeds: soybean meal, ground sorghum, integral rice bran, two kinds of feather meal and spray-dried plasma, where the oldest broilers provided the highest AME and AMEn values. Wheat bran was affected by age only for the AMEn values.

Exigência nutricional de lisina digestível para galinhas poedeiras de 54 a 70 semanas de idade

An experiment was performed to determine the dietary digestible lysine requirement of hens (Lohman LSL and Lohman Brown) from 54 to 70 weeks of age. Three hundred and sixty hens were randomly assigned to 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (Lys levels by hen strain), according to the dietary treatments withj six replicates (groups) of 6 birds. An experimental diet was formulated to contain deficient digestible lysine levels in order to be supplemented with lysine (L-Lys-HCL,78%) originating the five dietary treatments (0.555; 0.605; 0.655; 0.705 and 0.755% of digestible lysine). The parameters analyzed were egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, lysine intake, feed conversion, albumen weight, yolk weight and shell weight, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index, percentage of non-commercial eggs and body weight gain. There was linear effect of lysine levels to light laying hens on feed intake, lysine intake, yolk index, albumen weight, yolk weight and quadratic effect on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion and shell weight. For brown-type laying hens, there was linear effect of lysine levels on lysine intake and egg weight and quadratic effect on egg production, egg mass, feed conversion and shell weight. The digestible lysine requirements were estimated through polynomial regression models. Estimates of digestible lysine requirements were calculated as 0.724 and 0.692% for light laying hens and brown-type laying hens, respectively, which corresponds to 784 and 748 mg/hen/day and 14.9 and 14.5 g of digestible lysine/g egg mass produced, in the period from 54 to 70 weeks of age.

Composição química e energética de alimentos de origem vegetal determinada em aves de diferentes idades

Four assays were carried out to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of ten feedstuffs of vegetable origin for poultry at different ages. The chemical composition of the ten feedstuffs was also determined: 45% soybean meal, 48% soybean meal, extruded full-fat soybean, deactivated full-fat soybean, micronized full-fat soybean, deactivated soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, corn gluten meal 21%, corn germ and broken rice. The method of total excreta collection was used and a randomized complete experimental design was used with 11 treatments and six replications, in the four assays. In the 1st, 2nd and 3rd assays broiler chicks were used aged 10 to 17, 26 to 33 and 40 to 47 days, respectively, and in the 4th assay roosters were used with 25 weeks of age. The AMEn values (as-fed basis) determined in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th assay were, respectively: 2069, 2148, 2272 and 2231 for 45% soybean meal; 2214, 2225, 2319 and 2247 for 48% soybean meal; 3322, 3331, 3405 and 3493 for extruded full-fat soybean; 3016, 3067, 3139 and 3388 for deactivated full-fat soybean; 3557, 3638, 3828 and 3869 for micronized full-fat soybean; 2292, 2348, 2518 and 2502 for deactivated soybean meal; 2356, 2399, 2509 and 2486 for soybean protein concentrate; 1826, 1882, 2110 and 1942 for corn gluten meal 21%; 2605, 2764, 2925 and 2832 for corn germ; and 2967, 3029, 3096 and 3026 for broken rice.

Calcium levels and calcium: available phosphorus ratios in diets for white egg layers from 42 to 58 weeks of age

The experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional requirement of calcium and the best calcium:available phosphorus ratio for commercial layers at the post-laying peak. A total of 324 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were utilized in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, composed of three levels of calcium (39, 42 and 45 g/kg) and three calcium:phosphorus ratios (12.12:1; 10.53:1; and 9.30:1), totaling nine treatments with six replications and six birds per experimental unit. There was no significant effect from the calcium levels × calcium:phosphorus ratio interaction for any of the variables studied. The calcium levels and the calcium:phosphorus ratios did not affect the variables performance or egg and bone quality. At the evaluation of the calcium:phosphorus balance, as the levels of calcium of the diet were raised, the intake of calcium and phosphorus and the contents of mineral matter and calcium in the excreta increased linearly, and the retention of calcium by birds decreased linearly. With the reduction of the calcium:phosphorus ratios of the diet, intake, retention and excretion of phosphorus by layers increased. Diets containing calcium at 39 g/kg and a calcium:phosphorus ratio of 12.12:1, corresponding to an increase in calcium of 3.51 g/bird/day and available phosphorus of 289 mg/bird/day, meet the requirements of calcium and available phosphorus of white egg layers in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age.

Exigência nutricional de lisina digestível para poedeiras leves no segundo ciclo de produção

Com o objetivo de determinar a exigencia nutricional de lisina digestivel para poedeiras de segundo ciclo de producao, no periodo de 79 a 95 semanas de idade, foi conduzido um experimento utilizando 180 poedeiras Lohmann LSL leves, distribuidas em cinco niveis de lisina digestivel (0,555; 0,605; 0,655; 0,705; e 0,755%), seis repeticoes e seis aves por unidade experimental. Foi observado efeito quadratico dos niveis de lisina sobre consumo de racao, ganho de peso, conversao alimentar/massa de ovos, peso e massa de ovos. Para as caracteristicas consumo de lisina, conversao alimentar/duzia e taxa de postura, foi observado efeito linear positivo dos niveis de lisina. A porcentagem dos componentes dos ovos e a qualidade interna nao foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos, com excecao da porcentagem de casca e do indice de gema, que apresentaram efeito linear negativo. Embora tenha sido obtido efeito quadratico para massa de ovos e conversao alimentar/massa de ovos, estas caracteristicas nao foram utilizadas para determinacao da exigencia de lisina digestivel para as aves leves, visto que nao atenderiam a exigencia de lisina encontrada para os demais parâmetros. Deste modo, a exigencia estimada de lisina digestivel para as poedeiras leves, mediante efeito linear, foi maior ou igual a 0,755%, o que corresponde a um consumo de pelo menos 885 mg de lisina digestivel/ave/dia.

Diet supplementation with phytase on performance of broiler chickens

The assay was carried out to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on performance of broilers from 1 to 21 and 1 to 40 days of age. Twelve hundred and fifty male broilers (Ross) were distributed in a randomized experimental design, with five treatments, 10 repetitions and 25 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of evaluating the phytase supplementation in diets with reductions in nutritional levels, compared with the positive control. The nutrient contents in negative controls one and two were reduced progressively and these diets were supplemented with phytase levels of 250 and 500 ftu/kg of the diet, respectively. Two diets were formulated: pre-starter/starter, 1-21 days, and growth/finishing, from 21 to 40 days). In both phases, with the phytase supplementation in diets that had their nutritional levels reduced (negative control one + 250 ftu and negative control two + 500 ftu), feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion of the birds were similar to the positive control. In the period from 1 to 40 days of age, with the diets supplemented with phytase, the productive efficiency index of the birds was similar to that of the positive control group. Supplementation with 250 ftu/kg and 500 ftu/kg phytase in diets with reduced nutritional levels improved broiler performance, resulting in parameters similar to those shown by broilers fed with the diet with normal levels of nutrients.

Digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio in diets for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age

The objective of this study was to determine the ideal digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio in diets for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age. Two hundred and forty Hy-Line W-36 laying hens at 24 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, eight replicates and six birds per experimental unit. The digestible tryptophan levels in the experimental diets were 1.57; 1.68; 1.79; 1.90 and 2.01 g/kg, providing ratios of digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine of 0.215; 0.230; 0.245; 0.260 and 0.275. The increase in the levels of digestible tryptophan in the diet linearly improved the feed intake, digestible tryptophan intake, digestible lysine intake, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass and utilization efficiency of digestible lysine for eggs mass. There were quadratic effects from the digestible tryptophan levels on egg weight. For the efficiency of utilization of digestible lysine for egg mass, there was better adjustment of the data to the LRP model. The level of digestible tryptophan in the diet from which the plateau occurred was 0.184%. This level corresponded to the intake of 142 mg/bird/day of digestible tryptophan and digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio of 0.252. The ideal digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio recommended in diets for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age is 0.252 (25.2%).

Effect of dietary levels of methionine + cystine on performance of broiler breeders

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate levels of methionine + cystine levels for broiler breeders from 40 to 60 weeks of age. It was used 288 Cobb broiler breeders, distributed in a randomized experimental design with six levels of methionine+ cystine in the diets (0.39; 0.47; 0.55; 0.63; 0.71 and 0.79%), eight repetitions and six breeders per experimental unit. The diets were isocaloric and isoprotein (2,850 kcal ME/kg and 12.58% CP) and oferred at a fixed amount (155 g) per bird. For the entire studied period, by using polynomial analysis, it was observed a quadratic effect of methionine + cystine levels on the percentage of egg production, on number of eggs per hen housed, on number of eggs per hen and egg weight. There was also a linear effect on shell weight when it was calculated in relation to egg weight. The total methionine + cystine requirement for broiler breeders was calculated at 0.521% for percentage of egg production and number of eggs per hen, which corresponds to a daily intake of 808 mg of methionine + cystine/day. The digestible methionine + cystine requirement for broiler breeders was estimated at 727 mg for laying percentage and number of eggs per hen.

Cinética do radiofósforo em tecidos de suínos em crescimento alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de fósforo

ABSTRACT - Twenty-one castrated male pigs averaging 31.94 kg were used to evaluate phosphorus kinetics in swine tissues. Theexperiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with seven treatments, four replicates and one pig/box. The diets were corn and soybeanmeal-based and P supplementation from the following sources: dicalcium (FBC), monodicalcium (MBC), triple superphosphate (ST);simple superphosphate (SS), Catalao rock (ROCHA) phosphoric acid (AcF), and diet controls without supplemental P (CONT). Atthe end of the seventh day applying the 7,4MBq of 32 P, three animals were slaughtered per treatment. Animals fed CONT presenteda smaller concentration of P in the tissues and those fed SS and ST presented greater concentration. P concentration in the bone was superiorto that in the liver and kidney, with the smallest was observed in the heart and muscle. The rate of 32 P retention in the tissues decreasedas follows: liver, kidney, muscle, heart and bone. Retention rate was highest in the animals fed diet CONT and smallest in the animalsfed AcF and ST. Substitution of stable P by radioactive P was greater in the animals fed CONT and smaller for MBC and ST. The liverand kidney presented the highest substitution rate, followed by the heart and muscle, with the bone presenting a smaller rate. The exchangeof

Requirement of methionine + cystine for pullets in the growing phase from 7 to 12 weeks old

ABSTRACT The methionine + cystine requirement was determined for pullets from seven to 12 weeks of age and its effect was verified on the laying phase. The experiment was divided into two phases, growing and production, which lasted from 22 to 33 weeks of age. In the first experimental phase we used 640 birds (50% and 50% Lohmann LSL Lohmann Brown) allotted in a completely randomized factorial scheme 5x2 (methionine + cystine levels and lineages), with four replications and 16 birds per repetition. The levels of total methionine + cystine studied were 0.471; 0.541; 0.611; 0.681 e 0.751%. When they reached 22 weeks of age, 240 birds were used to verify the residual effect of the diets fed during the growth period. The level of methionine + cystine for white-egg and brown-egg pullets in the period from 1 to 6 weeks of age were 0.710% of total methionine + cystine (0.639 % met+cis digestible) and 0.706 % of total methionine + cystine (0.635 % of met+cis digestible), respectively. Keywords: amino acids, egg, hen, requirements, sexual maturity