B. A. Charlton

Umatilla Russet: A full season long Russet for processing and fresh market use

Umatilla Russet, a moderately late maturing variety especially suitable for frozen French fry processing but also acceptable for tablestock use (boiling, and baking), was jointly released by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1998. Umatilla Russet was evaluated in irrigated trials in Oregon from 1988 to 1997, and in western regional trials from 1989 to 1991. Total yields were similar to those of Russet Burbank, but Umatilla Russet produced higher marketable yields. In three years of regional trials at up to 13 locations in seven western states, Umatilla Russet averaged 40.5 Mg/ha compared with 32.4 Mg/ha for Russet. Burbank. Umatilla Russet fry color and specific gravity are consistently equal to or better than for Russet Burbank. Umatilla Russet is less susceptible toVerticillium wilt than Russet Norkotah, less susceptible to net necrosis than Russet Burbank, and resistant to PVX. It is susceptible to PLRV and expresses foliar symptoms of PVY more clearly than Russet Norkotah. Umatilla Russet is less susceptible to tuber infection and decay caused byPhytophthora infestans than Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah. Umatilla Russet is less susceptible to hollow heart, brown center, growth cracks, and sugar ends, but more susceptible to blackspot and shatter bruise than Russet Burbank

AmaRosa, a Red Skinned, Red Fleshed Fingerling with High Phytonutrient Value

The diversity of traits in varieties of potato outside of its South American birthplace is a small subset of that available in the Andean center of origin. Among the traits that evoke most interest are skin and flesh pigments. Recent studies have pointed to the high antioxidant activity and potential healthful benefits from these pigments or other antioxidant compounds. The market for potatoes with unusual color patterns has been supplied largely by heirloom varieties of uncertain origin and the highly successful Yukon Gold. Interest has intensified and been transformed into a focused effort in the breeding of specialty varieties, remarkable for their unusual colors. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new potato variety in the Fingerling Class with red skin and red flesh.ResumenLa diversidad de caracteres en variedades de papa fuera de su lugar de origen en Sudamérica, es un pequeño subgrupo del que esta disponible en su centro de origen andino. Entre los caracteres que atraen más interés son los pigmentos de la piel y de la pulpa. Estudios recientes han enfatizado a la alta actividad antioxidante y a los potenciales beneficios para la salud de estos pigmentos u otros compuestos antioxidantes. El mercado de papas con patrones de color inusuales se ha surtido grandemente por variedades antiguas de origen incierto y por la altamente exitosa Yukon Gold. Se ha intensificado el interés y se ha transformado a un esfuerzo enfocado en el mejoramiento de variedades de especialidad, que sobresalen por sus colores poco comunes. El propósito de este artículo es describir una nueva variedad de papa en la clase de variedaes tipo dedo con piel y pulpa rojas.

Genetic Fingerprinting of Potato Varieties from the Northwest Potato Variety Development Program

The Northwest Potato Variety Development (NWPVD) Program has released 45 improved potato varieties since 1985. Thirty-four potato varieties, four breeding clones and two advanced selections from NWPVD Program, and six commonly-grown potato varieties were fingerprinted using 32 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 12,808 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Of 32 SSR markers, 29 exhibited significant polymorphism across all the 46 potato clones studied. A total of 143 alleles were observed with an average of 4.6 alleles per SSR marker. These markers span all 12 chromosomes of potato, with a maximum of five markers from chromosome VIII and minimum of one marker from chromosome VI. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and expected heterozygosity (He) of the SSR markers ranges between 0.18 to 0.75 and 0.20 to 0.78, respectively. Based on PIC, He, and ease of scoring, we recommend a set of eight SSR markers: STG0016, STI0004, STI0012, STI0023, STI0030, STI0033, STM1016 and STM1104 for fingerprinting NWPVD varieties. Out of 12,808 SNPs, 88.8% resulted in reliable three cluster diploid calling of which 87.8% were polymorphic. Tetraploid calling resulted in 44.2% of SNPs of which 94.5% were polymorphic. Our study provided fingerprinting resources for the NWPVD varieties and can be used in issues related to intellectual property rights, ownership, trademark and diversity analysis.ResumenEl Programa de Desarrollo de Variedades de Papa Noroccidental (NWPVD, por sus siglas en inglés), ha liberado 45 variedades mejoradas de papa desde 1985. Se le obtuvo la huella digital molecular a 34 variedades de papa, cuatro clones para mejoramiento, y a dos selecciones avanzadas del Programa NWPVD, así como a seis variedades de papa de cultivo común, utilizando 32 marcadores de repeticiones de secuencias simples (SSR en inglés) y 12,808 marcadores de polimorfismo de nucleótidos simples (SNP). De los 32 marcadores SSR, 29 exhibieron polimorfismo significativo en todos los 46 clones de papa estudiados. Se observó un total de 143 alelos, con un promedio de 4.6 alelos por marcador SSR. Estos marcadores abarcaron los 12 cromosomas de la papa, con un máximo de cinco marcadores del cromosoma VIII y un mínimo de un marcador del cromosoma VI. El contenido de información polimórfica (PIC) y la heterocigocidad esperada (He) de los marcadores SSR fluctúa entre 0.18 a 0.75 y 0.20 a 0.78 respectivamente. Con base en el PIC, He, y las calificaciones, recomendamos un juego de ocho marcadores SSR: STG0016, STI0004, STI0012, STI0023, STI0030, STI0033, STM1016 y STM1104 para obtener la huella molecular digital de las variedades del NWPVD. De 12,808 SNPs, el 88.8% resultó en tres agrupamientos confiables de diploides identificados, de los cuales 87.8% fueron polimórficos. La identificación de tetraploides resultó en 44.2% de SNPs, de los cuales 94.5% fueron polimórficos. Nuestro estudio proporciona recursos de huellas moleculares para las variedades de NWPVD, y puede usarse en temas relacionados con derechos de propiedad intelectual, pertenencia, marcas registradas y análisis de diversidad.

Russet Legend: A full season long Russet for processing and fresh market use

Russet Legend, a moderately late maturing variety especially suitable for frozen French fry processing but also acceptable for tablestock use (boiling, and baking), was jointly released by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Colorado, Idaho, and Washington, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1998. Russet Legend was evaluated in irrigated trials in Oregon from 1988 to 1997, and in western regional trials from 1990 to 1992. Total yields were similar to those of Russet Burbank, but Russet Legend produced higher marketable yields. In three years of regional trials at up to 13 locations in seven western states, Russet Legend averaged 47.3 Mg/ha marketable yield compared with 36.5 Mg/ha for Russet Burbank and 33.6 Mg/ha for Russet Norkotah. Russet Legend has consistently achieved lighter fry color and higher specific gravity than Russet Burbank. Russet Legend is less susceptible toVerticillium wilt than Russet Burbank or Russet Norkotah. It is susceptible to PLRV and net necrosis, and expresses PVY foliar symptoms clearly. Russet Legend is less susceptible to tuber infection and decay caused byPhytophthora infestans than Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah. Russet Legend is less susceptible to hollow heart, brown center, growth cracks, and sugar ends than Russet Burbank

Yukon Gem: A Yellow-Fleshed Potato Cultivar Suitable for Fresh-Pack and Processing with Resistances to PVYO and Late Blight

Yukon Gem is a yellow-fleshed, medium to early-maturing cultivar suitable for fresh-pack or processing with a high level of resistance to potato virus YO, and moderate foliar and tuber resistance to late blight. Multiple trials demonstrated a higher yield potential than Yukon Gold (yellow-fleshed industry standard). Yukon Gem produces uniform attractive tubers with light yellow skin and splashes of pink around the eyes; with flesh color similar to Yukon Gold. Yukon Gem was obtained from the intercrossing of Brodick and Yukon Gold at North Dakota State University (NDSU). An NDSU seedling tuber was sent and selected at Aberdeen, ID in 1995 and designated NDA5507-3YF. It advanced through the Aberdeen potato breeding program and regional trials in the western and northwestern U.S. Yukon Gem was released in 2006 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.ResumenYukon Gem es una variedad de pulpa amarilla, de ciclo medio a temprano, ideal para empaque fresco o para proceso con un alto nivel de resistencia al virus YO, con moderada resistencia del follaje y del tubérculo al tizón tardío. Se ha demostrado en múltiples ensayos un potencial de rendimiento más alto que Yukon Gold (pulpa amarilla, estándar para la industria). Yukon Gem produce tubérculos uniformes atractivos con piel ligeramente amarilla y algo de rosado alrededor de los ojos; con color de pulpa similar al de Yukon Gold. Yukon Gem se obtuvo del entrecruzamiento de Brodick y Yukon Gold en la Universidad Estatal de Dakota del Norte (NDSU). Se envió un minitubérculo de NDSU y se seleccionó en Aberdeen, ID en 1995, designándosele NDA5507-3YF. Avanzó a lo largo del programa de mejoramiento de papa de Aberdeen y en las pruebas regionales en el oeste y noroeste de EUA. Yukon Gem se liberó en el 2006 por el USDA-ARS y por las Estaciones Agrícolas Experimentales de Idaho, Oregon, y Washington, y es un producto del Programa de Desarrollo de Variedades de Papa del Noroeste (Tri-State).

Klamath Russet: A Full Season, Fresh Market, Long Russet

Klamath Russet, a late-maturing cultivar for fresh market use, was jointly released by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2000. Klamath Russet was tested in irrigated trials in Oregon from 1990 to 1999 and in Western Regional Trials from 1994 to 1996. Klamath Russet yields of U.S. #ls have exceeded those for Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah by more than 30%, averaged across all trials. Klamath Russet is moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt and highly resistant to common scab. Specific gravity for Klamath Russet has averaged 1.076 across all trials compared with 1.070 and 1.081 for Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank, respectively. Klamath Russet is not considered suitable for french fry production because of high sugar and low starch contents.

Yukon Nugget: a Mid-Season Yellow Skin, Yellow Flesh Specialty Potato with Extreme Resistance to Potato Virus X

Yukon Nugget is a mid-season specialty potato with yellow flesh, yellow skin and distinct red eyes. Yukon Nugget was developed to provide the potato industry with an alternative to Yukon Gold. The overall tuber size profile of Yukon Nugget is smaller and more uniform than Yukon Gold and it typically produces an average of four more tubers per plant than Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget tubers are ideal for boiling, baking, and microwaving, and have culinary and nutritional qualities generally similar to Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget has extreme resistance to Potato Virus X due to presence of PVX resistance allele Rx1. It also has moderate resistance to powdery scab and tuber late blight. Yukon Nugget has less vascular and stem end discoloration and less hollow heart than Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget is similar to Yukon Gold in terms of susceptibility to several major potato diseases, such as PVY, PLRV, and foliage late blight. It was released in 2013 by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Idaho and Washington and the USDA-ARS, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest (Tri-State) Potato Variety Development Program.ResumenYukon Nugget es una papa de especialidad de ciclo intermedio, con pulpa amarilla y ojos rojos evidentes. Esta variedad se desarrolló para suministrar a la industria de la papa una alternativa a Yukon Gold. El perfil general del tamaño del tubérculo de Yukon Nugget es más pequeño y uniforme que Yukon Gold, y típicamente produce un promedio de cuatro tubérculos más por planta que Yukon Gold. Los tubérculos de Yukon Nugget son ideales para hervir, cocinar, para el horno de microondas, y tiene cualidades culinarias y nutricionales generalmente similares a las de Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget tiene resistencia extrema al Virus X de la papa debido a la presencia del alelo Rx1 de resistencia al PVX. También tiene resistencia moderada a la roña polvorienta y al tizón tardío en el tubérculo. Yukon Nugget tiene menos decoloración vascular y en el extremo del tallo, y menos corazón hueco que Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget es similar a Yukon Gold en términos de susceptibilidad a varias enfermedades importantes de la papa, tales como el PVY, PLRV y al tizón tardío del follaje. Se liberó en el 2013 por las Estaciones Agrícolas Experimentales de Oregon, Idaho y Washington y el USDA-ARS, y es un producto del Programa de desarrollo de Variedades Triestatal del Pacifico Nor-Occidental.

Huckleberry Gold: A Specialty Market Potato Cultivar with Purple-Skin, Yellow-Flesh, High Tuber Antioxidants, and Resistance to Potato Cyst Nematode (H1) and Potato virus X (Nb and Rx1)

Huckleberry Gold is a purple-skin, yellow-flesh fresh market cultivar with similar culinary qualities to the market standard Yukon Gold. It has lower specific gravity, sucrose and vitamin C content, but a significantly higher level of tuber antioxidants than Yukon Gold. Notable disease resistant characteristics are Potato virus X resistance based on the presence of molecular markers for the PVX resistance genes, Nb and Rx1. In addition it also has the H1 gene present which confers resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, which has been confirmed by bioassay to pathotype Ro1. The size profile of Huckleberry Gold is smaller than Yukon Gold, allowing a better fit into specialty markets that are geared to smaller size for fresh use. Huckleberry Gold represents the first purple-skin, yellow-flesh cultivar to come from the Northwest (Tri-State) Potato Variety Development program.ResumenHuckleberry Gold es una variedad de piel morada, pulpa amarilla para mercado fresco, con cualidades culinarias similares a las comunes de mercado de Yukon Gold. Tiene un contenido más bajo de gravedad específica, sacarosa y vitamina C, pero un nivel significativamente más alto de antioxidantes de tubérculo que Yukon Gold. Características notables de resistencia a enfermedades son la resistencia al virus X de la papa, con base en la presencia de marcadores moleculares para los genes de resistencia al PVX, Nb y Rx1. Además, también tiene el gen H1, que le confiere resistencia al nematodo de quiste de la papa, Globodera rostochiensis, que ha sido confirmado con un bioensayo al patotipo Ro1. El perfil del tamaño de Huckleberry Gold es más pequeño que el de Yukon Gold, permitiendo un mejor ajuste en los mercados de especialidad que están diseñados a tamaños más chicos para uso en fresco. Huckleberry Gold representa la primera variedad de piel morada, pulpa amarilla, proveniente del Programa Triestatal de Desarrollo de Variedades de Papa de la Región del Pacífico Noroccidental.

Classic Russet: A Potato Cultivar with Excellent Fresh Market Characteristics and High Yields of U.S. No. 1 Tubers Suitable for Early Harvest or Full-Season Production

Classic Russet is a medium maturing potato cultivar with rapid tuber bulking making it suitable for early harvest, as well as full-season production. Classic Russet is notable for its attractive tubers with medium russet skin and excellent culinary characteristics. It resulted from a 1995 cross between Blazer Russet and Summit Russet and was released in 2009 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon and Washington and is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. Classic Russet also shows potential as an early season processing cultivar, with fry color comparable to Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet. Classic Russet total yields were comparable to Russet Norkotah and Ranger Russet in early harvest trials and comparable to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank in full season trials. When averaged across sites in early harvest or full season trials, U.S. No. 1 yields of Classic Russet were generally greater than those of Russet Norkotah, Ranger Russet, and Russet Burbank. Protein content for Classic Russet is relatively high, averaging 22% higher than Ranger Russet, 32% higher than Russet Burbank and 24% higher than Russet Norkotah. Specific gravity of Classic Russet in early harvest trials was comparable to Russet Norkotah but lower than Ranger Russet and was similar to Russet Burbank in full season trials. The incidence of hollow heart in Classic Russet is low, similar to that of Ranger Russet. It is less susceptible to blackspot bruise than Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah but shatter bruise can be a concern if not matured properly prior to harvest. Classic Russet is moderately resistant to common scab and dry rot and is moderately susceptible to foliar and tuber infections of early blight and symptoms of corky ringspot. It is susceptible to Verticillium wilt, soft rot, foliar and tuber late blight, PLRV and PLRV net necrosis, and the common strain of potato virus Y (PVY°).ResumenClassic Russet es una variedad de papa de madurez media con llenado rápido de tubérculo, haciéndola deseable para cosecha temprana, así como para producción de ciclo completo. Classic Russet es notable por sus tubérculos atractivos con piel corchosa intermedia y de características culinarias excelentes. Fue el resultado de una cruza de 1995 entre Blazer Russet y Summit Russet y se liberó en el 2009 por el USDA-ARS y las estaciones agrícolas experimentales de Idaho, Oregon y Washington y es un producto del Programa de Desarrollo de Variedades de Papa del Noroeste (Tri-State). Classic Russet también presenta potencial de una variedad temprana para proceso, con el color del freído comparable a Russet Burbank y Ranger Russet. Los rendimientos totales de Classic Russet fueron comparables a los de Russet Norkotah y Ranger Russet en ensayos de cosecha temprana y comparable a Ranger Russet y Russet Burbank en ensayos de ciclo completo. Cuando se promedió transversalmente en los sitios de los ensayos de ciclos corto y completo, los rendimientos de U.S. No. 1 de Classic Russet fueron generalmente mayores que los de Russet Norkotah, Ranger Russet, y Russet Burbank. El contenido protéico de Classic Russet es relativamente alto, promediando 22% mayor que Ranger Russet, 32% más alto que Russet Burbank y 24% más que Russet Norkotah. La gravedad específica de Classic Russet en los ensayos de cosecha temprana fue comparable a la de Russet Norkotah pero más baja que Ranger Russet y similar a la de Russet Burbank en ensayos de temporada completa. La incidencia de corazón hueco en Classic Russet es baja, similar a la de Ranger Russet. Es menos susceptible al oscurecimiento por daño mecánico que Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet y Russet Norkotah, pero la desintegración por golpes puede ser de cuidado si no se ha madurado apropiadamente antes de la cosecha. Classic Russet es moderadamente resistente a la roña común y a la pudrición seca y es moderadamente susceptible a las infecciones foliares y de tubérculo de tizón temprano y a los síntomas de la mancha anular corchosa. Es susceptible al marchitamiento por Verticillium, a la pudrición blanda, al tizón tardío en el follaje y en el tubérculo, PLRV y a la necrosis neta por PLRV, y a la variante común de virus Y (PVY°).

Wallowa Russet: A full season long Russet for processing and fresh market

The Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington and the U.S. Department of Agriculture jointly released Wallowa Russet in 2002. This late maturing variety is most suitable for frozen french fry use, but may find limited fresh market potential because of outstanding flavor and texture when baked. Wallowa Russet was evaluated as AO87277-6 in Oregon irrigated trials from 1993 through 1999, and in western regional trials from 1997 through 1999. Averaged over 13 locations in seven states, Wallowa Russet produced total yields of 55.6 mt/ha compared to 53.5 and 45.7 mt/ha for Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, respectively, and U.S. No.1 yields of 44.4 mt/ha compared to 30.7 and 36.0 mt/ha for Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Specific gravity is consistently higher for Walowa Russet than for Russet Burbank and fry color is as light or lighter; sugar end development is less than that observed in Russet Burbank. Wallowa Russet is similar to Russet Burbank in susceptibility toVerticillium wilt, foliar early blight (Alternaria solani), and potato leafroll virus (PLRV). However, Wallowa Russet develops less net necrosis than Russet Burbank from PLRV infection. Wallowa Russet is more susceptible to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) than Russet Burbank. It has moderate resistance to potato virus Y (PVY). Tubers of Wallowa Russet are less susceptible to tuber infection and decay caused by potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) than Russet Norkotah and Ranger Russet. Wallowa Russet has less hollow heart, brown center, blackspot bruise, and fewer growth cracks than Russet Burbank but is more susceptible to shatter bruise. Vitamin C is higher for Wallowa Russet (30.4 mg/100 g fresh weight) than for Russet Burbank (21.9) or Russet Norkotah (22.0), and protein content averaged 5.6% compared to 4.7% and 4.9% for Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, respectively.ResumenLas Estaciones Experimentales de Oregon, Idaho y Washington, y el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos han liberado conjuntamente en el 2002 la variedad Wallowa Russet. Esta variedad de maduración tardía es más apropiada para su uso como papa frita congelada, pero además puede encontrar un mercado potencial limitado para su consumo fresco debido a su excelente sabor y textura cocido al horno. Wallowa Russet fue evaluada como AO87277-6 en pruebas bajo riego realizadas en Oregon desde 1993 hasta 1999 y en pruebas regionales de 1997 a 1999. En un promedio de 13 localidades en siete estados, Wallowa Russet dio rendimientos totales de 55.5 t/ha en comparación con 53.5 y 45.7 t/ha de Russet Burbank y Russet Norkotah. La gravedad específica es consistentemente más alta para Wallowa Russet que para Russet Burbank y el color de la fritura es tanto o más claro; el contenido de azúcares reductores es menor que el observado en Russet Burbank. Wallowa Russet y Russet Burbank son similares en susceptibilidad a la marchitez causada porVerticillium, al tizón temprano del follaje (Alternaria solani) y al virus del enrollamiento (PLRV). Sin embargo, Wallowa Russet desarrolla menos necrosis reticulada originada por la infección de PLRV que Russet Burbank. Wallowa Russet es más susceptible a la sarna común (Streptomyces scabies) que Russet Burbank. Tiene resistencia moderada al virus Y de la papa (PVY). Los tubérculos de Wallowa Russet son menos susceptibles a la infección y pudrición causados por el tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans) que los de Russet Norkotah y Ranger Russet. Wallowa Russet presenta menos corazón vacío, corazón negro, magulladuras en forma de puntos y menor cantidad de grietas de crecimiento que Russet Burbank, pero es más susceptible a las lesiones con fisuras del tejido. El contenido de Vitamina C es mayor en Wallowa Russet (30.4 mg/100g de peso fresco) que en Russet Burbank (21.9) o Russet Norkotah (22.0), y un promedio de 5.6% de contenido de proteína comparado con 4.7% y 4.9% de Russet Burbank y Russet Norkotah respectivamente.