Beatriz Simões Valente

Compostagem de resíduos da filetagem de pescado marinho e casca de arroz

The objective of this study was to evaluate two proportions of marine fish residues and rice hulls on both the efficiency of composting process and the final quality of compost. Two treatments were tested: T1 – 3kg of rice husks and 1kg of marine fish residues; and T2 – 3 kg of rice husks and 3kg of marine fish residues. The following analysis were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the composting process: biomass temperature, moisture, ash, pH, mineralization index of compost, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and the total concentration of organic matter, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. Data were analyzed through ANOVA and polynomial regression and the averages were compared by SNK test at 5%. The results showed that rice husks provided immature composts at the end of 90 days of composting. Therefore, they should not be used as a structuring agent if the goal is to producing organic fertilizer. The structuring agent may be reused a larger number of times for composting of residues of marine fish, allowing that a higher proportion suffer decomposition through composting. The composting process is a technological efficient alternative to the decomposition of marine fish residues.

Eficiência do SISCODE e da aeração passiva no tratamento de resíduos da produção animal no município de Capão do Leão/RS

A trial was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of composting of residues system and passive aeration for treating animal residues in Capao do Leao, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A low-density polythene film covered up a laterally opened structure was used. Such structure was to protect six plastic and glass fiber boxes. The study was carried out with two treatments, which were constituted by a mixture of liquid bovine residues and wood shaving; and a mixture of liquid bovine residues and poultry litter. SISCODE is efficient for transformation of the liquid in solid residues, given that local high-relative humidity and the low environmental temperature do not affect such residues treatment system. Passive aeration is not efficient for both evaporating excess of water and oxygenating composting substrates. Therefore, it should not be used for composting a mixture of liquid and solid residues from animal production.

PRODUÇÃO DE FARINHA DE MINHOCA DA ESPÉCIE EISENIA FETIDA (SAVIGNY, 1826) COMO FERRAMENTA NA GESTÃO DE ESTERCOS

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a producao de farinha de minhoca da especie Eisenia fetida como ferramenta na gestao de estercos. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com tres tratamentos, constituidos por 100 % esterco bovino (T1), 100% esterco equino (T2) e 100 % esterco de capivara (T3), cada um com cinco repeticoes. Foram inoculadas em cada unidade experimental, 50 minhocas adultas e cliteladas da especie Eisenia fetida . As amostras coletadas foram submetidas as analises de nitrogenio total, proteina bruta, fosforo total, potassio e calcio total. Os resultados demonstraram que a producao de farinha de minhoca e uma importante ferramenta na gestao de estercos, nao apresentando nenhuma limitacao de natureza ambiental. Os substratos esterco bovino, equino e de capivara resultam em uma farinha de minhoca com alto teor de proteina bruta. A composicao proteica e mineral da farinha de minhoca sao dependentes da qualidade e da forma de armazenamento do esterco. O planejamento da criacao animal deve contemplar um local adequado de armazenamento de esterco a fim de manter a qualidade do substrato fornecido as minhocas.

Impactos ambientais dos resíduos sólidos no município de Pelotas/RS: Um olhar fotográfico

O objetivo do estudo foi demonstrar os impactos ambientais dos residuos solidos no municipio de Pelotas/RS atraves de fotografias. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso, tendo como base a percepcao ambiental atraves do dispositivo do olhar dos investigadores sobre os impactos ambientais dos residuos solidos nas regionais do Fragata, Centro e Porto. As analises das imagens fotograficas demonstram que a disposicao inadequada dos residuos solidos causa impactos ambientais no municipio de Pelotas e acarreta problemas sociais, ambientais, economicos e administrativos. O gerenciamento dos residuos solidos e ineficiente e deve ser melhorado. A populacao deve realizar a segregacao, o acondicionamento e a disposicao correta dos residuos domiciliares. A coleta seletiva e a reciclagem devem ser priorizadas para uma correta gestao dos residuos solidos da cidade. Sao necessarios programas de educacao ambiental que contemplem os diferentes âmbitos da sociedade para que seja alcancado o desenvolvimento sustentavel do municipio e a melhoria da qualidade de vida da populacao.

Percepção da Comunidade Acadêmica da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sobre a Coleta Seletiva no Município de Pelotas/RS

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a percepcao da comunidade academica da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sobre a coleta seletiva no municipio de Pelotas. O estudo foi realizado atraves de pesquisa exploratoria, sendo classificada como estudo de caso. O questionario estruturado com seis perguntas de multipla escolha foi respondido por 90 pessoas do âmbito universitario. A analise das respostas demonstrou que ha necessidade de implementacao de uma acao continua, permanente e concisa nas diferentes esferas da sociedade pelotense, que abranja todas as idades e classes para que o resultado da coleta seletiva possa ser significativo. O poder municipal deve se comunicar com a populacao em todas as etapas do gerenciamento dos residuos domiciliares, atraves de um trabalho educativo na dimensao da educacao ambiental visando a conscientizacao e a colaboracao de toda a comunidade.

COMPOSTAGEM COMO FERRAMENTA DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DE CARCAÇAS DE CODORNAS

A trial was conducted to evaluate composting as a tool for environmental management of quails’ carcasses. A completely randomized design was used with two treatments and four replications. The proportions of residues were: 1kg of carcasses of quails: 1kg of wood shavings (T1) and 1kg of carcasses of quails: 1kg of wood shavings: 1kg of avian bed (T2). The temperature of composting mass was evaluated during 35 days of composting. The following analyses were performed: pH, moisture, total organic matter, ash, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and C/N ratio. According to the results herein obtained, 0.30m height wood boxes are not adequate for composting of carcasses of quails. The utilization of avian bed from one lot of broilers as inoculum speeds up the decomposition of a mixture of wood shavings and quails’ carcasses.

Gerenciamento de resíduos em clínicas veterinárias do município de Pelotas/RS

Objetivou-se investigar o gerenciamento de residuos em clinicas veterinarias do municipio de Pelotas/RS. Foi utilizada a metodologia de abordagem qualitativa em 15 estabelecimentos, escolhidos aleatoriamente em diferentes regioes da cidade de Pelotas. A coleta das informacoes foi realizada utilizando-se a tecnica de entrevista estruturada, atraves de um questionario contendo perguntas sobre aspectos do gerenciamento dos residuos de saude. Os resultados demonstram que o gerenciamento de residuos realizado pelas clinicas veterinarias nao atendem aos criterios e procedimentos estabelecidos pela legislacao vigente, sendo a situacao desconhecida pelo Servico de Vigilância Sanitaria do municipio de Pelotas/RS. A Vigilância Sanitaria Municipal deve fiscalizar mais efetivamente as clinicas veterinarias do municipio de Pelotas/RS. Alem disso, ha necessidade de um trabalho articulado e simultâneo de divulgacao e conscientizacao direcionado a medicos veterinarios, abordando as implicacoes legais, ambientais, mercadologicas e sanitarias pertinentes ao gerenciamento dos residuos de servicos de saude.

TREATMENT OF INEDIBLE POULTRY CARCASSES THROUGH COMPOSTING

A trial was conducted to evaluate the treatment of inedible poultry carcasses through composting. Physical and chemical transformations of biomass were monitored during 180 days of composting. A completely randomized design was used and data were subjected to ANOVA and polynomial regression at 5%. Moisture was not a conditioning factor for efficiency of second stage of composting, highlighting the significance of intermittent revolving of composting material. Poultry litter supplied nitrogen (N) for the microorganisms, hence should not be used as a carbon (C) source for composting of inedible poultry carcasses and must be replaced for materials containing a high C:N ratio. The mixture of inedible poultry carcasses and poultry litter resulted in a low initial C:N ratio, leading to volatilization of N and, as a consequence, increasing C:N ratio during the whole composting process. As a result, additional time was needed for proper stabilization of biomass. The final compost showed a high pH and therefore may be used for correcting acid soils. Composting process increased nutrients concentration in the biomass. The values herein obtained were within limits of environmental legislation of some countries, such as Brazil (Normative Instruction No25/2009). In conclusion, composting is an alternative for ecologically correct disposing of inedible poultry cuts and ought to be used for poultry producers and industry, helping achieving its environmental sustainability.

COMPOSTING FOR MANAGING DOGS’ CORPSES

A trial was conducted to evaluate the contribution of composting for managing dogs’ corpses. Treatment was carried out in a composting cell (2.20m length, 1.70m width, 1.20m height and 2.50m ceiling). Corpses and wood shavings were mixed at 2:1 ratio. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and polynomial regression and the means were compared by the Student Newman Keuls test at 5%. The results showed that composting is an efficient alternative for managing of dogs’ corpses and that more than 90 days are needed for its complete decomposition. The intact structure of wood shavings at the end of process along with the high C/N ratio during the 90 days of composing suggests that a higher proportion of the proteic source could have been used

Percepção de alunos de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia da FAEM/UFPEL a respeito de sua capacitação para a docência

This study aims to investigate the contribution of the Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science of Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM) from Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL) for the formation and the teaching practice from the perspective of some of its students. The study is characterized as qualitative and of the ethnographic kind. A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview applied to six doctorate students from the Program were used for the data gathering. Through the analysis of convergence and divergence of the obtained answers, it was noticed that the feeling of insecurity and discomfort was present during the first teaching experience of all interviewees. However, they emphasize the oriented teacher training as one of the strengths of their training within the Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science. Still, the students are aware that the teacher professionalization is not based on the perspective of trial and error as a result of the learning they have with their own students. They believe in the necessity of including pedagogical knowledge in the professionalization of the teaching profession, even if they often do not know what they are. They also suggest that pedagogical subjects are inserted into the educational curriculum of the Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science, being taught by professors from the Education field.