Victor Fernando Büttow Roll

Uso de cal virgem para o controle de Salmonella spp. e Clostridium spp. em camas de aviário

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of quicklime (CaO) for reducing Salmonella and Clostridium spp. population in used litter from floor pens of broilers. Four treatments were tested: (T1) control (without quicklime); (T2) 300g quicklime m-2; (T3) 600g quicklime m-2; and (T4) 900g quicklime m-2. The following average pH values were observed 12 days after adding quicklime: 8.95, 9.91, 10.75 and 11.11 for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. An 82 and 97% reduction in the most probable number Log10 (CFU) of Salmonella and Clostridium spp, respectively, was observed when 300g m-2 of quicklime was added to the used litter from floor pens of broilers. Additionally, a 100% reduction was obtained when both 600 and 900g m-2 of quicklime were added, differing significantly from control (before adding quicklime). A progressive reduction in water activity (from 0.2 to 3.82%) was observed when growing levels of quicklime were used. In conclusion, even the lowest level of quicklime added to litter from floor pens of broilers reduces the most probable number of Salmonella and Clostridium spp.

Growth performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition and blood serum metabolites of broiler chicken fed on diets containing flaxseed oil

Abstract 1. This study evaluated the effects of diets with partial and total substitution of soya bean oil (SO) with flaxseed (linseed) oil (FO) on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition and blood serum metabolites. 2. A total of 448 one-d-old Cobb 500 broiler chicken were used. They were allotted among 4 treatments with 8 replications, using a completely randomised design, for 35 d. Four diets were compared: T1 = 100% SO (3%, 1–7 d; 4%, 8–21 d; and 5%, 22–35 d); T2 = 50% SO + 50% FO; T3 = 25% SO + 75% FO and T4 = 100% FO. 3. No significant differences were observed in body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and blood serum metabolites (total triglycerides, TRI; total cholesterol, CHO; high-density lipoprotein, HDL; low-density lipoprotein, LDL; glucose, GLU; albumin, ALB; globulin, GLO; and total proteins, TPs). Significant effects were observed for TRI, CHO, HDL, GLU, HDL, LDL, ALB and GLO with regard to the day of collection. 4. Carcass traits did not show significant differences for the treatments. No significant differences were observed for breast and drumstick chemical compositions, with the exception of drumstick fat concentration (quadratic effect). 5. In conclusion, the partial or total substitution of SO with FO did not affect growth performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition or blood serum profile in broiler chicken. Therefore, FO can be an alternative to SO in the diet formulation for broiler chicken.

Floor versus cage rearing: effects on production, egg quality and physical condition of laying hens housed in furnished cages

The influences of floor- and cage-rearing on egg production, egg quality and physical condition were investigated in laying hens housed in furnished cages. Two groups of 180 Isa Brown commercial layer pullets were reared in cages (CR) or floor pens (FR) and transferred to furnished cages, where their production, egg quality and physical condition was observed throughout the laying period (18-78wks of age). At 17 weeks of age, hens were placed in one of 36 furnished cages with 10 birds in each cage, each containing a nest box, perches, a dust bath, and abrasive strips. From 19 to 78 weeks of age, egg production data were collected daily. Commercial egg quality was assessed monthly. At, 19 and 78 weeks of age, claw length and feather cover were visually assessed using a four-point scale in a sample (10%) of hens. Production variables were above breeders’ standards and not significantly affected by rearing system. Dirty eggs and cracked eggs were more frequent in FR birds. Meat spots were significantly more frequent in FR hens at middle lay, but less frequently at the end of the laying period. Rearing system did not influence egg and yolk weight or unit Haugh and shell colour. Among FR hens, eggshell density, thickness and mass were significantly lower at the end of the laying period. Rearing system did not affect claw length, but the plumage of FR hens was negatively affected at the end of production cycle.

Efeito da duração do tratamento com progestágeno e da maturidade sexual na taxa de prenhez em novilhas de corte: avaliação econômica e biológica

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of the duration of progestagen (P4) exposure and sexual maturity of prepubertal and pubertal heifers submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI). A hundred and fourteen 16- month old Bradford heifers were classified, according treatment and sexual maturity, in 4 groups: PPLPG (prepubertal long exposure to P4, n=21), PPSPG (prepubertal short exposure to P4, n=19), PLPG (pubertal long exposure to P4, n=34) and PSPG (pubertal short exposure to P4, n=40). On day -8, the heifers from PPLPG (prepubertal long exposure to progestagen) and PLPG (pubertal long exposure to progestagen) received an intravaginal sponge impregnated with medroxiprogesterone acetate (MAP). On day 0 the sponge was removed and a new sponge was inserted, together with an injection of 2.5 mg estradiol benzoate (EB). On day 8 the sponge was removed and the heifers received an injection of 0.5 mg EB and 250 ig sodium cloprostenol. The TAI was performed 54 hours after sponge withdrawal. The heifers from PPSPG and PSPG received the same synchronization treatment, except for the additional MAP from day -8 to day 0. The pregnancy rate was higher in pubertal (60.3%) than in pre-pubertal (35.0%) heifers. However, there was no effect of the duration of treatment in the pregnancy rate between pubertal and prepubertal heifers. The second part of this study aimed to evaluate the economical return of the protocols and compare them with the traditional breeding system at 26 months of age. A better economic response with the use of protocols associating P4 in heifers at 16 months was observed compared to the traditional system at 26 months of age. The prolonged exposure to P4 did not improved pregnancy rate in heifers submitted to TAI.

Carcass yield and meat quality in broilers fed with canola meal.

Abstract 1. This study evaluated the effects of canola meal in broiler diets on carcass yield, carcass composition, and instrumental and sensory analyses of meat. 2. A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb broilers were used in a 35-d experiment using a completely randomised design with 5 concentrations of canola meal (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) as a dietary substitute for soya bean meal. 3. Polynomial regression at 5% significance was used to evaluate the effects of canola meal content. The following variables were measured: carcass yield, chemical composition of meat, and instrumental and sensorial analyses. 4. The results showed that carcass yield exhibited a quadratic effect that was crescent to the level of 18% of canola meal based on the weight of the leg and a quadratic increase at concentrations up to 8.4% of canola meal based on the weight of the chest. The yield of the chest exhibited a linear behaviour. 5. The chemical composition of leg meat, instrumental analysis of breast meat and sensory characteristics of the breast meat was not significantly affected by the inclusion of canola meal. The chemical composition of the breast meat exhibited an increased linear effect in terms of dry matter and ether extract and a decreased linear behaviour in terms of the ash content. 6. In conclusion, soya bean meal can be substituted with canola meal at concentrations up to 20% of the total diet without affecting carcass yield, composition of meat or the instrumental or sensory characteristics of the meat of broilers.

INFLUÊNCIA DA ALTURA DE COMEDOUROS TUBULARES NO COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

O objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar o efeito da altura de comedouros tubulares sobre o comportamento de frangos de corte. Foram alojados 880 frangos de corte femeas Ross divididos em 40 boxes (repeticoes) com 22 aves cada (11 aves/m2). Nos boxes, a cama foi de cepilho de madeira, com bebedouros lineares de agua corrente e comedouros tubulares com capacidade para 18 kg de racao. As aves foram submetidas a duas alturas de comedouro em dois periodos diferentes (28-35 dias de idade, comedouro alto (CAL): borda superior do comedouro com 20 cm do solo, comedouro baixo (CB): borda superior com 11 cm do solo; 36 a 42 dias de idade - CAL: borda superior com 25 cm do solo, CB: borda superior com 18 cm do solo). Para verificar a descricao geral do comportamento das aves foi utilizada a tecnica de amostragem instantânea scan sampling e no estudo do comportamento de ingestao das aves (monitorado durante 12 h consecutivas) utilizou-se como ferramenta de registro microcâmeras instaladas simultaneamente em 4 boxes. No teste de preferencia os frangos individualmente ou coletivamente deveriam escolher entre um comedouro alto ou um comedouro baixo disponiveis ao mesmo tempo dentro do box. Foi utilizado um delineamento completamente casualizado sendo que as medias das variaveis respostas foram comparadas atraves do teste t ou estatistica nao parametrica quando necessaria. Os frangos de corte preferem consumir racao em comedouros tubulares regulados a baixa altura. A utilizacao de comedouros baixos reduz a frequencia de visitas ao mesmo, sendo inversamente proporcional ao tempo de ingestao de alimentos, porem sem afetar ao consumo total de racao.

An assessment of the effectiveness of four in-house treatments to reduce the bacterial levels in poultry litter

Although the use of quicklime (CaO) and tarping are common handling practices aimed at the reuse of litter in the Brazilian poultry industry, few scientific studies have proven the effectiveness of these methods in reducing the pathogenic microbial load during fallowing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the following litter treatments: T1 no treatment (control), T2 quicklime (300 g m(-2)), T3 tarping, T4 tarping+quicklime (300 g m(-2)). The litter samples were collected on day zero and on the sixth and twelfth days after the start of fallowing. The use of quicklime alone or quicklime+tarping was more effective (P<0.05) in reducing bacteria when compared to litter tarping. Except for the control group, all treatments resulted in a more than 84% reduction in the count of colony-forming units (CFUs) at the end of fallowing. It is concluded that the use of quicklime alone in practical terms is the most indicated treatment for the reduction of the bacterial load of poultry litter.

PERFIL METABÓLICO, HEMATOLÓGICO E COMPORTAMENTAL DE POEDEIRAS SUPLEMENTADAS COM PANAX GINSENG

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical, hematological and behavioral profile of hens supplemented with a commercial Panax ginseng product during initial hens laying cycle. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments which consisted in different levels of P. ginseng (T1: control, without P. ginseng; T2: 1.9; T3: 3.8; T4: 5.7 and T5: 7.6 mg/hen/day) in a total of 70 birds housed in 35 cages with seven replicates per treatment. The basal diets were prepared using corn and soybean meal in agreement with the nutritional values established by the breeder manual. To predict the effect of different levels of P. ginseng on biochemical and hematological traits the regression analysis was used. The Dunnett test was used in each P. ginseng levels to compare to the control treatment. Ethological parameters were evaluated using chi-square analysis. No significant difference was found in hen’s hematological profile in all periods evaluated. In metabolic parameters was observed higher level of phosphorus in hens receiving 7.6 mg/hen/day of P. ginseng at second and third period and albumin was observed only in the last period when compared to the control group. Cholesterol level was higher in hens receiving 1.9 and 3.8 mg/hen/day of P. ginseng in comparison with the control treatment. In ethological parameters vigilant behavior was more frequent in control group, preening in the group receiving 7.6 mg/hen/day and drinking in the intermediate levels of P. ginseng (3.8 and 5.6 mg/hen/day). The supplementation with P. ginseng up to 7.6 mg/hen/day do not change the hematological profile. Only small variations in the metabolic parameters and behavior frequency of the hens receiving ginseng could be expected.

Desempenho e perfil metabólico de cordeiros confinados utilizando casca de soja associada a diferentes fontes de nitrogênio não-proteico

The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of the use of soyabean hulls associated with two sources of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) on the finishing of feedlot lambs. Eighty crossbred Suffolk non-castrated lambs aging 69±6 days and weighing 23.11±1.78 kg were used. Lambs were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups according to the NPN source: conventional urea (1%); protected urea; 1% protected urea + 0.5% conventional urea; and a control group, which did not receive urea supplementation. Blood samples were collected weekly to determine the plasma concentrations of urea, albumine, γ-glutamiltransferase (GGT), calcium and phosphorus. The control group had higher average daily gain and final weight than protected urea and protected urea + conventional urea groups; however, it did not differ from the conventional urea group. No differences between the groups were observed for dry matter intake, feed conversion or warm carcass yield and carcass finishing. Regarding the serum protein profile, the o group fed conventional urea had higher serum concentration of urea than that of protected + conventional urea. Urea supplementation did not improve the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets with high level of soybean hulls.

Eficiência do SISCODE e da aeração passiva no tratamento de resíduos da produção animal no município de Capão do Leão/RS

A trial was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of composting of residues system and passive aeration for treating animal residues in Capao do Leao, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A low-density polythene film covered up a laterally opened structure was used. Such structure was to protect six plastic and glass fiber boxes. The study was carried out with two treatments, which were constituted by a mixture of liquid bovine residues and wood shaving; and a mixture of liquid bovine residues and poultry litter. SISCODE is efficient for transformation of the liquid in solid residues, given that local high-relative humidity and the low environmental temperature do not affect such residues treatment system. Passive aeration is not efficient for both evaporating excess of water and oxygenating composting substrates. Therefore, it should not be used for composting a mixture of liquid and solid residues from animal production.