Marcos Antonio Anciuti

Growth performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition and blood serum metabolites of broiler chicken fed on diets containing flaxseed oil

Abstract 1. This study evaluated the effects of diets with partial and total substitution of soya bean oil (SO) with flaxseed (linseed) oil (FO) on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition and blood serum metabolites. 2. A total of 448 one-d-old Cobb 500 broiler chicken were used. They were allotted among 4 treatments with 8 replications, using a completely randomised design, for 35 d. Four diets were compared: T1 = 100% SO (3%, 1–7 d; 4%, 8–21 d; and 5%, 22–35 d); T2 = 50% SO + 50% FO; T3 = 25% SO + 75% FO and T4 = 100% FO. 3. No significant differences were observed in body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and blood serum metabolites (total triglycerides, TRI; total cholesterol, CHO; high-density lipoprotein, HDL; low-density lipoprotein, LDL; glucose, GLU; albumin, ALB; globulin, GLO; and total proteins, TPs). Significant effects were observed for TRI, CHO, HDL, GLU, HDL, LDL, ALB and GLO with regard to the day of collection. 4. Carcass traits did not show significant differences for the treatments. No significant differences were observed for breast and drumstick chemical compositions, with the exception of drumstick fat concentration (quadratic effect). 5. In conclusion, the partial or total substitution of SO with FO did not affect growth performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition or blood serum profile in broiler chicken. Therefore, FO can be an alternative to SO in the diet formulation for broiler chicken.

PROPOLIS: A NATURAL PRODUCT AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR DISINFECTION OF EMBRYONATED EGGS FOR INCUBATION

During the cooling process of embryonated eggs, there is a natural air flux from the surface to the inner part of the eggs, carrying contaminants such as bacteria and fungi through the shells pores, infecting embryos and resulting in the inability to hatch or poor chick quality. Formaldehyde, a toxic product, is still the most used disinfectant for embryonated eggs in the aviculture industry. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the green propolis ethanolic extract as an alternative to formaldehyde, 140 hatching eggs from laying hens were collected and submitted to disinfection with five different treatments: T1 - without disinfection; T2 - formaldehyde fumigated eggs; T3, T4 and T5 disinfection by immersion in propolis solution in the concentrations of 2,400 µg, 240 µg and 24 µg, respectively. The contamination levels by total mesophiles and fungi of the egg shells (Aspergillus sp. and other moulds) after disinfection with propolis were lower than when compared to the control without disinfection. In comparison with formaldehyde, the 240 µg and 24 µg propolis concentrations did not differ regarding antibacterial activity, but for antifungal activity the 2,400 µg and 240 µg concentrations were more efficient. The 2,400 µg and 240 µg propolis treatments presented a hatching rate of 94.1%, compared to only 84.6% for the formaldehyde treatment. The green propolis ethanolic extract presented antibacterial and antifungal activities in embryonated eggs showing that it can be a new natural disinfectant product substituting formaldehyde.

INFLUÊNCIA DA ALTURA DE COMEDOUROS TUBULARES NO COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

O objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar o efeito da altura de comedouros tubulares sobre o comportamento de frangos de corte. Foram alojados 880 frangos de corte femeas Ross divididos em 40 boxes (repeticoes) com 22 aves cada (11 aves/m2). Nos boxes, a cama foi de cepilho de madeira, com bebedouros lineares de agua corrente e comedouros tubulares com capacidade para 18 kg de racao. As aves foram submetidas a duas alturas de comedouro em dois periodos diferentes (28-35 dias de idade, comedouro alto (CAL): borda superior do comedouro com 20 cm do solo, comedouro baixo (CB): borda superior com 11 cm do solo; 36 a 42 dias de idade - CAL: borda superior com 25 cm do solo, CB: borda superior com 18 cm do solo). Para verificar a descricao geral do comportamento das aves foi utilizada a tecnica de amostragem instantânea scan sampling e no estudo do comportamento de ingestao das aves (monitorado durante 12 h consecutivas) utilizou-se como ferramenta de registro microcâmeras instaladas simultaneamente em 4 boxes. No teste de preferencia os frangos individualmente ou coletivamente deveriam escolher entre um comedouro alto ou um comedouro baixo disponiveis ao mesmo tempo dentro do box. Foi utilizado um delineamento completamente casualizado sendo que as medias das variaveis respostas foram comparadas atraves do teste t ou estatistica nao parametrica quando necessaria. Os frangos de corte preferem consumir racao em comedouros tubulares regulados a baixa altura. A utilizacao de comedouros baixos reduz a frequencia de visitas ao mesmo, sendo inversamente proporcional ao tempo de ingestao de alimentos, porem sem afetar ao consumo total de racao.

Desenvolvimento do sistema digestório de frangos de corte alimentados com farinha de batata doce

Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento do sistema digestorio de frangos de corte alimentados com farinha de batata doce em substituicao parcial ao milho, com ou sem suplementacao de um complexo enzimatico. Cento e cinquenta pintos de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, foram alojados em 40 boxes de duas baterias metalicas onde permaneceram ate os 28 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, com tres niveis de farinha de batata doce (0, 20 e 40%) e dois do complexo enzimatico (0 e 200 g/ton), com 5 repeticoes de 5 aves por tratamento. Aos 14, 21 e 28 dias de idade, foram pesadas e sacrificadas por deslocamento crânio-cervical, 5 aves por tratamento, para avaliacao alometrica do coracao, figado, proventriculo e moela e biometrica do duodeno, jejuno, ileo, colon-reto e cecos. Os dados foram submetidos a analise da variacao e regressao polinomial. O aumento de farinha de batata doce em substituicao ao milho na dieta de frangos de corte interfere negativamente no peso corporal e no desenvolvimento de orgaos. A suplementacao do complexo enzimatico nao in- fluencia a alometria de orgaos e a biometria intesti- nal dos frangos de corte.

Suplementação de extrato de levedura na dieta de poedeiras: qualidade de ovos

This study aimed to evaluate levels (0, 1, 2 and 3%) of yeast extract product (NuPro®) on internal and external quality of eggs. A total of 240 Hy Line W36 layers (47 to 75 weeks of age) were allocated in 60 cages (4 birds per cage) and divided into 15 cages per treatment. Egg weight, specific gravity, shell weight and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk and albumen weight were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and polynomial regression. A p<0.05 was required for statements of significance. Specific gravity and eggshell weight were statistically influenced by dietary yeast extract. Results indicated that addition of 1.4% NuPro® resulted in better specific gravity.

Condição microbiológica de cama tratada com Impact P® em matrizes de frangos de corte

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of Impact P® in used litter from floor pens of broiler breeders through the monitoring of microbiological parameters. Impact P® is a commercial product obtained from Bacillus subtillis and it enzymes. Using animal litter and organic matter as a feed source, the product was designed to improve the quality of floor pens of broiler breeders. When hens aged 58 weeks, all used floor pens material was replaced with a new one and the following treatments were tested: T1 - control; T2 - 2.5g Impact P® m-2 litter; T3- 5.0g Impact P® m-2 litter. Counting of number of enterobacterium colonies in agar Mac-ConcKey was performed in a sample of new floor pens material and after 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days of litter treatment with Impact P®. The statistical analysis was accomplished with the General Linear Models - GLM procedure, using the minimum square method in a 3x4 factorial (treatment vs. time of floor pens utilization), in a completely randomized design with four replications. The averages were compared by Tukey test. The utilization of 5.0g Impact P® m-2 litter was efficient to reducing approximately 13% logarithmic total counting of the enterobacterium in comparison to the untreated group (2.89 versus 3.31log10 (CFU), respectively, P<0.05).

TREATMENT OF INEDIBLE POULTRY CARCASSES THROUGH COMPOSTING

A trial was conducted to evaluate the treatment of inedible poultry carcasses through composting. Physical and chemical transformations of biomass were monitored during 180 days of composting. A completely randomized design was used and data were subjected to ANOVA and polynomial regression at 5%. Moisture was not a conditioning factor for efficiency of second stage of composting, highlighting the significance of intermittent revolving of composting material. Poultry litter supplied nitrogen (N) for the microorganisms, hence should not be used as a carbon (C) source for composting of inedible poultry carcasses and must be replaced for materials containing a high C:N ratio. The mixture of inedible poultry carcasses and poultry litter resulted in a low initial C:N ratio, leading to volatilization of N and, as a consequence, increasing C:N ratio during the whole composting process. As a result, additional time was needed for proper stabilization of biomass. The final compost showed a high pH and therefore may be used for correcting acid soils. Composting process increased nutrients concentration in the biomass. The values herein obtained were within limits of environmental legislation of some countries, such as Brazil (Normative Instruction No25/2009). In conclusion, composting is an alternative for ecologically correct disposing of inedible poultry cuts and ought to be used for poultry producers and industry, helping achieving its environmental sustainability.

Resíduos da indústria de etanol e de biodiesel na alimentação animal

1 D.Sc., Médica Veterinária – Universidade Federal de Pelotas 2 Prof. Ph.D., Médico Veterinário – Universidade Federal de Pelotas 3 Prof. D.Sc., Médico Veterinário – Instituto Federal Sul rio-grandense Campus Pelotas – CaVG 4 Engenheira Agrônoma – Universidade Federal de Pelotas 5 M.Sc., Engenheira Agrônoma – Universidade Federal de Pelotas *Autor para Correspondência. E-mail: julianaklug@yahoo.com.br

Glucomanano esterificado e selênio orgânico em frangos alimentados com dietas com aflatoxinas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sterified glucomannan absorbent of mycotoxin and organic selenium add to corn-soy diets contaminated with aflatoxins on growth performance, carcass and cuts yield, and macroscopic lesions on visceral organs of broilers. A total of 784 broilers were subjected to a completely randomized block design, including 4 treatments and 7 replicate with 28 birds each treatment. Birds fed diets with aflatoxins and supplemented with glucomannan in combination with organic selenium, showed better weight gain and less macroscopic lesion. The use of glucomannan improved feed intake. Feed conversion, mortality, carcass yield and relative organ weight (except the liver) were not influenced by dietary treatments. These results indicate that diets with aflatoxins affect adversely growth performance, carcass characteristics and macroscopic lesion of broilers. However, the supplementation with sterified glucomannan in combination with organic selenium in diets with aflatoxins improves growth performance and decrease macroscopic lesion.

EFEITO DO ADSORVENTE A BASE DE GLUCOMAMANO ESTERIFICADO NO DESEMPENHO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO VISCERAL DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de um adsorvente de micotoxinas constituido a base de glucomanano esterificado (GME) adicionados a dieta a base de milho e soja contaminados com aflatoxina (AF) sobre o desempenho, caracteristicas de carcaca e lesao macroscopicas de orgaos viscerais de frangos de corte. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com 2 niveis de AF e 2 niveis de GME, ou seja, 4 tratamentos de 7 repeticoes com 28 aves cada, totalizando 784 aves. Aves alimentadas com dietas contendo aflatoxina apresentaram menor no ganho de peso, consumo de racao, aumento do peso relativo do baco, coracao, moela e proventriculo e maior incidencia de lesoes no baco quando comparadas com aves recebendo dietas sem contaminacao por aflatoxina . Nao houve efeito significativo do adsorvente a base de glucomanano esterificado sobre as variaveis de desempenho, caracteristicas de carcaca, peso relativo dos orgaos e percentagem de lesao macroscopica nos orgaos, com excecao da mortalidade (P dietas contaminado com aflatoxina afeta negativamente o desempenho produtivo, caracteristicas de carcaca e orgaos de frangos de corte e que a inclusao do adsorvente GME em dietas de frangos de corte contendo milho contaminado com AF nao alterou o desempenho e caracteristicas de carcaca de frangos de corte. Palavras-chave: aflatoxina , adsorvente , consumo de racao, ganho de peso, lesao macroscopica ABSTRACT The objective of this study was evaluate the effect of sterified glucomannan adsorbent of mycotoxin add to corn-soy diets contaminated with aflatoxin (AF) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and macroscopic lesion on visceral organs of broiler chickens. A total of 784 birds were subjected to a completely randomized block design, including 4 treatments and 7 replicates with 28 birds each per treatment. The birds receiving diets contaminated with AF showed lower body weight gain, feed consumption, higher relative spleen, heart, gizzard and proventriculus weight and higher spleen lesions compared with birds receiving diets without AF. Performance, carcass characteristics, relative organ weight and macroscopic organ lesion were not affected by dietary treatments exception to mortality (P supplementation with sterified glucomannan in diets with AF no affect the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers chickens. Keywords: aflatoxin , adsorbent, feed intake, weight gain, macroscopic lesion.