Benjamim de Souza Nahúm

Variáveis fisiológicas de búfalas leiteiras criadas sob sombreamento em sistemas silvipastoris

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of silvipastural systems as a management option to maintain physiological features of dairy buffaloes and to provide higher levels of thermal comfort. Fifty-six adult females (79±44.12 months; 575±92.90 kg) were evaluated: 30 in an unshaded silvipastural system and 26 in a silvipastural system with 19.9% of shaded area. Heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature and animal comfort index were evaluated weekly. Means were submitted to analysis of variance, and meteorological and physiological data were correlated by Pearsons method. Shading significantly reduced heart rate and rectal temperature. In 71.4% of the observations, the animals kept in the silvipastural system with shaded area showed thermal comfort index closer to the ideal level. Shading maintains the physiological parameters of dairy buffaloes closer to normal, and improves the animal comfort index. The adoption of silvipastural systems for buffalo production in tropical areas can avoid energy loss due to thermolysis.

Conforto ambiental de bezerros bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758) em sistemas silvipastoris na Amazônia Oriental

Foi analisado o efeito de dois sistemas silvipastoris nos indices de conforto ambiental e alteracoes nos parâmetros fisiologicos de bezerros bubalinos criados na Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Belem-PA (clima Afi), no Periodo 1 (abril a setembro/2007) e Periodo 2 (outubro/2007 a marco/2008). Foram inseridos onze bezerros no Sistema Silvipastoril 1 (SSP1), que apresentava sombreamento util nas pastagens de 18 a 21%, e oito no Sistema Silvipastoril 2 (SSP2), sem sombreamento, com lago para banho. Foram mensuradas as variaveis fisiologicas: temperatura retal (TR), frequencia respiratoria (FR), temperatura da pele (TP), e calculados o Indice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) e Indice de Conforto de Benezra (ICB), nos dois periodos experimentais, comparados pelo Teste Tukey (P < 0,05). O ITU apresentou diferenca estatistica entre horarios (P < 0,05) e periodo do ano (P < 0,05), e oscilou de 73,5 ± 1,3 ate 82,2 ± 0,8. A TR apresentou diferenca estatistica entre horarios e periodos do ano (P < 0,05), com amplitude de 38,3 ± 0,26 a 39,3 ± 0,38 °C. A FR apresentou diferenca significativa entre horarios (P < 0,05), com amplitude de 32,2 ± 9,2 a 56,5 ± 19,0 mov min-1, consideradas acima dos niveis normais, enquanto a TP foi diferente estatisticamente entre periodos e horarios (P < 0,05) e variou de 23,6 ± 8,3 a 31,7 ± 5,4 °C. Nos Periodos 1 e 2 e nos dois SSPs, os ICBs estiveram acima do valor ideal, variando de 2,46 ± 0,33 a 3,31 ± 0,62 (SSP1) e 2,42 ± 0,30 a 3,45 ± 0,66 (SSP2).

Conforto térmico de búfalas em sistema silvipastoril na Amazônia Oriental

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of a silvipasture system on the thermal comfort of 20 female buffaloes, from which 10 raised in under nonshaded paddocks (SS) and 10 in paddocks shaded by Racosperma mangium (CS), in Belem county, PA, Brazil. All animals were fed in pastures with Urochloa humidicola, and had free access to drinking water and mineral salt. Every three days, measurements were made for air temperature (TA), relative humidity ( UR ), black globe temperature (TGN), rectal temperature (TR), respiratory rate (FR), heart rate (FC), and body surface temperature (TSC), in the morning (7 AM) and in the afternoon (1 PM). The values of TR, TSC, RR and FR, mainly for the SS group, were higher in the afternoon. The TR, TSC and FR showed a significant and positive correlation with TA and the temperature and humidity index (ITGU), and a negative correlation with UR . These correlations were higher for the less rainy period. The FR showed significant and positive correlations with TA and ITGU, during both the most and the less rainy seasons, and negative correlations with UR only in the rainy season. The forestation of pasture areas is efficient to increase the thermal comfort for Murrah females, especially in the afternoon.

Adição de óleo de palma na dieta sobre a lipidemia e a qualidade do sêmen de bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis)

O estudo visou investigar o efeito da suplementacao dietetica com oleo de palma sobre o perfil serico lipidico e as caracteristicas seminais de touros bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis), bem como suas correlacoes. Doze touros foram alocados no Grupo CONT (n=5) ou Grupo OLEO (n=7) e receberam alimentacao isoproteica composta por silagem de milho e concentrado (milho triturado, farelo de trigo e ureia), com proporcao volumoso/concentrado de 50%, durante 130 dias (Periodos 1 e 2). Diferencialmente, oleo de palma foi adicionado ao concentrado (2% MS) do Grupo OLEO. Semen e sangue foram colhidos quinzenalmente. Houve aumento nas concentracoes sericas de colesterol, HDL e lipidios totais nos animais do Grupo OLEO, enquanto o periodo influenciou nas taxas de colesterol, LDL, lipidios totais e VLDL (P<0,05). Houve decrescimo no turbilhonamento e discreta reducao na integridade de membranas nos animais do Grupo OLEO (P<0,05). Correlacoes significativas foram encontradas entre triglicerideos e defeitos menores (r=-0,412; P=0,006), LDL e defeitos totais (r=-0,333; P=0,030), lipidios totais e defeitos menores (r=-0.366; P= 0,017), lipidios totais e defeitos totais (r=-0.309; P= 0,046), e VLDL e viabilidade espermatica (r=0,381; P=0,012), apontando efeitos positivos da maior lipidemia na morfologia e na viabilidade espermatica. O uso de oleo de palma alterou o perfil lipidico serico, mas nao favoreceu per se os parâmetros seminais relacionados com o potencial de fertilidade dos touros.

Carcass quality of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) finished in silvopastoral system in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

Avaliou-se a influencia da dieta sobre a qualidade de carcaca de bufalos mesticos das racas Murrah e Mediterrâneo, alimentados com concentrado tradicional - milho/soja - ou residuos agroindustriais - tortas de coco e dende. Os animais foram sacrificados em abatedouro comercial, e realizadas analises fisicas e fisico-quimicas na carcaca, apos 24 horas, e de cor e textura instrumentais no musculo Longissimus dorsi, apos 48 horas de resfriamento. Os animais suplementados com a torta de dende adquiriram melhor conformacao de carcaca e acabamento de gordura, e observaram-se diferencas (P<0,05) no percentual de gordura na carcaca e na espessura de gordura de cobertura.

DESENVOLVIMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE SORVETE DE IOGURTE SIMBIÓTICO, DE LEITE DE BÚFALA ENRIQUECIDO COM POLPA DE AÇAÍ (EUTERPE OLERACEA MART.)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um sorvete de iogurte simbiotico enriquecido com polpa de acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart), elaborado com leite de bufala. O leite, devidamente filtrado, desnatado e pasteurizado a 90 °C por cinco minutos, foi acrescido de 1% de prebiotico (inulina), 0,5% de cultura lactea (probiotico) e 8% de sacarose e seguiu para fermentacao por cerca de quatro horas ate atingir pH 4,6. Apos, o iogurte foi dividido para obter quatro formulacoes de sorvete, F1 - com gordura vegetal e corante; F2 - com gordura vegetal sem corante; F3 - com nata e corante e F4 - com nata sem corante, para verificar a gordura mais acessivel e o comportamento do consumidor em relacao a adicao de corante. Na avaliacao das caracteristicas fisico-quimicas, a F1 se destacou significativamente (p 0,05). De acordo com a analise microbiologica os derivados estavam adequados para consumo humano. Assim, a elaboracao do sorvete de iogurte enriquecido com acai, e viavel pela sua funcionalidade e valor agregado, com uso de nata ou gordura vegetal e adicao de corante.

Nutritional value of palm kernel cake for ruminants

(table 1) show a significant difference according to the type of leaf and the incorporation rate (P , 0.001). The increase of foliage incorporation rate did not affect the DM intake for sweet potatoes and cocoyam; in contrast the DM intake decreased when the incorporation rate of cassava and erythrina leaves increased. These differences could be explained by differences in chemical composition (fibre content). At 35% incorporation rate, the highest ingestibility was measured for sweet potatoes and the lowest for erythrina; Intermediate values were found for cassava and cocoyam. On a DM basis, the presentation form influenced palatability of leaves only for cocoyam and erythrina. When fresh materials were fed to the pigs, the ingestion significantly decreased from 70% in cocoyam (P , 0.05) and increased from 50% for erythrina (P . 0.05) (Figure 1a). On a fresh basis, the best ingested material was the sweet potatoe foliages followed by the cassava and erythrina foliages (Figure 1b). Conclusion According to our results, the palatability of tropical forages changes according to the plant species. These differences were probably related to differences in dietary fibre content and in secondary metabolites. Sweet potatoes appear to be the most suitable to be used as a fresh forage meal in pigs. The low palatability of fresh cocoyam leaves was probably related to the presence of oxalic acid. For sweet potatoes, cassava and erythrina leaves, the drying process did not improve their palatability. These results suggest that sweet potatoes, cassava and erythrina leaves could be given to pigs without any treatment to partly or completely cover their protein requirements.

Associação da medroxiprogesterona ao protocolo Ovsynch para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo de búfalas cíclicas (Bubalus bubalis) criadas na Amazônia Oriental

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association of medroxyprogesterone with the Ovsynch protocol on the follicular growth, ovulation, and conception rate of buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon (Tracuateua-PA). Twenty-seven cyclic, non-lactating females (G1 n=14 and G2 n=13) with a 3.5 BCS were synchronized with the Ovsynch. Animals from G2 received a supplementation of 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone from D0 to D7 (D0=starting day of treatment). Ultrasonography evaluation on ovaries was realized on Days 0, 7, 9, and 10. A significant effect of treatment on follicle number was observed on D7 (G1: 4.57±0.60 versus G2: 6.54±0.67; P=0.05). Time and treatment influenced follicular diameter on D7. The growth of the dominant follicular was increased from D7 to D9 on treated females (G1: 2.05±0.49 mm/day versus 3.48±0.41 mm/day; P 0,05). The findings suggest that medroxyprogesterone: (1) increases follicular recruitment and inhibits the growth of follicles whose diameter was larger than 5.0mm from D0 to D7; (2) the withdrawal of medroxyprogesterone speeds up follicular growth 1.7 fold from D7 to D9; (3) would probably contribute to the ovulation of larger follicles thereby forming more luteal tissue; (4) does not stimulate early ovulation after Ovsynch; and (5) does not elevate the conception rate after the synchronization of cyclic females with good body condition, and should be evaluated for the utilization in acyclic/reduced BCS females.