Benjamin Lührs

Impact of Cloud Encounter Mitigation Procedures on Operational and Economic Effectiveness of HLFC Aircraft

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of cloud encounter mitigation procedures on operational and economic effectiveness of aircraft with hybrid laminar flow control (HLFC) based on real-world flight routes and weather data. The objective is to evaluate whether cloud mitigation procedures are an appropriate measure to maximize the expected benefit of HLFC-technology under realistic meteorological boundary conditions. A global analysis of cloud encounter on typical airline routes has been conducted based on atmospheric data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Different routing procedures have been benchmarked against each other and the most appropriate procedure for daily flight operation will be discussed. For optimizing the daily route planning of HLFC aircraft with respect to cost (direct routing with cloud Encounter and performance losses vs. re-routed flightpath) models for lateral trajectory optimization and calculation have been applied.

Are Climate Restricted Areas a Viable Interim Climate Mitigation Option over the North Atlantic

In order to achieve global environmental goals like the 2-degree-target, as well as to reduce longer-term emission levels, mitigation measures have to be introduced, preferably as early as possible. In aviation, the implementation of the most promising mitigation strategies, e.g. climate optimized routing, is linked with several technical challenges. An early introduction of interim mitigation strategies, which bridges the time period until most auspicious approaches reach market maturity, may pave the way for a prompt reduction of aviations induced global warming. Within this study, climate restricted airspaces (CRA) are de�ned in analogy to military exclusion zones. Climate cost functions (CCF) characterize the environmental impact caused by an aircraft emission at a certain location and time. To estimate the monthly climate sensitivity of an area, CCFs are derived with the climate-response model AirClim. Within this study, we close regions with climate sensitivities greater than a threshold value for a period of time (e.g. a month) and a�ected ight trajectories are re-routed cost optimally around them. The evaluation of the climate impact mitigation potential of climate restricted areas is performed based on optimal control techniques. Monetary costs are integrated into the cost functional of the Trajectory Optimization Module (TOM). Further, high penalties are introduced within restricted airspaces in order to ensure the avoidance of CRA. The cost-bene�t potential (climate impact mitigation vs. rise in operating costs) for this interim mitigation concept is investigated for varying threshold values for the closure of airspace and compared with climate optimized trajectories (COT) for di�erent routes and seasons of the year.

Cost-Benefit Assessment of Climate-Restricted Airspaces as an Interim Climate Mitigation Option

Within this study, climate-restricted airspaces are defined in analogy to military exclusion zones. Airspaces are closed if the climate sensitivity of an area exceeds a threshold value, and affecte...