Bogdan Ovidiu Varga

Energy management of electric and hybrid vehicles dependent on powertrain configuration

Electric and hybrid vehicles are going to become the most reliable source of transport for future years. The CO2 and NOx targets in Euro 6 normative puts the producers of vehicles in a dilemma, whether to adapt the internal combustion engines further, or to develop hybrid or electric power trains that are going to reach the pollution limit of the future norms or to go below that. Before acting a well-developed strategy in determining the optimum power flow has to be developed by producers; CRUISE software is a tool with the unique and special characteristics to determine the optimum in this highly important area.Whether electric vehicle, electric vehicle with range extender or a hybrid with CVT or planetary gearbox, the complexity of the mathematical modules remains the same, giving the developer the possibility to create complex functions and distinctive characteristics for each component of the vehicle.With such a powerful tool it becomes extremely easy to evaluate the energy flow in all directions, from electric machine to the battery, from electric machine to the power generator, and from the electric machine to the internal combustion engine. Applying to the (Electric Vehicle, Electric Vehicle with Range Extender, Hybrid vehicle with CVT, Hybrid vehicle with planetary gear set) the ECE-15 in a virtual environment (urban driving cycle) the simulation results show a different usage, rate of storage and efficiency concerning the energy, this being dependent of the power train configuration in most part.

Validation Procedure for Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle via Hardware in the Loop - Real Time Testing

This paper studies the behavior of a vehicle’s power-train model developed using IPG CarMaker software applications and connected to the testbed with IC Engine by Hardware in the Loop (HiL) real time testing methodology, for the homologation (due date 2017) driving cycle Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP).

Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle’s Performance

This paper presents a comparative study about the performance of a classic, hybrid and electric bus by computer simulation using AVL Cruise software. The simulation tasks include main energetic, functional and dynamic parameters, over the usual city bus drive cycle. Based on the simulation results, a comparative analysis was performed for the three models of buses used for urban passenger transport. Hybrid and electric vehicles have been developed with the aim of saving energy, reducing local pollutant emissions and can be considered to offer the best short term to mid-term promise. The impact on the fuel economy generally improves by more than 50 % in urban passenger’s traffic using hybrid buses.

Development and Implementation of the Hybrid and Electric Systems Architecture Through Methods of Numerical Analysis

The theory that is presented in Chapter 3 represents the mathematical models developed by AVL CRUISE team and points out the characteristic of each vehicle component used in the models created in the following chapters.

Study Case: Comparative Analysis Regarding the Buses Used for Urban Public Transportation for People Within Cluj-Napoca Municipality

The present situation within the Public Transportation Company (CTP—Compania de Transport Public) is as follows.

Simulation in the Loop of Electric Vehicles

The objective of this chapter is to underline the importance of pre‐production and prototyping simulation in the loop of electric vehicles, by considering as many vehicle characteristics as possible. Basic simulations were made, using IPG CarMaker, to simulate electric vehicles with different properties for batteries, transmission, electric motors, aerodynamics of the vehicle, and most importantly, driver properties. This chapter also explains all the necessary steps to create a model and run it in IPG CarMaker, including data exports, so that the results could be reproduced easily. This chapter underlines the importance of batteries and answers the questions: what is the correct number of batteries that a vehicle must equip in order to have a bigger range? Basically, one should carry more batteries that add weight but at what range in price.

Comparative Evaluation for Using Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems in Urban Transportation with Buses

The identification of some optimal routes following the determinations made locally, in the current context, of reaching and applying the strategy objectives of Cluj-Napoca municipality authorities of promoting a common transport sustainable from the point of view of minimizing the pollutant emissions into the atmosphere by adopting some optimal solutions of partially replacing the existing bus fleet, needs creating an initial analysis of direct emissions of pollutants as compared to the EURO 0–EURO 6 pollution norms. The norms are regulated through the EC Regulation no. 595/2009.

Energetic Efficiency of Vehicles Equipped with Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) are equipped with both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, thus using two different sources of energy. Each of these engines can transmit the torque to the wheels through a parallel and/or mixed series system.

Virtual Infrastructure Design of the Routes Used in Computer Simulations

AVL Road Importer is an AVL CONCERTO™ option. The purpose of this option is to convert any GPS data or x, y data of a real road into a format readable by AVL CONCERTO™.

Design of Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems in the IPG TruckMaker Software Application

A virtual vehicle is a model created based on a mathematical system of a real vehicle, the model having the technical-functional characteristics identical to the model from the real world. The virtual model is build based on the parameterized data which reflect the constructive properties of the studied vehicle.