Dan Moldovanu

Studies Regarding the Influence of Exhaust Backpressure on the Performances of a Compression Ignited Engine

This paper presents some of the researches made on a compression ignited engine, in order to establish the influence of the exhaust backpressure (that can be caused by the existence or clogging of the catalytic converter, or by the SCR catalyst or the particle filter or by the noise reduction tubing itself) on the performances of a CI engine. The research was made on a ultramodern test bed inside the TestEcoCel Laboratory (Test, Research and Certification of Internal Combustion Engines) that work on biodiesel, of the Automotive and Transport Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Graphs, values and results were obtained through experimental measurements on the test bed and evaluated using specific software.

Research Applied to Exhaust Gas After-Treatment Systems in 1.6 L Zsg 416 Ford Engine

In the present paper it is synthesized an applied study of the influence that exhaust gas after-treatment systems have upon the power output, engine torque, fuel specific consumption (due to the back-pressure in the exhaust) by testing a modern Ford engine (type ZSG 416), and converting it to a virtual simulation software—Lotus Engine Simulation. The first main objective of the present paper is the comparison of the experimental practical values with the software simulation results and outlining the significant differences. The second main objective is the modification of the initial engine-test-bench by decreasing and also increasing the exhaust back-pressure through the configuration of exhaust gas after-treatment system configuration (minimum back-pressure resistance—no exhaust pipe; standard after-treatment components; clogged catalyst in after-treatment system—high back-pressure) in order to outline the influence on the power and torque curves. In conclusion, the after-treatment system influence on the engine behavior may be altered by catalyst clogging and cleaning (thus the engine operation in all available regimes is needed) and also by mounting an exhaust flaps which can be controlled by modifying its translation inside the gas exhaust pipe.

Simulation in the Loop of Electric Vehicles

The objective of this chapter is to underline the importance of pre‐production and prototyping simulation in the loop of electric vehicles, by considering as many vehicle characteristics as possible. Basic simulations were made, using IPG CarMaker, to simulate electric vehicles with different properties for batteries, transmission, electric motors, aerodynamics of the vehicle, and most importantly, driver properties. This chapter also explains all the necessary steps to create a model and run it in IPG CarMaker, including data exports, so that the results could be reproduced easily. This chapter underlines the importance of batteries and answers the questions: what is the correct number of batteries that a vehicle must equip in order to have a bigger range? Basically, one should carry more batteries that add weight but at what range in price.

Direct Injection of Diesel and Ethanol in a Diesel Engine - A Numerical Analysis

The objective of this study is to obtain an insight inside the combustion chamber of a Diesel engine running with a blend containing 90 % v/v Diesel and 10 % v/v Ethanol (D90E10) compared to pure Diesel (D100) operation. Since the experimental conditions are kept the same for both cases the simulation boundary conditions are almost identical. Following the calibration of the model and the analysis of in-cylinder images it was noted that the start of injection for the D90E10 case is slightly advanced while the total duration remains the same. Combined with an improved combustion this led to higher in-cylinder pressure and temperature values which increased the NO emissions. However, the soot emissions reduced.

Experimental Research Regarding the Possibility of Biofuel Fumigation Supply Method on a Single Cylinder Compression Ignited Engine

Limits and specific disadvantages of using the conventional fossil fuels, as well as their high price for the individual customer and the environmental impact of their incomplete combustion are some of the main reasons for taking new steps in research and development of new recipes, materials and methods regarding the fuel supply for internal combustion engines. The present paper encompass the research developed at Automotive Engineering and Transports Department in Technical University from Cluj-Napoca regarding the innovative possibilities for biofuel supply in compression ignited engines by a fumigation method on a laboratory engine test bed. There were recorded and studied the engine speed, torque variation at different operating regimes. The obtained results from the conducted research are analyzed and discussed in close detail. The bio-fuel fumigation method is compatible with the available diesel engine and has a positive effect upon few behavior features in testing operation.

Theoretical and Practical Analysis of the in-Cylinder Tumble Motion

The present paper presents a comparative analysis of the in-cylinder tumble motion of the fluid (and because it is a SIE, the fluid is actually air mixed with gasoline) using an existing design from a Volkswagen Polo engine (type AWY), and introducing it to a CFD simulation software (AVL FIRE). The objective of the paper is first of all to compare the practical testbench measurements to the simulation results and see the differences. Then, modify the standard testbench by mounting a tumble flaps and also modify the intake port angle (larger with 5° and smaller with 5°) to see the in-cylinder tumble movement and alignment. The existent controlled motions inside the cylinder were presented, like tumble, swirl and squish, along with the methods and ways to analyze all these motions. There are more methods of analyzing the motion of the air inside the cylinder, like using a cross-correlation digital Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) (non-intrusive, but most expensive), or by using a paddle wheel mounted inside the cylinder (highly intrusive, low cost), or by mounting an anemometer inside the cylinder (moderately intrusive but the influence is the same for all measurements—systematic error, low cost), and the most equilibrated from the indication precision/cost point of view, a point-like built anemometer (low intrusiveness and low cost).

The Influence of Exhaust Backpressure Upon the Turbocharger’s Boost Pressure

The authors present their studies that were conducted in order to analyze the behavior of the turbocharger of a compression ignition engine while the exhaust was obstructed at different levels to simulate the influence of different levels of exhaust backpressure upon the charging device. The goal was to measure in what way and to what extent is the behavior of the turbocharger influenced by the backpressure caused by a flap, introduced in the exhaust line of the analyzed engine. Tests were carried out on a four cylinder 1.9 dm3 turbocharged Diesel engine fitted to an active dyno. A special flap in the exhaust line, operated by PUMA Open was used to simulate different backpressure values from 0 up to 570 mbar additional pressure. During the test, at each engine speed power, torque, fuel consumption, intake pressure, room pressure, intake pressure and temperature before and after turbocharger was measured and stored. The results of the investigations show a clear dependence of the exhaust backpressure related to turbocharger performances. Exhaust lines can be tuned for certain engine speed domains which are given by the internal combustion engine’s destination.

Loop Powertrain Simulation

This chapter unites all information from previous chapters’ simulations in IPG CarMaker simulation environment. Is starting with the virtual vehicle environment import, the main GUI, vehicle configuration, body configuration, suspensions, steering gear ratio, brakes, tires, and powertrain. A special attention is dedicated to the importance of how to configure the maneuvers, road and driver, and simulated environment. Also, how to create a CRUISE—CarMaker co-simulation is presented, with all interfaces, and possible results can be obtained for an electric model.

Hybrid Powertrain Configuration Model and Simulation

This chapter presents the modelling and simulation of a hybrid vehicle with CVT model in AVL CRUISE, starting from the configuration of the basic model: from IC Engine, E-Machine, and battery to the final drive and wheels. Detailed explications are given about how to run a simulation, to use result manager and how to export all simulation results, together with examples of graphs that can be obtained from such a simulation.

Classical Powertrain Configuration Model and Simulation

In this chapter, the full creation and simulation of a classic IC Engine with CVT model and an automatic FWD model is presented (starting from the configuration of the basic model from the IC Engine to the final drive and wheels). It presents the necessary steps to run a simulation, to use data from result manager, to create energy flow graphics, and how to export all simulation results.