Bruna Broti Rissato

Fungitoxicity activity of Phosphorus and Calcarea carbonica against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and control of white mold in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with extremely diluted aqueous solutions

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the main Brazilian agricultural crops. Numerous diseases have affected such a crop during its life cycle, such as white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This fungus is quite aggressive and requires an intensive use of pesticides. This study aimed at evaluating white mold control and antimicrobial activity against S. sclerotiorum using extremely diluted aqueous solutions of Phosphorus and Calcarea carbonica, at 6CH, 12CH, 24CH, 36CH and 48CH dynamizations (centesimal Hahnemannian). The tests were carried out in a completely randomized design, with 10 treatments and 5 replicates each, considering water as control. Variables including disease progression, the number of dead plants, the number of sclerotia, and mycelial growth were evaluated by in vivo and in vitro tests. The treatments Phosphorus 12CH, Phosphorus 48CH, Calcarea carbonica 12CH, and Calcarea carbonica 48CH presented resistance-inducing action by slowing down the disease progression up to 83% and decreasing the number of dead plants up to 90%. In vitro tests showed that the treatments Phosphorus 12CH, Phosphorus 48CH and Calcarea carbonica 48CH slowed down the mycelial growth. The latter also completely inhibited the production of sclerotia. These results indicate the potential of Phosphorus 12CH, Phosphorus 48CH, Calcarea carbonica 12CH, and Calcarea carbonica 48CH for controlling S. sclerotiorum in common beans.

Atividade antioxidante e enzimática em morangos (Fragaria vesca L.) tratados termicamente combinados com ácido salicílico

Postharvest strawberry treatments are needed to induce resistance and increase the shelf life without loss of quality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of postharvest heat treatment in combination with salicylic acid in the antioxidant activity, enzymatic and incidence of fungi in the strawberry during storage. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x4 factorial design with four replications. Strawberries grow Dover were subjected to the following treatments: heat treatment (45 ° C for 3 h in an oven), application of salicylic acid (immersion for five minutes in 2.0 mM aqueous solution), combination of heat treatment with salicylic acid and control (untreated). Were stored for 1, 7, 14 and 21 days under refrigeration at 5 ° C with 90-95% relative humidity. The enzymatic activity of peroxidase (POD) occurred in the initial period of 1 to 7 days of storage strawberries treatment heat and with salicylic acid. Regarding the combination of salicylic acid and heat treatment occurred enzymatic activity in the presence of fungi. For polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, heat treatment showed an oscillation of activity, while salicylic acid and the combination of and salicylic acid with treatment heat showed no significant differences, and showed constant activity of PFO. For the treatment with salicylic acid the strawberries showed only 5% fungal incidence. The antioxidant activity of strawberries treated with salicylic acid was high in all periods except at 21 days.

Efficiency of commercial products for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary in soybean cultivar NS 5909 RG

The constant assessment of methods of disease control is essential in achieving production regularity and for ongoing increments in soybean productivity. Among the various diseases, the intensity of the white mold has been increasing, caused especially by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The present work has the objective to assess different seed treatments in association with fungicide application to control the white mold in soybean. The experimental design used was complete randomized blocks design with split plots. In the plots, the treatments were: control - no seed treatment; Certeza® (thiophanate methyl + fluazinam 45 + 60 g ha-1) and Trichodermil® (Trichodermaharzianum ‘1306’ 1.250 mL 100 kg-1 - 109 viable spores mL-1). In each seed treatment, the application was done on aerial part of subplots.The treatmentsin aerial part were: control (with no fungicides application); three applications of Derosal® (carbendazim) 1.000 gi.a./ha-1 in R1, R2 and R5.1; three applications of Cercobin 700 WP® (thiophanate methyl) 600 gi.a./ha-1 in R1, R2 and R5.1;Cercobin 700 WP® (thiophanate methyl) in R1, Sumilex (procimidone) 750 gi.a./ha-1 in R2 and Frowncide (fluazinam) 750 gi.a./ha-1 in R5.1.There were assessments on the emergence and height of the plants in V3 and the severity of the disease at the phenological stages R1, R3, R5.5 and R7. The variables thousand-grain weight, productivity and the economic analysis were determined after the harvesting of the plots. The treatments of seeds with thiophanate methyl+ fluazinam and Trichoderma harzianum and the applications of thiophanate methyl, procimidone and fluazinam on the aerial part stood out in the control of the disease. The net income showed that despite the high cost of the plant protection products, there were increases in the profitability of the crop. Key words: White mold, Glycine max, Economic analysis.