Carlos Eduardo Camargo Nogueira

Análise de um sistema de aquecimento de água para residências rurais, utilizando energia solar

The awareness of the importance of the environment has stimulated the study of new renewed energy sources and less pollutant. Amongst these sources, solar energy stands alone for being perennial and clean. The use of solar energy in systems of agricultural residential water heating, can complement the economy of electric energy, base of the Brazilian energy matrix. Knowing the factors that influence the operation of a system of water heating by solar energy is important in determining their technical viabilities targeting their distribution in agricultural residences. To evaluate equipment of water heating for solar energy, a prototype was constructed in the campus of Assis Gurgacz College, in Cascavel,State of Parana, Brazil, with similar characteristics to equipment used in residences for two inhabitants, to function with natural circulation or thermosiphon and without help of a complementary heating system. The equipment revealed technical viability, reaching the minimum temperature for shower, of 35 °C, whenever the solar radiation was above the 3,500 Wh m-2, for the majority of the studied days.A conscientizacao da importância do meio ambiente tem incentivado o estudo de novas fontes energeticas renovaveis e menos poluentes. Dentre essas fontes, a energia solar destaca-se por ser perene e limpa. A utilizacao da energia solar em sistemas de aquecimento de agua residencial rural pode colaborar com a economia de energia eletrica, base da matriz energetica brasileira. Conhecer os fatores que influenciam na operacao de um sistema de aquecimento de agua por energia solar e importante na determinacao de sua viabilidade tecnica, visando a sua difusao em residencias rurais. Para tanto, construiu-se um prototipo, no câmpus da Faculdade Assis Gurgacz, em Cascavel - PR, com caracteristicas similares a um equipamento utilizado em residencias para dois habitantes, para funcionar com circulacao natural ou termossifao e sem auxilio de sistema de aquecimento complementar. O equipamento mostrou-se viavel tecnicamente, alcancando a temperatura minima para banho de 35 °C, sempre que a radiacao solar foi superior a 3.500 Wh m-2, o que aconteceu para a maioria dos dias estudados.

Avaliação econômico-financeira da microgeração de energia elétrica proveniente de biogás da suinocultura

One of the biggest sources of energy available in rural areas is biomass and agribusiness. The same appears in the form of plant and animal residues such as crop residues, animal manure, energy crops and agro-industrial effluents. These residues can be used by the farmer or agribusiness for direct burning in order to produce heat or production of biogas. Swine production generates large amounts of wastes causing environmental problems if left untreated. The same has lot of methane. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production cost of electricity through biogas from swine manure. It was found that the best option for the producer is selling carbon credit when the production cost of electricity is viable when sold to utility power. The best condition was found to generate 20 h d-1, when the time for return on investment is 8 years and the production of electricity is R

Auditoria energética em uma agroindústria de laticínios

120.11 kWh.

Fuel specific consumption and emission analysis in a cycle diesel motor generator using diesel and biodiesel from waste frying oil blends

The focus of this research is a case study concerning an Energy Auditing that was conducted in a dairy agribusiness located in the city of Guaira, in the extreme west of the state of Parana. In this context, this research aimed to: perform an energy auditing of its facilities by analyzing the energy consumption associated with the processes, systems, and existing equipment, to identify and quantify the loads installed in agribusiness, energy consumed and checking the power demanded in each of them and determine the potential for energy conservation for the existing final uses at the company, by identifying opportunities to implement measures thus optimizing the use of energy, and perform an economic feasibility study that aims to implement the energy efficiency measures. After analyzing the energy demands and the equipment installed in the agribusiness, it is highlighted the possibilities of increasing the supply of electricity only reducing waste in the manufacturing sector. The economic analysis indicates a payback of 30 months and Internal Rate of Return of 3.93% per month. With the implementation of the proposed interventions, it is obtained a reduction of 11,490.50 kWh month-1 (monthly savings of 7.26%).

Effect of Hydroxy (HHO) Gas Injection in a Gasoline Electric Generator for Rural Areas

One of the main fuels that can be helpful in emissions reduction when compared with diesel oil is the biodiesel. Moreover, it is a renewable fuel and may be obtained from different animal fat and vegetable oil. The purpose of this work was to evaluate fuel specific consumption and emission of exhaustion gases using the biodiesel produced from waste frying oil in a cycle diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) to produce electrical energy. The used motor generator has a power of 7.36 kW (10 HP) and 5.5 kVA /5.0 kW of nominal power. The used fuel was composed of a biodiesel and diesel oil blend and the following proportion in biodiesel composition was used: 0% (B0), 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 20% (B20), 50% (B50) and 100% biodiesel (B100). The nominal load applied varied between 0.5 and 5.0 kW. The analysis test was just performed with (B0) and (B100) blends. To quantify the gases emission, combustion and emission analyzer were used. The quantified gases were: CO, NO, NOx and SO 2 . Generally, the utilization of biodiesel from waste frying oil showed fuel specific consumption statistically similar to that of the diesel oil. It was observed that the biodiesel from waste frying oil provided an emission reduction of combustion gases. Key words: Combustion, energy production, biofuel.

Energetic assessment of soybean biodiesel obtainment in West Paraná, Brasil.

This study aimed to evaluate how the HHO gas injection from an electrolyser, conventional bipolar type, works inside a motor-generator fueled with gasoline for utilization in rural areas. After the injection of HHO gas together with gasoline, the parameters of exhaust gases, exhaust temperature, pollution expelled, specific consumption of the engine and excess air, were checked and compared. The main results allowed the evaluation of the engine, when it was fueled with gasoline and HHO gas, which had a better performance than that when fed only with gasoline. The results showed that the engine consume less gasoline and generate fewer pollutant gases when in operation with the injection of HHO gas without the need of radical changes in the engine design.

Sizing and simulation of a photovoltaic-wind energy system using batteries, applied for a small rural property located in the south of Brazil

This work presents the result of a research that aimed to assess soybean-based biodiesel production in the West region of Parana State, showing that the growing usage of these fuels happens due to the need for alternatives to the use of fossil fuels, once biomass-based fuels have been an environmentally-friendly energetic alternative. The methodology consisted of determining the energetic consumption of biodiesel production. Energetic consumption was performed by considering the stages involved in soybean farming, oil extraction and production of pure biodiesel (B100); results were presented in megajoules (MJ). The energetic outputs obtained show that the energetic inputs in the farming stage totalized 2,411.53 MJ. Energetic outputs added up to 3,003.75 MJ and energy balance was 57,132.54 MJ. In the oil extraction stage, energetic inputs corresponded to a total of 16.80 MJ and energetic outputs to 17.29 MJ. Energetic balance presented a total of 5.14 MJ. In the soybean biodiesel production stage, energetic input was 59.06 MJ and energetic output, 39.69 MJ. Energetic balance corresponded to 33.26 MJ. The highest energetic consumption for soybean biodiesel production, contemplating all three stages, occurred in the farming stage, with 76% of the total energetic consumption, followed by energetic consumption in the production stage, with 21% of the total consumption. Keywords: Soybean production, energetic consumption, soybean biodiesel. African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(29) 3008-3016