Reinaldo Aparecido Bariccatti

Degradação fotocalítica de bentazona com TiO2

This study evaluated the oxidative degradation of the post-emerging herbicide Basagran(r) 600 by photolysis and photocatalysis using TiO2 as catalyst, and both processes were compared in their efficiency. The experiments were done irradiating aqueous solutions of the herbicide in a slurry type reactor. The treatments were accompanied by spectrophotometry in the UV-visible range observing the band centered in 335 nm. The first process showed rather ineffective, being observed minimal reduction of the absorbance values. On the other hand, the second process was much more efficient, being observed, after 270 min of irradiation, 100% absorbance reduction of the band in the choose wavelength. This process followed pseudo-first-order kinetic and the estimated rate constant (k) was 0.0116 min-1.

Fuel specific consumption and emission analysis in a cycle diesel motor generator using diesel and biodiesel from waste frying oil blends

One of the main fuels that can be helpful in emissions reduction when compared with diesel oil is the biodiesel. Moreover, it is a renewable fuel and may be obtained from different animal fat and vegetable oil. The purpose of this work was to evaluate fuel specific consumption and emission of exhaustion gases using the biodiesel produced from waste frying oil in a cycle diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) to produce electrical energy. The used motor generator has a power of 7.36 kW (10 HP) and 5.5 kVA /5.0 kW of nominal power. The used fuel was composed of a biodiesel and diesel oil blend and the following proportion in biodiesel composition was used: 0% (B0), 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 20% (B20), 50% (B50) and 100% biodiesel (B100). The nominal load applied varied between 0.5 and 5.0 kW. The analysis test was just performed with (B0) and (B100) blends. To quantify the gases emission, combustion and emission analyzer were used. The quantified gases were: CO, NO, NOx and SO 2 . Generally, the utilization of biodiesel from waste frying oil showed fuel specific consumption statistically similar to that of the diesel oil. It was observed that the biodiesel from waste frying oil provided an emission reduction of combustion gases. Key words: Combustion, energy production, biofuel.

Fotoquímica e fotofísica do ácido 1,4-bis(3-carbóxi-3-oxo-prop-1-enil)benzeno

This work deals of spectroscopy characterization of the 1,4-bis(3-carboxy-3-oxo-prop-1-enil)benzene acid, a possible metal ion complexant compound. An aqueous solution of the title compound was irradiated using a 80W mercury lamp and the photodegradation was followed by UV/VIS absorption spectra. The molar extinction coefficient determined was 36,457 L mol-1 cm-1 and degradation rate observed was 5.2x10-7 mol L-1 min-1, when the sample was irradiated in a quartz cuvette of 10mm optical path length and distant 7.0cm of the source of light.

Estudo de estabilidade do fosfato dissódico de prednisolona em condições de estresse oxidativo e térmico, em formulação oral

This work was to investigate the process of degradation of the drug Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate (FSP) in oral solution dosage form through the degradation experiments, evaluating the parameters in accordance with Resolution 899/2003 ANVISA and the degradation process of the drug. The method by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) developed for the determination of the drug was validated to demonstrate its applicability as an indicator of stability, ensuring reliability. After the method be validated to study the degradation of the drug, it was shown that drastic conditions of oxidative stress (H2O2 30%) and temperature 60 ° C, the degradation of the drug is dependent on its concentration (first order kinetics). The results were satisfactory, showing that this method is suitable to investigate the formation of degradation products in oral dosage form solution.

Degradação hidrolítica e fotoquímica da amoxicilina na presença de β-ciclodextrina

This work has like purpose monitors the degradation of the drug amoxicillin in the presence and absence of β-cyclodextrin, through techniques spectroscopy. For this, there was accompanied the hydrolysis of the drug protected of the light for around 400 hours. The results indicate that, initially, the cyclodextrin does not alter the hydrolysis of the amoxicillin, however, after 250 hours there is an increase of the hydrolysis of the amoxicillin when present at cyclodextrin. Another variable was the irradiation of the sample with radiation in the region of the UV, we see that the solutions containing β-cyclodextrin suffer a slower phototransformation (26,8%) than the solutions without β-cyclodextrin, when irradiated by UV radiation.

Lead adsorption and subsequent gasification with Pinus elliottii waste

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of Pinus wood waste in lead adsorption as a remediation technique in aqueous medium and its subsequent use in obtaining synthesis gas. Design/methodology/approach The capacity of the timber in the lead adsorption was studied in aqueous medium at various pH, determining the amount adsorbed in equilibrium. Then, the same timber was added in a fixed bed, co-current flow of two stage gasifier type, working temperature of 900°C, for obtaining synthesis gas. The synthesis gas composition was evaluated by the spectrophotometry in the infrared region and the gas chromatography and lead content in the ash and gas was determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Findings In laboratory tests carried out, the optimal pH for lead removal was pH 4 with 96.15 percent removal rate, reaching equilibrium after 180 min. In pilot scale the lead removal after 72 hours was 96 percent. The average production of syngas was 11.09 m³h−1. For tests with the motor-generator, the best condition occurred with charge of 2.0 kW, wherein gas consumption per kW produced reached 4.86 m³ kW−1, resulting in a 14.81 percent efficiency rate. The gas analysis showed an average concentration of 14.85 percent H2, 30.1 percent CO2, and 50.49 percent of atmospheric air. The concentration of lead in the gas was below the limit established by law. Pinus elliottii waste proved to be an excellent adsorbent, with removing more than 96 percent of the Pb ion present in aqueous solution and a starting material in the gasifier to generate synthesis gas. Research limitations/implications This paper describes the waste wood application in the treatment of contaminated environments and for obtaining syngas providing a sustainable process. Originality/value This paper shows a process that combines the remediation of contaminated environmental with power generation systems, allowing efficient management of contaminated environments.

Biogas production with co-digestion of sugarcane straw

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate straw modification by chemical degradation generated by two forms of pretreatment, using citric acid in an autoclave and urea solution with sodium hydroxide at low temperature. Design/methodology/approach The material was digested and compared in biodigester reactors lined with natural straw, straw pretreated with citric acid, straw pretreated with urea and NaOH, and straw subjected to both the pretreatments. The amount of straw has been delimited to 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent v/v, and used 20 percent v/v inoculum in all reactors, consisting of 30 percent v/v poultry litter and 70 percent swine wastewater (SW). The experiment was conducted in an incubator kept in mesophilic conditions (35°C). Findings The results indicate significant change in the studied material, with degradation of lignin as well as hemicellulose and cellulose exposed to further hydrolysis. Spectrophotometric methods were used for monitoring degradation. These methods were efficient in monitoring changes caused by the treatments. When the proposed pretreatments are applied to sugarcane straw, there is a significant gain in biogas production (L g VSR−1). The most appropriate rates for higher methane production in the pretreatments are 2.5 and 5 percent straw-SW. The best results for the anaerobic digestion of sugarcane straw were obtained by pretreating it with citric acid. Originality/value This paper shows a new use for the sugarcane straw waste after being pretreated with acid or base for the coproduction of biogas.

Synthesis and Application of Acetil-β-cyclodexitrin on Essential Oil

Abstract This work presents the structural modification of the β-cyclodextrin through acetylation reaction, the spectroscopic characterization of the product (acetyl-β-cyclodextrin) in the mid infrared region, NMR of 1H, 13C and DEPT135, and the use of these compounds on essential oil of clove as photoprotectors and reducers of evaporation loss. The photodegradation experiments were done in alcoholic solutions and both compounds showed good photoprotective properties, although β-cyclodextrin has presented a better performance. In the presence of 5x10-4mol L-1 of β-cyclodextrin was observed a reduction of 72 % in the degradation rate while for the acetyl derivative, in the same concentration, this rate was lowered in 38 %. On the other hand, acetyl-β-cyclodextrin showed very good results in the evaporation assays, lowering the mass loss in 52 % when compared with the oil without this derivative in the same experimental conditions. So, the results presented here point out acetyl-β-cyclodextrin applicability for the complexation of essential oil of clove, reducing its volatility and increasing its photochemical stability.

PRÉ-TRATAMENTOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL DE SEGUNDA GERAÇÃO

The increasing in ethanol production without expansion of plantation areas has been studied in Brazil, more intensively since the Proalcool initiative. The cellulosic biofuel is considered an alternative to expand this production in large scale for it does not only allow the use of sugar cane bagasse, as well as any lignocellulosic material, and uneatable plant parts, besides, the environmental appeal enables the short term production. One of the challenges is to improve the process of hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, once that he first presents an almost crystalline structure and the second has a less regular structure. This paper aims to report the main used pre-treatments aiming to expose the cellulose and hemicellulose for hydrolysis (saccharification). The greatest challenge is due to the metabolization of the polysaccharide that is gradually impaired as the complexity of its chain increases. The degradation of cellulose weaves a network of several possibilities including even the fuel production for jet aircraft. Even with the fact that this area of research is recent, there is already such a pilot plant for production and the first refineries installed went into operation in 2011, however, in order to spread and gain markets it will have compete with the powerful oil market.

Study of Heterogenious Catalysts in Transesterification of Soybean Oil Aiming Biodiesel Production

Heterogeneous catalysts represent a solution to some difficulties found in the biodiesel production. This work aims to study the effects of temperature and catalyst weight ratio in the transesterification reaction between soybean oil and methanol/ethanol in a heterogeneous medium. Some catalysts were tested, and one of those was the magnesium oxide doped with potassium hydroxide, which showed the highest yield of methyl ester and, therefore it was used for the next step of planning. A factorial design was made at two levels to evaluate the effect of temperature and catalyst level for both methanol and ethanol. A conversion of about 90% to esters was obtained as a result of methanol tests and a strong dependence of the temperature factor, and approximately 30% for tests with ethanol, demonstrating the greater reactivity of methanol. The model cannot be conclusive for planning invol-