Cátia Aline Veiverberg

Cultivo de jundiás alimentados com dietas com casca de soja ou de algodão

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of crude fiber on growth, digestive parameters, and yield and carcass quality of jundia (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles in net cages. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x3 factorial scheme (two sources - soy and cotton hull - and three levels of crude fiber: 4, 7 and 10%), with three replicates. Four hundred and fifty fishes (129.11± 7.8 g) were randomly distributed in 18 net cages (1 m3), at densities of 25 fish per cage, in 0.1 ha earth fishpond. The following parameters were evaluated: weight, total length, weight gain, biomass, survival, carcass and fillet yield, chemical composition of fillet, digestive and hepato-somatic indexes, intestinal quotient. No difference was detected in the growth performance. Fish fed with soy hull diets presented more fat and mineral accumulation on fillets. The sources and fiber levels tested do not affect jundias performance.

Alimentação de fêmeas de jundiá com fontes lipídicas e sua relação com o desenvolvimento embrionário e larval

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of feeding female South America catfish Rhamdia quelen with different lipids sources and their influence in embryo and larval stage. Twelve (12) female catfishes initial weight of 500g, distributed randomly among three (3) net-tanks and fed for ten (10) weeks were used. The female fishes were fed with three (3) different types of experimental diet containing lipid sources: Swine fat (BS), sunflower oil (OG) canola oil (OC). At hatch time, 10 larvae were collected from each net tank. One post larvae sample was collected at 12, 24, 36, 48 hours after hatch to verify measurement. Three samples were captured and raised in reuse water system during fourteen days (30 larvae L-1). The female reproductive performance and the larval development were not affected by the lipid sources tested. The data revealed that swine fat is as good as sunflower and canola oil as lipid sources for reproductive female catfishes and that they can provide excellent embryo and larval development.

Crescimento e alterações no fígado e na carcaça de alevinos de jundiá alimentados com dietas com aflatoxinas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das aflatoxinas sobre o crescimento de alevinos de jundia (Rhamdia quelen), e sua deposicao no figado e na carcaca de peixes alimentados com racao com diferentes teores da micotoxina. Foram utilizados 960 alevinos, em dois experimentos, o primeiro com duracao de 45 dias e o segundo com 35 dias. As instalacoes experimentais foram compostas por um sistema termorregulado de recirculacao de agua. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados os teores de 41, 90 e 204 ppb de aflatoxinas kg-1 de alimento e no segundo experimento, 350, 757 e 1.177 ppb de aflatoxinas kg-1 de alimento. Foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros: peso medio, comprimento total e padrao, rendimento de carcaca, fator de condicao, ganho diario, sobrevivencia e deposicao de aflatoxinas no figado e na carcaca. Observou-se, no primeiro experimento, diminuicao do peso e comprimento dos peixes alimentados com 204 ppb aflatoxinas kg-1. No segundo experimento, nao ocorreu diferenca significativa nas variaveis analisadas. A partir de 350 ppb kg-1, ocorreram alteracoes no figado e tecidos, sem comprometer o crescimento, durante os 35 dias.

Crescimento de jundiá e carpa húngara criados em sistema de recirculação de água

A study was conducted to evaluate growth, carcass yield and body composition of jundia and common carp raised in mono or duoculture in a recirculated water system, for 60 days, during the growing. Five treatments were tested with three replicates: 100C=100% carp; 100J=100% jundia, 50C50J=50% carp 50% jundia; 75C25J=75% carp 25% jundia and 25C75J=25% carp 75% jundia. Twenty fishes were distributed in each experimental unit. It was evaluated weight (W), total biomass (TB), condition factor (CF), feed conversion rate (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), carcass yield (YC), digestive-somatic index, hepatossomatic index, intestinal quotient and the proximate composition and body deposition of protein and fat. Considering jundia performance, no statistical difference was observed for W, CF and SGR (P>0.05). Common carp from treatment 25C75J showed the highest values (P<0.05) for these variables. The best FCR and TB values were obtained for 100J and 25C75J treatments. In both species, there were no differences for carcass yield or digestive indexes. Thus, the treatment 25C75J, composed by 25%carp and 75%jundia presented the highest final weight for carp and total biomass.

Desempenho e composição dos filés de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen) submetidos a diferentes dietas na fase de recria

Avaliaram-se o crescimento e a composicao dos files de juvenis de jundia apos 90 dias de alimentacao com dietas contendo diferentes fontes proteicas. Foram utilizados 540 peixes, peso inicial=15,0±0,62g; comprimento inicial=11,98±0,35cm, distribuidos ao acaso em 18 tanques (30 peixes/tanque) com sistema de recirculacao de agua. Foram testadas seis dietas: 1 - farinha de carne e ossos + levedura (CL), 2 - farelo de soja + levedura (SL), 3 - farelo de soja (S), 4 - farinha de carne e ossos + farelo de soja (CS), 5 - farinha de peixe + levedura (PL) e 6 - farinha de peixe + farelo de soja (PS). Avaliaram-se: peso, comprimento total, taxa de crescimento especifico, fator de condicao, sobrevivencia, conversao alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiencia proteica e consumo diario. Tambem foram analisadas as composicoes do file - umidade, proteina, lipidios, cinzas -, as taxas de deposicao de proteina e gordura, alem dos rendimentos de file e carcaca. Maiores pesos, 111,5 e 108,6g, comprimento total, 22,6 e 21,6cm, e taxa de crescimento especifico, 2,1 e 2,2%/dia, foram observados nos peixes alimentados com as dietas CS e PS. Os peixes alimentados com CS e PS tambem apresentaram maior deposicao de proteina, 69,8 e 71,5mg/dia, e lipidios, 77,2 e 78,3mg/dia. A sobrevivencia foi menor na dieta PS, 92,9%. Os maiores rendimentos de carcaca foram observados nos peixes alimentados com PS e PL, 82,9 e 82,7%, e o menor rendimento de file ocorreu na dieta CL, 34,1%.

Substituição de fígado bovino por glúten de milho, glúten de trigo e farelo de soja em rações para pós-larvas de piavas (Leporinus obtusidens)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the corn and wheat glutens and soybean meal in partial replacement to the bovine liver in granulated rations for rearing of piava post-larvae. In the first experiment meals were elaborated with wheat and corn glutens in substitution to the bovine liver in the levels of 25, 50 and 100%. The wheat gluten was more efficient as substitute of the bovine liver, and up to 40% of replacement showed the highest fish size and survival. In the second experiment, the replacement of the wheat gluten by soybean meal in growing levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the 40% of inclusion of the wheat gluten obtained in the first experiment was evaluated. The substitution of the wheat gluten by soybean meal up to 75% provides the highest size for piava post-larvae, at the 21 days of age.

Densidade de estocagem no crescimento, composição e perfil lipídico corporal do jundiá

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, a composicao e o perfil lipidico corporal de jundias criados em diferentes densidades de estocagem (DE: 4,2; 6,4; 8,6 e 10,8kg m-3) em sistema com recirculacao de agua. Durante 120 dias, 420 peixes (peso inicial=182,95±2,96g) foram alimentados uma vez ao dia, ate a saciedade aparente, com dieta peletizada formulada. Observou-se que, quanto maior a DE utilizada, menor e o peso individual dos peixes, entretanto a biomassa por tanque aumentou (P<0,05). Melhor conversao alimentar (1,69) e maior quantidade de gordura intraperitoneal (3,92) foram observadas nos peixes submetidos a densidade 4,2kg m-3. A proteina corporal foi afetada pelas DEs. Ocorreu diminuicao dos acidos graxos saturados e aumento dos insaturados nos peixes de acordo com o aumento das DEs. Conclui-se que a densidade de estocagem influencia no peso final e na produtividade por volume do jundia.

Teores de proteína bruta em dietas práticas para juvenis de carpa capim

The response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) juveniles to crude protein (CP) levels in practical diets was evaluated in an experiment with 120 juveniles and 80 days of feeding. The diets containing porcine meat meal, soybean meal, corn and wheat meal, with 22, 30, 36, or 44% CP. Ten juveniles (153.0±1.5 g) per tank (850L) were fed twice daily with pelleted feed (3% of biomass). Linear effect of CP on final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, carcass and fillet yield, coefficient of protein retention, protein efficiency rate, deposition of fat and protein, and hematocrit were observed. It was also observed effect on triglycerides and total cholesterol in blood, indicating that dietary protein was being used as energy source. Feed conversion ratio and fat content in whole fish showed quadratic effect, with maximum points at 40.6 and 37.1% CP, respectively. The best CP content for grass carp in growing phase was 44%, and the variation of protein content in diet changed the metabolism of grass carp juveniles, reflected in blood and carcass parameters.

Desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas de jundiá alimentadas com diferentes fontes protéicas

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of jundia females fed during 71 days with different protein sources. In the first trial soybean meal was associated to meat and bone meal (CS), sugar cane yeast (LS) and fish meal (PS). In the second trial the effect of replacement of meat and bone meal by soybean meal was evaluated to the levels 0, 35 and 70% of the CS diet (CS0, CS35 e CS70, respectively). The spawning of females were induced with carp hypophysis extract. In the trial 1, embryonic development was higher in the eggs from females fed CS and PS. In the trial 2, embryonic, vitelinic and larval development were higher in CS0 treatment. This concluded that meat and bone meal and soybean meal used as protein sources showed good option in the feeding of reproductive jundia females.

Extração de antinutrientes e aumento da qualidade nutricional dos farelos de girassol, canola e soja para alimentação de peixes

The phytic acid, phenolic compounds and total tannins contents of canola, sunflower and soybean meals subjected to different chemical treatments were evaluated in this study, aiming its inclusion in fish diets. The treatments were: a) A: acidified water (pH 1.0); b) EMA: ethanol (absolute) + methanol (absolute) + water, (45:45:10 ratio); c) ET: acidified ethanol (absolute) (pH 1.0); d) ETA: ethanol (absolute) + water (70:30 ratio) pH 1.0; e) AE: acidified water (pH 1.0) + ethanol (absolute) used separately. For canola meal, phytic acid content raised when treatments EMA, ET and ETA were used. Treatments AE and ETA were more efficient for reducing phenolic compounds. Total tannins showed reduction under all treatments, but ET, ETA, and AE were more effective. For sunflower meal, A and AE reduced phytic acid content, while the other treatments caused an increase in this antinutrient. Total phenols and tannins were most reduced under AE treatment. For soybean meal, treatment A was the only which reduced phytic acid content. Treatment AE was the best on reducing total phenols and tannins for soybean meal. Treatment AE represents the best alternative for reducing phytic acid, total phenols and total tannins of canola, sunflower and soybean meals.