Giovani Taffarel Bergamin

Alimentação do jundiá com dietas contendo óleos de arroz, canola ou soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia de oleos vegetais no desenvolvimento corporal e composicao do file de jundias. Foram testadas seis dietas (32%PB), sendo avaliados oleos de arroz, canola ou soja com 5 ou 10% de inclusao, durante 90 dias. Os peixes (180, peso inicial=71,0±0,8g) foram distribuidos ao acaso em 18 caixas (280L) de um sistema de recirculacao de agua, com temperatura controlada. Para avaliacao de desempenho, estimaram-se variaveis como peso, comprimentos totais, padrao, altura caudal, sobrevivencia, taxa de crescimento especifico, fator de condicao, consumo diario, conversao alimentar aparente e rendimento de partes comestiveis. Alem disso, foram avaliadas a composicao centesimal e taxas de deposicao de proteina e gordura nos files. Nao houve diferencas entre os oleos e os niveis sobre o crescimento dos peixes; entretanto, os jundias alimentados com 10% de oleo depositaram mais gordura no file. Conclui-se que os oleos de canola, arroz e soja proporcionam bom crescimento e rendimento de partes comestiveis. As dietas contendo oleo de canola, com 5% de inclusao, possibilitam menor deposicao de gordura no file.

Cultivo de jundiás alimentados com dietas com casca de soja ou de algodão

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of crude fiber on growth, digestive parameters, and yield and carcass quality of jundia (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles in net cages. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x3 factorial scheme (two sources - soy and cotton hull - and three levels of crude fiber: 4, 7 and 10%), with three replicates. Four hundred and fifty fishes (129.11± 7.8 g) were randomly distributed in 18 net cages (1 m3), at densities of 25 fish per cage, in 0.1 ha earth fishpond. The following parameters were evaluated: weight, total length, weight gain, biomass, survival, carcass and fillet yield, chemical composition of fillet, digestive and hepato-somatic indexes, intestinal quotient. No difference was detected in the growth performance. Fish fed with soy hull diets presented more fat and mineral accumulation on fillets. The sources and fiber levels tested do not affect jundias performance.

Alimentação de fêmeas de jundiá com fontes lipídicas e sua relação com o desenvolvimento embrionário e larval

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of feeding female South America catfish Rhamdia quelen with different lipids sources and their influence in embryo and larval stage. Twelve (12) female catfishes initial weight of 500g, distributed randomly among three (3) net-tanks and fed for ten (10) weeks were used. The female fishes were fed with three (3) different types of experimental diet containing lipid sources: Swine fat (BS), sunflower oil (OG) canola oil (OC). At hatch time, 10 larvae were collected from each net tank. One post larvae sample was collected at 12, 24, 36, 48 hours after hatch to verify measurement. Three samples were captured and raised in reuse water system during fourteen days (30 larvae L-1). The female reproductive performance and the larval development were not affected by the lipid sources tested. The data revealed that swine fat is as good as sunflower and canola oil as lipid sources for reproductive female catfishes and that they can provide excellent embryo and larval development.

Crescimento de jundiá e carpa húngara criados em sistema de recirculação de água

A study was conducted to evaluate growth, carcass yield and body composition of jundia and common carp raised in mono or duoculture in a recirculated water system, for 60 days, during the growing. Five treatments were tested with three replicates: 100C=100% carp; 100J=100% jundia, 50C50J=50% carp 50% jundia; 75C25J=75% carp 25% jundia and 25C75J=25% carp 75% jundia. Twenty fishes were distributed in each experimental unit. It was evaluated weight (W), total biomass (TB), condition factor (CF), feed conversion rate (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), carcass yield (YC), digestive-somatic index, hepatossomatic index, intestinal quotient and the proximate composition and body deposition of protein and fat. Considering jundia performance, no statistical difference was observed for W, CF and SGR (P>0.05). Common carp from treatment 25C75J showed the highest values (P<0.05) for these variables. The best FCR and TB values were obtained for 100J and 25C75J treatments. In both species, there were no differences for carcass yield or digestive indexes. Thus, the treatment 25C75J, composed by 25%carp and 75%jundia presented the highest final weight for carp and total biomass.

Desempenho e composição dos filés de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen) submetidos a diferentes dietas na fase de recria

Avaliaram-se o crescimento e a composicao dos files de juvenis de jundia apos 90 dias de alimentacao com dietas contendo diferentes fontes proteicas. Foram utilizados 540 peixes, peso inicial=15,0±0,62g; comprimento inicial=11,98±0,35cm, distribuidos ao acaso em 18 tanques (30 peixes/tanque) com sistema de recirculacao de agua. Foram testadas seis dietas: 1 - farinha de carne e ossos + levedura (CL), 2 - farelo de soja + levedura (SL), 3 - farelo de soja (S), 4 - farinha de carne e ossos + farelo de soja (CS), 5 - farinha de peixe + levedura (PL) e 6 - farinha de peixe + farelo de soja (PS). Avaliaram-se: peso, comprimento total, taxa de crescimento especifico, fator de condicao, sobrevivencia, conversao alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiencia proteica e consumo diario. Tambem foram analisadas as composicoes do file - umidade, proteina, lipidios, cinzas -, as taxas de deposicao de proteina e gordura, alem dos rendimentos de file e carcaca. Maiores pesos, 111,5 e 108,6g, comprimento total, 22,6 e 21,6cm, e taxa de crescimento especifico, 2,1 e 2,2%/dia, foram observados nos peixes alimentados com as dietas CS e PS. Os peixes alimentados com CS e PS tambem apresentaram maior deposicao de proteina, 69,8 e 71,5mg/dia, e lipidios, 77,2 e 78,3mg/dia. A sobrevivencia foi menor na dieta PS, 92,9%. Os maiores rendimentos de carcaca foram observados nos peixes alimentados com PS e PL, 82,9 e 82,7%, e o menor rendimento de file ocorreu na dieta CL, 34,1%.

Desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas de jundiá alimentadas com diferentes fontes protéicas

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of jundia females fed during 71 days with different protein sources. In the first trial soybean meal was associated to meat and bone meal (CS), sugar cane yeast (LS) and fish meal (PS). In the second trial the effect of replacement of meat and bone meal by soybean meal was evaluated to the levels 0, 35 and 70% of the CS diet (CS0, CS35 e CS70, respectively). The spawning of females were induced with carp hypophysis extract. In the trial 1, embryonic development was higher in the eggs from females fed CS and PS. In the trial 2, embryonic, vitelinic and larval development were higher in CS0 treatment. This concluded that meat and bone meal and soybean meal used as protein sources showed good option in the feeding of reproductive jundia females.

Extração de antinutrientes e aumento da qualidade nutricional dos farelos de girassol, canola e soja para alimentação de peixes

The phytic acid, phenolic compounds and total tannins contents of canola, sunflower and soybean meals subjected to different chemical treatments were evaluated in this study, aiming its inclusion in fish diets. The treatments were: a) A: acidified water (pH 1.0); b) EMA: ethanol (absolute) + methanol (absolute) + water, (45:45:10 ratio); c) ET: acidified ethanol (absolute) (pH 1.0); d) ETA: ethanol (absolute) + water (70:30 ratio) pH 1.0; e) AE: acidified water (pH 1.0) + ethanol (absolute) used separately. For canola meal, phytic acid content raised when treatments EMA, ET and ETA were used. Treatments AE and ETA were more efficient for reducing phenolic compounds. Total tannins showed reduction under all treatments, but ET, ETA, and AE were more effective. For sunflower meal, A and AE reduced phytic acid content, while the other treatments caused an increase in this antinutrient. Total phenols and tannins were most reduced under AE treatment. For soybean meal, treatment A was the only which reduced phytic acid content. Treatment AE was the best on reducing total phenols and tannins for soybean meal. Treatment AE represents the best alternative for reducing phytic acid, total phenols and total tannins of canola, sunflower and soybean meals.

Alimentação da piava (Leporinus obtusidens) com diferentes fontes protéicas

The piava (Leporinus obtusidens) is a important native fish in the South Brazil Rivers. In this study it was verified the growth of piava juveniles fed 60 days with three diets having different protein sources: yeast (L), meat and bone meal (FCO) and soybean meal (FS). Fishes were measured each 20 days to obtain the performance in weight, total and standard length, specific growth rate, condition factor and survival. At the end of trial the carcass yield, intestinal quotient and the digestive and hepato-somatic index were estimated. Higher growth was verified in fish fed with soybean meal (FS), where the weight and specific growth rate were higher (P<0.05). Digestive index values were smaller in fish fed with meat and bone meal diets (FCO). The carcass yield was higher than 90%, had no significative differences. We concluded that soybean meal as main diet protein source provide good growth for piava juveniles (L. obtusidens).

Densidade de estocagem e frequência alimentar no cultivo de jundiá em tanques-rede

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different stocking densities and feeding frequencies on the zootechnical and metabolic response and on the whole fish and fillet composition of juvenile South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen) cultured in net cages for 60 days. One thousand and two hundred juvenile catfish (57,48±3,34 g and 17,86±0,36 cm) were used. Fish were distributed in a completely randomized design, with a 2×2 factorial arrangement, at 50 and 150 fish m-3 and feeding frequency once or twice a day. Both stocking density and feeding influenced neither the performance, nor the metabolic parameters. However, the interaction between the lowest density and the highest feeding frequency resulted in the lowest lipid content in the fillets. As both tested factors did not affect the growth performance, 150 fish m-3 can be suggested as the best density together with a once-a-day feeding frequency.

Crescimento de juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) com diferentes proporções de amilose:amilopectina na dieta

The growth and carcass traits of jundia (Rhamdia quelen) after 60 days being fed with different amylose:amylopectin ratio in diet were evaluated. Two hundred and forty fish (initial weight of 34.3±4.3g) were raised in water re-use system with 12 units of 280L. Three diets were tested with amylose:amylopectin ratios: T417 = 26% amylose, T416 = 16% amylose and TMOCHI = 0% amylose. The fish were fed twice a day at 8:30 and 16:00h. Every 15 days the amount of food offered was ajusted. The amylose:amylopectin ratio in the starch of the diet did not affect growth, carcass and body composition of fish. This demonstrates that the jundia has the potential to use starchy sources consisting of up to 26% amylose without altering the digestibility of nutrients and fat deposition.