Fabio de Araújo Pedron

Alimentação do jundiá com dietas contendo óleos de arroz, canola ou soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia de oleos vegetais no desenvolvimento corporal e composicao do file de jundias. Foram testadas seis dietas (32%PB), sendo avaliados oleos de arroz, canola ou soja com 5 ou 10% de inclusao, durante 90 dias. Os peixes (180, peso inicial=71,0±0,8g) foram distribuidos ao acaso em 18 caixas (280L) de um sistema de recirculacao de agua, com temperatura controlada. Para avaliacao de desempenho, estimaram-se variaveis como peso, comprimentos totais, padrao, altura caudal, sobrevivencia, taxa de crescimento especifico, fator de condicao, consumo diario, conversao alimentar aparente e rendimento de partes comestiveis. Alem disso, foram avaliadas a composicao centesimal e taxas de deposicao de proteina e gordura nos files. Nao houve diferencas entre os oleos e os niveis sobre o crescimento dos peixes; entretanto, os jundias alimentados com 10% de oleo depositaram mais gordura no file. Conclui-se que os oleos de canola, arroz e soja proporcionam bom crescimento e rendimento de partes comestiveis. As dietas contendo oleo de canola, com 5% de inclusao, possibilitam menor deposicao de gordura no file.

Protein sources and digestive enzyme activities in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

Digestive enzymes activity influence feed utilization by fish, and its understanding is important to optimize diet formulation. This study reports the digestive enzyme activities of jundia juveniles fed diets with protein sources. Fish were fed six experimental diets for 90 days: MBY (meat and bone meal + sugar cane yeast), SY (soybean meal + sugar cane yeast), S (soybean meal), MBS (meat and bone meal + soybean meal), FY (fish meal + sugar cane yeast) and FS (fish meal + soybean meal), and then sampled every 30 days and assayed in two intestine sections for digestive enzymes - trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase - activities; gastric protease was assayed in the stomach. Digestive and hepatosomatic index, intestinal quotient, digestive tract length and weight gain were also measured. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were higher (p < 0.0001) in fish fed diets containing animal protein sources (MBY, MBS, FY and FS diets). Alkaline proteases were negatively affected by dietary soybean meal in the SY and S diets. Amylase activity had greater variation between diets and intestine sections. Fish fed MBY and MBS diets showed higher gastric protease activity (p < 0.0001). Weight gains were higher in fish fed the MBS and FS diets (p < 0.05). Highest values (p < 0.05) of digestive tract length were observed in fish fed MBS and FY diets, but no correlation with enzymes activities was found. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was affected by diet composition. Dietary composition influenced digestive enzymes activities of jundia.

Cultivo de jundiás alimentados com dietas com casca de soja ou de algodão

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of crude fiber on growth, digestive parameters, and yield and carcass quality of jundia (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles in net cages. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x3 factorial scheme (two sources - soy and cotton hull - and three levels of crude fiber: 4, 7 and 10%), with three replicates. Four hundred and fifty fishes (129.11± 7.8 g) were randomly distributed in 18 net cages (1 m3), at densities of 25 fish per cage, in 0.1 ha earth fishpond. The following parameters were evaluated: weight, total length, weight gain, biomass, survival, carcass and fillet yield, chemical composition of fillet, digestive and hepato-somatic indexes, intestinal quotient. No difference was detected in the growth performance. Fish fed with soy hull diets presented more fat and mineral accumulation on fillets. The sources and fiber levels tested do not affect jundias performance.

Alimentação de fêmeas de jundiá com fontes lipídicas e sua relação com o desenvolvimento embrionário e larval

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of feeding female South America catfish Rhamdia quelen with different lipids sources and their influence in embryo and larval stage. Twelve (12) female catfishes initial weight of 500g, distributed randomly among three (3) net-tanks and fed for ten (10) weeks were used. The female fishes were fed with three (3) different types of experimental diet containing lipid sources: Swine fat (BS), sunflower oil (OG) canola oil (OC). At hatch time, 10 larvae were collected from each net tank. One post larvae sample was collected at 12, 24, 36, 48 hours after hatch to verify measurement. Three samples were captured and raised in reuse water system during fourteen days (30 larvae L-1). The female reproductive performance and the larval development were not affected by the lipid sources tested. The data revealed that swine fat is as good as sunflower and canola oil as lipid sources for reproductive female catfishes and that they can provide excellent embryo and larval development.

Crescimento e alterações no fígado e na carcaça de alevinos de jundiá alimentados com dietas com aflatoxinas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das aflatoxinas sobre o crescimento de alevinos de jundia (Rhamdia quelen), e sua deposicao no figado e na carcaca de peixes alimentados com racao com diferentes teores da micotoxina. Foram utilizados 960 alevinos, em dois experimentos, o primeiro com duracao de 45 dias e o segundo com 35 dias. As instalacoes experimentais foram compostas por um sistema termorregulado de recirculacao de agua. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados os teores de 41, 90 e 204 ppb de aflatoxinas kg-1 de alimento e no segundo experimento, 350, 757 e 1.177 ppb de aflatoxinas kg-1 de alimento. Foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros: peso medio, comprimento total e padrao, rendimento de carcaca, fator de condicao, ganho diario, sobrevivencia e deposicao de aflatoxinas no figado e na carcaca. Observou-se, no primeiro experimento, diminuicao do peso e comprimento dos peixes alimentados com 204 ppb aflatoxinas kg-1. No segundo experimento, nao ocorreu diferenca significativa nas variaveis analisadas. A partir de 350 ppb kg-1, ocorreram alteracoes no figado e tecidos, sem comprometer o crescimento, durante os 35 dias.

Crescimento de jundiá e carpa húngara criados em sistema de recirculação de água

A study was conducted to evaluate growth, carcass yield and body composition of jundia and common carp raised in mono or duoculture in a recirculated water system, for 60 days, during the growing. Five treatments were tested with three replicates: 100C=100% carp; 100J=100% jundia, 50C50J=50% carp 50% jundia; 75C25J=75% carp 25% jundia and 25C75J=25% carp 75% jundia. Twenty fishes were distributed in each experimental unit. It was evaluated weight (W), total biomass (TB), condition factor (CF), feed conversion rate (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), carcass yield (YC), digestive-somatic index, hepatossomatic index, intestinal quotient and the proximate composition and body deposition of protein and fat. Considering jundia performance, no statistical difference was observed for W, CF and SGR (P>0.05). Common carp from treatment 25C75J showed the highest values (P<0.05) for these variables. The best FCR and TB values were obtained for 100J and 25C75J treatments. In both species, there were no differences for carcass yield or digestive indexes. Thus, the treatment 25C75J, composed by 25%carp and 75%jundia presented the highest final weight for carp and total biomass.

Desempenho e composição dos filés de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen) submetidos a diferentes dietas na fase de recria

Avaliaram-se o crescimento e a composicao dos files de juvenis de jundia apos 90 dias de alimentacao com dietas contendo diferentes fontes proteicas. Foram utilizados 540 peixes, peso inicial=15,0±0,62g; comprimento inicial=11,98±0,35cm, distribuidos ao acaso em 18 tanques (30 peixes/tanque) com sistema de recirculacao de agua. Foram testadas seis dietas: 1 - farinha de carne e ossos + levedura (CL), 2 - farelo de soja + levedura (SL), 3 - farelo de soja (S), 4 - farinha de carne e ossos + farelo de soja (CS), 5 - farinha de peixe + levedura (PL) e 6 - farinha de peixe + farelo de soja (PS). Avaliaram-se: peso, comprimento total, taxa de crescimento especifico, fator de condicao, sobrevivencia, conversao alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiencia proteica e consumo diario. Tambem foram analisadas as composicoes do file - umidade, proteina, lipidios, cinzas -, as taxas de deposicao de proteina e gordura, alem dos rendimentos de file e carcaca. Maiores pesos, 111,5 e 108,6g, comprimento total, 22,6 e 21,6cm, e taxa de crescimento especifico, 2,1 e 2,2%/dia, foram observados nos peixes alimentados com as dietas CS e PS. Os peixes alimentados com CS e PS tambem apresentaram maior deposicao de proteina, 69,8 e 71,5mg/dia, e lipidios, 77,2 e 78,3mg/dia. A sobrevivencia foi menor na dieta PS, 92,9%. Os maiores rendimentos de carcaca foram observados nos peixes alimentados com PS e PL, 82,9 e 82,7%, e o menor rendimento de file ocorreu na dieta CL, 34,1%.

Substituição de fígado bovino por glúten de milho, glúten de trigo e farelo de soja em rações para pós-larvas de piavas (Leporinus obtusidens)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the corn and wheat glutens and soybean meal in partial replacement to the bovine liver in granulated rations for rearing of piava post-larvae. In the first experiment meals were elaborated with wheat and corn glutens in substitution to the bovine liver in the levels of 25, 50 and 100%. The wheat gluten was more efficient as substitute of the bovine liver, and up to 40% of replacement showed the highest fish size and survival. In the second experiment, the replacement of the wheat gluten by soybean meal in growing levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the 40% of inclusion of the wheat gluten obtained in the first experiment was evaluated. The substitution of the wheat gluten by soybean meal up to 75% provides the highest size for piava post-larvae, at the 21 days of age.

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Serum of Silver Catfish (Rhamdia quelen) Naturally Infected by Clinostomum complanatum: A Preliminary Study

Abstract:  Clinostomum complanatum is a zoonotic parasite of birds, and its larval form (metacercariae) may cause disease in fish. The immune response of fish infected by C. complanatum is unknown, and therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) infected by this parasite. The analysis showed that fish infected with metacercariae presented significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) when compared to those not infected. These data suggest that C. complanatum larvae activate the host immune response.

Fontes protéicas vegetais na alimentação da carpa húngara

This study was conducted to evaluate the partial replacement of porcine meat meal by plant-protein meals in diets for common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Five experimental diets were evaluated: control (FCS), only porcine meat meal as protein source, and four plant-based diets: soybean meal (FS), canola meal (FC), sunflower meal (FG) or linseed meal (FL) replacing 50% of protein from porcine meat meal. Juveniles (195, 43.4±0.4g) were fed twice daily (9:00 am and 03:00pm) for 71 days. At the end of the trial, the best weight (205,69g), weight gain (2,29g day-1), specific growth rate (2,2% day-1) and food conversion ratio (1,74) were obtained in FCS, followed by FC and FS, that did not differ among each other. Fish fed FCS, FG and FS showed higher body fat. The FL diet had the worst performance, protein retention coefficient, protein and fat deposition in whole body and fillet. It was concluded that a diet based on porcine meat meal provides higher growth and protein deposition in common carp juveniles, compared to diets with plant-protein meals; carcass parameters (carcass and fillet yield and digestive indices) are not affected by the dietary protein sources.