Viviani Corrêia

Alimentação do jundiá com dietas contendo óleos de arroz, canola ou soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia de oleos vegetais no desenvolvimento corporal e composicao do file de jundias. Foram testadas seis dietas (32%PB), sendo avaliados oleos de arroz, canola ou soja com 5 ou 10% de inclusao, durante 90 dias. Os peixes (180, peso inicial=71,0±0,8g) foram distribuidos ao acaso em 18 caixas (280L) de um sistema de recirculacao de agua, com temperatura controlada. Para avaliacao de desempenho, estimaram-se variaveis como peso, comprimentos totais, padrao, altura caudal, sobrevivencia, taxa de crescimento especifico, fator de condicao, consumo diario, conversao alimentar aparente e rendimento de partes comestiveis. Alem disso, foram avaliadas a composicao centesimal e taxas de deposicao de proteina e gordura nos files. Nao houve diferencas entre os oleos e os niveis sobre o crescimento dos peixes; entretanto, os jundias alimentados com 10% de oleo depositaram mais gordura no file. Conclui-se que os oleos de canola, arroz e soja proporcionam bom crescimento e rendimento de partes comestiveis. As dietas contendo oleo de canola, com 5% de inclusao, possibilitam menor deposicao de gordura no file.

Cultivo de jundiás alimentados com dietas com casca de soja ou de algodão

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of crude fiber on growth, digestive parameters, and yield and carcass quality of jundia (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles in net cages. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x3 factorial scheme (two sources - soy and cotton hull - and three levels of crude fiber: 4, 7 and 10%), with three replicates. Four hundred and fifty fishes (129.11± 7.8 g) were randomly distributed in 18 net cages (1 m3), at densities of 25 fish per cage, in 0.1 ha earth fishpond. The following parameters were evaluated: weight, total length, weight gain, biomass, survival, carcass and fillet yield, chemical composition of fillet, digestive and hepato-somatic indexes, intestinal quotient. No difference was detected in the growth performance. Fish fed with soy hull diets presented more fat and mineral accumulation on fillets. The sources and fiber levels tested do not affect jundias performance.

Crescimento de jundiá e carpa húngara criados em sistema de recirculação de água

A study was conducted to evaluate growth, carcass yield and body composition of jundia and common carp raised in mono or duoculture in a recirculated water system, for 60 days, during the growing. Five treatments were tested with three replicates: 100C=100% carp; 100J=100% jundia, 50C50J=50% carp 50% jundia; 75C25J=75% carp 25% jundia and 25C75J=25% carp 75% jundia. Twenty fishes were distributed in each experimental unit. It was evaluated weight (W), total biomass (TB), condition factor (CF), feed conversion rate (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), carcass yield (YC), digestive-somatic index, hepatossomatic index, intestinal quotient and the proximate composition and body deposition of protein and fat. Considering jundia performance, no statistical difference was observed for W, CF and SGR (P>0.05). Common carp from treatment 25C75J showed the highest values (P<0.05) for these variables. The best FCR and TB values were obtained for 100J and 25C75J treatments. In both species, there were no differences for carcass yield or digestive indexes. Thus, the treatment 25C75J, composed by 25%carp and 75%jundia presented the highest final weight for carp and total biomass.

Densidade de estocagem no crescimento, composição e perfil lipídico corporal do jundiá

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, a composicao e o perfil lipidico corporal de jundias criados em diferentes densidades de estocagem (DE: 4,2; 6,4; 8,6 e 10,8kg m-3) em sistema com recirculacao de agua. Durante 120 dias, 420 peixes (peso inicial=182,95±2,96g) foram alimentados uma vez ao dia, ate a saciedade aparente, com dieta peletizada formulada. Observou-se que, quanto maior a DE utilizada, menor e o peso individual dos peixes, entretanto a biomassa por tanque aumentou (P<0,05). Melhor conversao alimentar (1,69) e maior quantidade de gordura intraperitoneal (3,92) foram observadas nos peixes submetidos a densidade 4,2kg m-3. A proteina corporal foi afetada pelas DEs. Ocorreu diminuicao dos acidos graxos saturados e aumento dos insaturados nos peixes de acordo com o aumento das DEs. Conclui-se que a densidade de estocagem influencia no peso final e na produtividade por volume do jundia.

Teores de proteína bruta em dietas práticas para juvenis de carpa capim

The response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) juveniles to crude protein (CP) levels in practical diets was evaluated in an experiment with 120 juveniles and 80 days of feeding. The diets containing porcine meat meal, soybean meal, corn and wheat meal, with 22, 30, 36, or 44% CP. Ten juveniles (153.0±1.5 g) per tank (850L) were fed twice daily with pelleted feed (3% of biomass). Linear effect of CP on final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, carcass and fillet yield, coefficient of protein retention, protein efficiency rate, deposition of fat and protein, and hematocrit were observed. It was also observed effect on triglycerides and total cholesterol in blood, indicating that dietary protein was being used as energy source. Feed conversion ratio and fat content in whole fish showed quadratic effect, with maximum points at 40.6 and 37.1% CP, respectively. The best CP content for grass carp in growing phase was 44%, and the variation of protein content in diet changed the metabolism of grass carp juveniles, reflected in blood and carcass parameters.

Desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas de jundiá alimentadas com diferentes fontes protéicas

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of jundia females fed during 71 days with different protein sources. In the first trial soybean meal was associated to meat and bone meal (CS), sugar cane yeast (LS) and fish meal (PS). In the second trial the effect of replacement of meat and bone meal by soybean meal was evaluated to the levels 0, 35 and 70% of the CS diet (CS0, CS35 e CS70, respectively). The spawning of females were induced with carp hypophysis extract. In the trial 1, embryonic development was higher in the eggs from females fed CS and PS. In the trial 2, embryonic, vitelinic and larval development were higher in CS0 treatment. This concluded that meat and bone meal and soybean meal used as protein sources showed good option in the feeding of reproductive jundia females.

Alimentação da piava (Leporinus obtusidens) com diferentes fontes protéicas

The piava (Leporinus obtusidens) is a important native fish in the South Brazil Rivers. In this study it was verified the growth of piava juveniles fed 60 days with three diets having different protein sources: yeast (L), meat and bone meal (FCO) and soybean meal (FS). Fishes were measured each 20 days to obtain the performance in weight, total and standard length, specific growth rate, condition factor and survival. At the end of trial the carcass yield, intestinal quotient and the digestive and hepato-somatic index were estimated. Higher growth was verified in fish fed with soybean meal (FS), where the weight and specific growth rate were higher (P<0.05). Digestive index values were smaller in fish fed with meat and bone meal diets (FCO). The carcass yield was higher than 90%, had no significative differences. We concluded that soybean meal as main diet protein source provide good growth for piava juveniles (L. obtusidens).

Concentrados proteicos vegetais na alimentação de Jundiás (Rhamdia quelen)

The aim of this study was to evaluate vegetable protein concentrates to replace soybean meal (traditional protein) on performance and chemical composition of catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and its influence on the coloration of the fillets. We used 20 experimental units (EU), with a capacity of 90L each, where 400 fish were rearing for 45 days. Juvenile catfish had 11.5±5.0cm and an initial weight of 10.4±5.5g. We evaluated four diets with different sources of protein concentrates, which are: Control, conventional diet using soybean meal as source of protein; CL: diet containing protein concentrate crambe meal protein concentrate; CLGM: protein concentrate consisting of crambe meal protein concentrate protein concentrate cassava leaf protein concentrate and GM sunflower meal: protein concentrate consisting of sunflower meal protein concentrate cassava leaf. At 30 and 45 days were evaluated growth parameters (weight, condition factor, specific growth rate, daily weight gain and relative protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion) and proximate evaluation of the whole fish and fillet (humidity, crude protein, fat and ash). In addition, the 45-day evaluation was made color instrumental in fillets. At the end of the experiment, significant differences were observed for growth parameters and proximate, and the animals fed the LC diets had higher growth (13,8cm), specific growth rate (2,43% day-1), daily weight gain (0,41g day-1), relative weight gain (108,3%) and lower feed conversion (1,21) compared to diets containing protein concentrate of sunflower and cassava leaves. We also observed that animals fed on GM diets and CLGM showed a yellowish pigment in the fillets. It is concluded that animals fed the CL diet had the highest levels of performance and can be used as food in the formulation of diets for this species. All others combinations do not showed no better results than the control diet and CL.

Different levels of jundiá waste meal in the diet

The study was carried out at the Fish Farming Laboratory of the Animal Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, during 8 weeks, from April to June 2011. The objective of this study was to define the best level of incorporation of waste in food fish of juvenile Jundia in water recirculation system using 450 fingerlings of jundia with initial average weight of 7.2±0.27g. We tested 5 different diets in three repetitions with different levels of incorporation of carcasse jundia with viscera meal (FCJCV) (0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30%). The diets contained 37% CP and 3200kcal/kg of ME. Data were collected from daily weight gain, survival, condition factor, specific growth rate, feed conversion, carcass yield, protein efficiency ratio and deposition of body protein and lipid. The weight gain was greater with the inclusion of 30% FCJCV with final weight of 45.47g and daily weight gain of 0.68g/day. The diet with inclusion of 30% FCJCV showed better values for specific growth rate (3.34%/day), feed conversion ratio (1.05: 1), final biomass (1105.45g), body protein deposition (64.9mg/day), protein efficiency ratio (1.9) and protein retention coefficient (1.96%). In conclusion, the use of processing waste meal of jundia in the level of 30% in the diet showed the highest efficiency in the development of juvenile jundia.

Farelo de arroz desengordurado com baixo teor de ácido fítico na alimentação da carpa capim

With the need of supplementary feeding of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with artificial diets, have been sought regional ingredients for this formulation. Rice producing countries have large supply of defatted rice bran, but its use in non ruminant feed is limited by the presence of phytic acid. Thus, we evaluated the performance and deposition of minerals in bones of juvenile grass carp fed diets containing 25 % defatted rice bran common (FADE), 25 % defatted rice bran phytic acid extracted (FADEX) or control diet with conventional ingredients (CONT) in fish nutrition. For this, 300 grass carp juveniles (7.37 ± 0.61 g) were fed a pelleted diet three times daily for 60 days in recirculation system with controlled temperature water. At 30 and 60 days were assessed weight, total length (CT), specific growth rate (TCE), average daily gain (GMD), condition factor (FC) and apparent feed conversion ratio (CAA) and, after 60 days, gain weight (GP), carcass yield, deposition of calcium, phosphorus and ash in the bones. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The data submitted to analysis of variance and mean comparison by Duncan test at 5 % level of significance. After 30 days treatment FADEX showed TCE and GMD values higher than the CONT and FADE. At the end of the experiment it was found that CT, GP and TCE fish fed FADEX were significantly larger than the others, but not GMD, indicating a possible adaptation to phytic acid treatment FADE. FADEX promoted greater deposition of P in bones that FADE and CONT. It was concluded that the FADEX improves performance and enhances the deposition of P in the bones of juvenile grass carp and can be used as feed ingredient in the inclusion tested.