Cecilia Albala B

Validación de un test de tamizaje para el diagnóstico de demencia asociada a edad, en Chile

: Validation of the diagnostic test in a sample of 100subjects over 65 years old (85 from the project «Age associated dementias» and 15 with a con-firmed diagnosis of dementia). All were subjected to a complete neuropsychological test by atrained neurologist, that constituted the «gold standard» for the diagnosis of dementia. An inde-pendent interviewer applied the MMSE to the subjects and the PFAQ to a next of kin informer.Cutoff points were calculated using ROC curves. The points with the better equilibrium betweensensitivity and specificity were selected, considering differences in results between groups withlow and high educational level.

Prevalencia de diabetes tipo 2 y obesidad en dos poblaciones aborígenes de Chile en ambiente urbano

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing in aboriginal populations in Chile. Aim: To study the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes and serum lipids in two aboriginal populations, Mapuche and Aymara, that were transferred from a rural to a urban environment. Subjects and Methods: Two groups of subjects over 20 years were analyzed, Mapuche and Aymara. The Mapuche group was formed by 42 men and 105 women, living in four urban communities of Santiago, and an Aymara group formed by 42 men and 118 women, living in Arica, in Northern Chile. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, fasting insulin and serum leptin were determined. Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 6.9% in Aymara and 8.2% in Mapuche subjects. The frequency of glucose intolerance was similar in both groups, but greater among men. A total blood cholesterol over 200 mg/dl was observed in 43.1% of Aymara and 27.9% of Mapuche subjects (p <0.008). Serum triglycerides over 150 mg/dl were observed in 16.9 and 23.1% of Aymara and Mapuche individuals, respectively (p= NS). Conclusions: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia in urban aboriginal populations is higher than that of their rural counterparts. A possible explanation for these results are changes in lifestyles that come along with urbanization, characterized by a high consumption of saturated fat and refined sugars and a low level of physical activity (Rev Med Chile 2004; 132: 1189-97). (Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus, type II; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemia; Indians, South American)

Síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes: asociación con sensibilidad insulínica y con magnitud y distribución de la obesidad

Descriptive study in 489 children (273 females), aged from6 to 16 years, consulting in an obesity program. Body mass index, Tanner puberal development, waistcircumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels were measured. Insulinsensitivity was calculated using the mathematical models QUICKI and HOMA. MS was diagnosedwhen three or more of the following criteria were met: a waist circumference over percentile 90, ablood pressure over percentile 90, serum triglycerides over 110 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol of less than 40mg/dl or a fasting blood glucose level over 100 mg/dl.

ESTRATEGIA DE PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD EN ESCOLARES DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA MUNICIPALIZADA DE LA COMUNA DE CASABLANCA, CHILE

Resumen es: Se diseno, implemento durante tres anos (de 2002 a 2004) y evaluo una intervencion en alimentacion/nutricion y actividad fisica en escolares de educacion...

Perfil metabólico de riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes obesos con menor sensibilidad insulínica

Infantile obesity is associated with metabolicdisturbances (hiperinsulinism, impaired glucose, dislypidemia) that determine a higher risk oftype 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and atherosclerotic vascular disease in adulthood. Insulinresistance is a central mechanism of complications of obesity and is associated to body fat mass.

Estado nutricional y resistencia aeróbica en escolares de educación básica: línea base de un Proyecto de Promoción de la Salud

Background: The Chilean Ministry of Health has developed a health promotion program called «Vida Chile», whose aim is to target risk factors for chronic diseases. To achieve this, school-based initiatives in nutrition and physical activity have been implemented. The evaluation of these initiatives includes a baseline assessment of these two variables. Aim: Baseline assessment of the nutritional status and aerobic capacity of elementary school children (1st to 8th grade). Material and methods: Children from seven public schools were studied. Weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness and waist circumference were measured. To test the aerobic capacity, the 20-m Shuttle Run Test (Navette) was utilized. Results: The assessment included 4,271 children, mean age was 10.2 years. The percentile of body mass index, as compared to the CDC 2000 Reference was 67.8±26.7 and 68±26.7 for boys and girls, respectively. The prevalence of obesity among children from 6 to 8 years, was 20.3 and 17.7% for boys and girls, respectively. Approximately 30% of males and 15% of females with normal weight had a good aerobic resistance, compared to 15 and 4% of their overweight counterparts. Aerobic capacity decreased with increasing age. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of obesity and a deficient level of aerobic capacity among children attending public schools in Chile (Rev Med Chile 2004; 132: 1395-1402).

Prevalencia de obesidad , hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia en grupos aborígenes rurales de Chile

Background: Chilean aboriginal ethnic groups (mapuche and aymaras) have a very low prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes. The investigation of a possible relationship between this low prevalence of diabetes and obesity, hypertension and serum lipid profiles in both groups is worthwhile. Aim: To study the prevalence of obesity, hypertension and lipid profile in two Chilean aboriginal communities. Subjects and Methods: The prevalence of obesity, hypertension, fasting serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, leptin and oral glucose tolerance test were measured in 345 mapuche (106 male) and 247 aymara (100 male) individuals. Results: Sixty three percent of mapuche women, 37.9% of mapuche men, 39.7% of the aymara women and 27.0% of aymara men had a body mass index over 27 kg/m2. Twenty percent of mapuche men, 18.0% of mapuche women, 9.0% of aymara men and 4.8% of the aymara women had high blood pressure values. Serum HDL cholesterol was below 35 mg/dl in 16% of mapuche women, 14% of mapuche men, 25% of the aymara women and 27% of aymara men. No differences in total cholesterol levels were observed between mapuches and aymaras. Conclusion: Mapuche women have higher prevalence of obesity and high blood pressure than aymara women. Low serum HDL cholesterol has a higher prevalence among aymara individuals.

Niveles plasmáticos de citoquinas IL-1ß, IL2 e IL-4 en niños diabéticos tipo 1 de diagnóstico reciente y su asociación con anticuerpos ß pancreáticos

9.1 pg/ml respectively, p=0,01). No differences in serum IL-4 were observed between diabetics and con-trol. Diabetic children with one or two positive autoantibodies (IA-2 and/or GAD65) had significantly higherlevels of IL-1s and IL-2 and lower levels of IL-4 than diabetic children without positive autoantibodies. Highconcentrations of IL-1s were associated with an early onset of the disease.

Evolución del estado del estado nutricional de escolares chilenos de 6 años (1987- 2003)

BACKGROUND As a consequence of the epidemiological transition in Chile, the nutritional status of the population has changed notoriously. AIM To study the changes in the nutritional status of six years-old Chilean children from 1987 to 2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS The computer data base of a government institution in charge of the School Lunch Program (JUNAEB) was used. It contains data on weight, height, sex and date of birth of six years old children, in the years 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003. RESULTS The data of approximately 80,000 children was analyzed. Both weight and height increased over the study years. There was a significant reduction in the number of children with weight deficit but also an increase in the proportion of children with obesity. Stunting was also reduced. The proportion of children with HAZ over 2 SD increased from 0.76 in 1987 to 2.2% in 2003. The prevalence of obesity has not increased since the year 2000. CONCLUSION The stabilization in the prevalence of obesity is a positive finding, considering its adverse consequences for health.

Sensibilidad insulínica en niños de 6 a 15 años: asociación con estado nutricional y pubertad

Body mass index (BMI), totalbody fat percentage (%TBF) using the sum of 4 skin folds, abdominal obesity determined throughwaist circumference (WC), pubertal maturation using five Tanner stages, fasting glucose (Glu) andinsulin (Ins), were measured in 354 children aged 6 to 15 years (173 males). IS was evaluatedusing HOMA and QUICKI.