Lydia Lera M

ACTITUDES Y PRÁCTICAS SOBRE ALIMENTACIÓN Y ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN NIÑOS OBESOS Y SUS MADRES EN SANTIAGO, CHILE

Para identificar las actitudes y practicas sobre alimentacion y actividad fisica en ninos obesos de nivel socioeconomico bajo, se aplico una encuesta a 88 escolares (41 ninos y 47 ninas) de 8 a 11 anos de Santiago. 68 ninos y sus madres constituyeron 16 grupos focales (4 de ninos, 4 de ninas y 8 de madres) en los que se estudiaron las motivaciones, barreras, sentimientos de autoestima y autoeficacia en relacion a alimentacion saludable y actividad fisica. Los resultados de la encuesta fueron analizados con el test no parametrico de Mann-Whitney. Con la informacion de los grupos focales se realizo un analisis de contenido, presentada como sintesis de las expresiones de los ninos. Se encontro un bajo consumo de lacteos, verduras y frutas y un elevado consumo de alimentos de alta densidad energetica y bebidas con azucar. Mas del 55% de los ninos no realizaba actividad fisica fuera del colegio. Los ninos mostraron escasas motivaciones y multiples barreras para adquirir habitos de alimentacion saludable y actividad fisica, asi como una baja autoestima y autoeficacia. Sus madres mostraron poca motivacion y baja autoeficacia para apoyar a sus hijos obesos. Los resultados de este estudio serviran de base para el diseno de intervenciones educativas centradas en la motivacion y el autocuidado para prevenir el sobrepeso en los ninos

Estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos y actividad física en escolares mujeres de diferente nivel socioeconómico de Santiago de Chile

BACKGROUND A high prevalence of obesity is the main public health problem in Chilean school children. AIM To compare the nutritional status, consumption of selected foods and extracurricular physical activity (PA) habits in school children of different socioeconomic levels as a baseline for developing effective educational interventions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study that determined the body mass index, food consumption and physical activity with previously validated instruments in 202 and 358 girls from 3rd to 8th grade in schools of medium-high and low socioeconomic level (SEL) from Santiago, Chile, respectively. RESULTS Compared to their counterparts of low socioeconomic level (SEL), the prevalence of obesity was significantly lower in 8-9 year-old girls of medium high SEL (19% and 9%, respectively, p =0.012) and 12-13 year-old (12% and 2.5% respectively, p =0.008). Also median daily intake of dairy products was higher in girls of medium high SEL (250 and 470 ml/day, respectively). The intake of fruits and vegetables was similar (200 g/d); and the intake of bread was lower (230 and 70 g/day, respectively, p <0.01). Consumption of energy-dense foods was lower in 10-13 year-old girls of medium high SEL (80 and 50 g/day, respectively, p <0.01). 45% of 8-9 year-old girls and 35% of 12-13 year-old girls of both SEL engaged in PA four or more times per week (NS). CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of obesity in girls of medium-high SEL was not as high as in those from low SEL, it is still high. There is a need for educational interventions to improve their food and PA habits and to promote an environment that enhances healthy behaviors.

Síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes: asociación con sensibilidad insulínica y con magnitud y distribución de la obesidad

Descriptive study in 489 children (273 females), aged from6 to 16 years, consulting in an obesity program. Body mass index, Tanner puberal development, waistcircumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels were measured. Insulinsensitivity was calculated using the mathematical models QUICKI and HOMA. MS was diagnosedwhen three or more of the following criteria were met: a waist circumference over percentile 90, ablood pressure over percentile 90, serum triglycerides over 110 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol of less than 40mg/dl or a fasting blood glucose level over 100 mg/dl.

Hábitos de ingesta y actividad física en escolares, según tipo de establecimiento al que asisten

Background: The increased infantile obesity rates are related to faulty dietary intake (DI) and physical activity (PA) habits, that are probably related to a prolonged stay at school during the day. Aim: To investigate DI and PA among elementary and high school students and their association with type of school that they attend. Material and Methods: Quality of DI and PA was assessed, using specially designed questionnaires, in 1136 elementary school and 1854 high school children attending public schools managed by city halls (ME), subsidized private (SE) and private (PE) of the Metropolitan Region. The responses to the questionnaires, were qualified using a numeric scale that ranged from 0 to 10 points. A higher score indicated a better habit. Results: Percentile 25 (p 25 th) PA score was 4 and 3 in elementary and high school children respectively and the p 25 th for DI were 5.7 and 4.3, respectively. No differences in DI scores, according to the type of school, were observed. However, physical activity scores were significantly lower in children and adolescents from ME schools than from PE schools. Sixty percent of ME schools had less than 2 hours per week of programmed physical activity compared to more than 3 hours, in 70% of PE schools. Elementary school children and high school adolescents expended 8 and 11 hours per day, respectively, in minimum expenditure activities. Conclusions: There is a greater deterioration of PA than DI among school age children and adolescents. Those attending ME schools have the worst physical activity scores. This fact must be addressed in future healthy lifestyle encouragement policies (Rev Med Chile 2008; 136: 53-63). (Key words: Child behavior; Child preschool; Exercise)

Valor de un test clínico para evaluar actividad física en niños

One hundred eighty children aged 8 to 13 years answered aninterviewer-administered questionnaire about their usual PA, consisting in 5 items (recumbent,seated, walking, playing outdoor, sports). The answers were converted to a PA score with a 0-10points scale. Reliability was tested in 87 children by test/retest conducted 3-5 days apart. The PAscore was compared with 3-day accelerometry in 77 of 93 children (35 obese and 42 nonobese). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal cut-point for identify an excessively sedentary child.

Obesidad en preescolares de la Región Metropolitana de Chile

Twice a year, we analyzed the data ofchildren aged 2 to 4 yrs, from day care centers belonging to the National Association of DayCare Centers located in Greater Santiago, from 2002 till 2004 (the number of children includedon each point in time fluctuated between 3,500 and 10,000). Cross-sectional and longitudinalanalyses were carried out to determine the evolution of obesity prevalence, weight for age (WA)and body mass index (BMI) Z scores (according to the Centers for Disease Control 2000reference) on preschoolers who were 2 years old in March 2002 and that were followed 3 years,until November 2004. These parameters were compared by age and gender over time.

ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS SELECCIONADOS EN ESCOLARES DE LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA: LINEA BASE PARA UN PROYECTO DE PROMOCIÓN DEL CONSUMO DE PESCADO

Resumen es: En 1.431 escolares de 4o basico (748 hombres y 683 mujeres) asistentes a escuelas de nivel socioeconomico (NSE) medio y bajo en Santiago, se evaluo el es...

ETAPAS DEL CAMBIO, BENEFICIOS Y BARRERAS EN ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y CONSUMO DE FRUTAS Y VERDURAS EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE

ABSTRACT As baseline for health promotion and education interventions design, the stages of change, benefits and barriers in physical activity and fruit and vegetables intake were studied in 449 university students from Santiago. Instruments internationally validated and adapted to the country were applied. In physical activity, men were significant more active than women. Benefits like “I feel well” o “it is entertaining” were more common in men and “to loose weight” was most common in women. Lack of time was the main barrier in both genders. 58% ate 1-2 portions of fruit and vegetables /daily and only 5% ate 5 portions daily. The main benefit associated with fruit and vegetables intake was “to be healthy”. Women were more motivated. “I am lazy for preparing them” or “I forget to eat them” were the most common barriers in both genders. These results will be useful in health promotion and education interventions with university students. Key words: university students, stages of change, attitudes, physical activity, fruit & vegetables intake.

Evolución del estado del estado nutricional de escolares chilenos de 6 años (1987- 2003)

BACKGROUND As a consequence of the epidemiological transition in Chile, the nutritional status of the population has changed notoriously. AIM To study the changes in the nutritional status of six years-old Chilean children from 1987 to 2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS The computer data base of a government institution in charge of the School Lunch Program (JUNAEB) was used. It contains data on weight, height, sex and date of birth of six years old children, in the years 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003. RESULTS The data of approximately 80,000 children was analyzed. Both weight and height increased over the study years. There was a significant reduction in the number of children with weight deficit but also an increase in the proportion of children with obesity. Stunting was also reduced. The proportion of children with HAZ over 2 SD increased from 0.76 in 1987 to 2.2% in 2003. The prevalence of obesity has not increased since the year 2000. CONCLUSION The stabilization in the prevalence of obesity is a positive finding, considering its adverse consequences for health.

Conocimientos y consumo alimentario en escolares, sus padres y profesores: un análisis comparativo

Resumen es: El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer un analisis comparativo del conocimiento y consumo alimentario entre los escolares, sus padres y profesores, que si...