Celso Valdevino Pommer

Distribuição geográfica e diversidade varietal de frutíferas e nozes de clima temperado no Estado de São Paulo

Pesquisaram-se, de 1998 a 2002, os locais e as areas de cultivo, o numero de plantas e as principais especies e cultivares comerciais de frutiferas e nozes de clima temperado do Estado de Sao Paulo. Para tanto, analisaram-se os dados do Projeto LUPA (Levantamento Censitario de Unidades de Producao Agricola do Estado de Sao Paulo) e de consultas aos fruticultores de diversas regioes paulistas. Verificou-se a existencia de 6 familias botânicas, 11 generos e 12 principais especies de frutiferas e uma de noz de clima temperado. Sao elas, em ordem decrescente do numero de plantas: videira rustica, videira fina, pessegueiro (incluindo nectarineira), figueira, caquizeiro, nogueira-macadâmia, macieira, ameixeira, pereira europeia, pereira asiatica, nespereira, quivizeiro e marmeleiro, sendo as duas primeiras responsaveis por 51% de toda a area ocupada com as referidas culturas de clima temperado. Constatou-se que esse segmento da fruticultura esta sendo praticado em 9.510 propriedades de 65% dos municipios paulistas, englobando todas as 40 regionais agricolas da CATI (Coordenadoria de Assistencia Tecnica e Integral), existentes no Estado. A videira e a pereira foram as unicas culturas que apresentaram mais de uma especie botânica sendo cultivada comercialmente. Foram detectadas 53 principais cultivares, sendo a cultura do pessegueiro responsavel pela maior fonte de diversidade varietal. Considerando as epocas de colheita das frutiferas e nozes pesquisadas, observaram-se producoes de frutos em todos os meses do ano, especialmente entre outubro e abril. Registraram-se novos e importantes nichos de cultivo nas regioes de Jales, Presidente Prudente, Barretos e Jau, com predominância das uvas finas, das peras asiaticas, dos pessegos adaptados e da nogueira-macadâmia, respectivamente.

Guava propagation through minicuttings

Minicutting is a method of vegetative propagation widely used in the formation of clonal minigarden of Eucalyptus. This technique presents potential to be used for fast multiplication of new genotypes of guava, giving support to breeding work and, also, as a more appropriate technology for use in certified propagation programs. This study was carried out to evaluate the viability of the minicutting technique as a method of guava propagation (Psidium guajava L.). Seedlings of guava, 118 days after sowing, were detopped and from this blunt 210 minicuttings were prepared, 13.5 mm to 37.9 mm long, and placed in commercial substrata to rooting in intermittent mist chamber. Fourty days after, 76% of the minicuttings have rooted and emitted aerial part. The ministumps of guava presented average of 1.52 sprouts per blunted seedling. Minicuttings of regrowth were prepared from the seedlings, 39 days after blunt. Thirty-five days after been planted, these minicuttings, with average length of 13.56 mm, presented 100% of rooting. Results demonstrated the viability of minicutting for fast multiplication of guava, which can give support to breeding works in preliminary selections of interesting genotypes.

Oito ciclos de seleção entre e dentro de famílias de meios irmãos no milho IAC-1

This paper presents the results of eight cycles of selection among and within half-sib families in the IAC-1 maize population. It was obtained an average progress of 1.9% per cycle in grain yield against an expected genetic progress of 8.8% per cycle. For ear index it was estimated an expected genetic progress of 1.5% per cycle if applied the same differential selection index as for yield. Nevertheless it was not done any systematic selection among progenies for this character. The percent of lodging did not alter greatly with the cycles of selection.

Influence of grape genotype, ripening season, seed trace size, and culture date on in ovule embryo development and plant formation

Dezoito genotipos de uvas (Vitis vinifera L.) apirenas, sem sementes diferindo na epoca de maturacao (precoce, media e tardia) c no tamanho da semente-traco (pequena, media e grande), foram colhidos a 6, 10, 14, 18 e 22 semanas apos o florescimento. Usando tecnicas de resgate de embriao, foi estudado se o embriao aborta a medida que o fruto amadurece e quais percentagens de embrioes permanecem viaveis em estadios mais avancados. O tamanho da semente-traco tambem foi investigado para determinar sua influencia na viabilidade do embriao durante a maturacao. Verificou-se que o genotipo tem grande influencia nas caracteristicas relacionadas com a cultura de embriao. Genotipos de maturacao tardia mostraram menos embrioes resgatados e germinados e menos plântulas transplantaveis do que aqueles precoces e medios. As melhores epocas para cultura visando ao resgate de embriao de uva sao as de 6 e 10 semanas apos o florescimento. Nessas datas, obtiveram-se os maiores numeros de embrioes germinados e de plântulas transplantaveis. Genotipos com as maiores relacoes entre peso de semente-traco/comprimento de semente-traco (isto e, maior densidade) revelaram-se propensos a ter maior numero de ovulos com embrioes, mais embrioes germinados e mais plântulas transplantaveis. O estudo tambem mostrou que e possivel obter plantas de frutos maduros colhidos tardiamente, embora a uma taxa mais reduzida.

Influência da adubação mineral NPK sobre a qualidade da semente de milho

Evaluation of possible effects of mineral nutrition on seed quality characteristics was made using seed of a permanent corn fertilization trial. The following determinations were made: 100 seeds weight, initial humidity content, germination percentage and vigor test (accelerated aging and first count). The first determination of germination percentage and first count was made after one month following of harvest and later every six months until 25 months of storage under laboratory conditions. The results showed that there was a main negative effect of phosphorus, either alone or interaction with N or K on the germination percentage. Vigor test (first count) did not show influence of fertilization on seed quality at the differents periods of storage. In most of the tests, grain yield and 100 seeds weight were negatively correlated with seed quality characteristics.Colhendo as sementes de um ensaio permanente de adubacao mineral NPK de milho, procurou-se avaliar possiveis efeitos da aplicacao de fertilizantes sobre algumas caracteristicas de qualidade da semente. Foram feitas as determinacoes seguintes: peso de cem sementes, teor de umidade inicial, porcentagem de germinacao e testes de vigor (envelhecimento rapido e primeira contagem). A porcentagem de germinacao e a primeira contagem foram realizadas desde o primeiro mes apos a colheita e, subsequentemente, de seis em seis meses, num total de 25 meses de armazenamento em condicoes de laboratorio. A principal observacao foi um efeito negativo marcante do fosforo, tanto isolado quanto em interacao com um ou mais elementos, sobre a porcentagem de germinacao. Pelo teste de vigor (primeira contagem), a qualidade das sementes nao foi influenciada pela adubacao nas diversas epocas de armazenamento. Na maioria dos casos estudados, as caracteristicas de producao de graos e peso de cem sementes correlacionaram-se negativamente com caracteristicas de qualidade da semente.

Influência do anelamento e do ácido giberélico em características do cultivar apireno de uvas Maria

Estudou-se o efeito da incisao anelar, de forma isolada ou em conjunto com acido giberelico, sobre os cachos e as bagas do cultivar apireno Maria (IAC 514-6), de vinhedos comerciais em Jundiai (SP). Os tratamentos efetuados 14 dias apos a floracao foram: (1) plantas aneladas; (2) plantas aneladas com racemos mergulhados em solucao de acido giberelico (GA3) a 200 mg/L; (3) plantas nao aneladas com racemos mergulhados em igual solucao e (4) testemunha: plantas e racemos desenvolvidos naturalmente. As caracteristicas analisadas foram: massa, comprimento e largura dos cachos; numero, massa, comprimento e largura de bagas; teor de solidos soluveis e pH. A testemunha, sem anelamento e sem GA3, foi inferior aos demais tratamentos. O anelamento e o GA3 melhoraram extraordinariamente a massa, o comprimento e a largura dos cachos, e o numero, a massa, o comprimento e a largura das bagas, em comparacao com a testemunha. O efeito isolado do GA3 foi superior ao do anelamento em quase todas as caracteristicas. O anelamento isolado induziu um teor de solidos soluveis bastante superior ao dos demais tratamentos. O efeito conjunto do anelamento e do GA3 foi muito superior ao dos demais tratamentos, em todas as caracteristicas fisicas de cachos e de bagas.

AVALIAÇÃO DO CLONE HÍBRIDO A1105 DE UVAS BRANCAS SEM SEMENTES SOBRE DOIS PORTA-ENXERTOS

Scions of A1105, a white seedless grape obtained at University of Arkansas, USA, were grafted on IAC 766 and Kober 5BB rootstocks at Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Plants were evaluated in 1994, after the second production pruning, and data were obtained on yield per plant, cluster number, weight, length and width, berry weight, length and width, total soluble solids and trunk diameter at 60 cm height. The performance of A1105 on both rootstocks was similar, except for berry width, which was larger on Kober 5BB. Berry weight ranged from 3 to 6 g without application of gibberellic acid. Berries showed a nice neutral flavor and an almost crisp texture, with good eating quality. Plants showed high vigor and very high bud fertility, producing 26 bunches per meter of cordon, which led to an estimated potential yield of more than 20 t/ha. Clusters were well formed, with medium compactness, conical shape, in average weighing more than 225 g. A1105 is a promising early clone for Campinas region, with a cycle no longer than 113 days, from pruning to harvest.

Rooting stimulation in muscadine grape cuttings

The muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) is native to Florida and has been cultivated for many years in U.S.A. It is harvested as single berries instead of in bunches and has small leaves. The fruit skin is thicker than those of bunch-type grapes. One reason for its popularity is that the muscadine is seldom seriously affected by diseases or insects. The muscadine grape is not readily propagated by hardwood cuttings, therefore the present work was carried out to develop a method for commercial propagation of its cuttings, using treatments with growth regulators (auxins) and low temperature. The results showed that the rooting of both basal and middle shoots of muscadine grape is better than the rooting of terminal sections of the shoots. Cuttings treated with low temperature (4°C) during 24 hours, or immersion of the cuttings bases in solutions of Exuberone 10 and 20 ml.l-1, promoted rooting of middle and basal cuttings, respectively. The growth of leaves in both basal and middle cuttings was superior in the treatment with low temperature.

Polinização natural e artificial da cherimóia (Annona cherimola Mill.) no Estado de São Paulo

Experiments were carried out to determine which pollination method produces fruits of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) in larger amount and quality. The experiment was installed in a commercial orchard located in the county of Pedra Bela - SP, at an altitude of 1150 meters. The plants were in their own roots with an age of 20 years. The experiment was accomplished in two periods, the first began in November 1999 and concluded in June 2000; the second began in November of 2000 and was concluded in June 2001. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 3 treatments and 12 replicates. The treatments were the following ones: 1) natural pollination; 2) hand pollination (with mixture of pollen from different plants); 3) self-pollination (sacked flowers). The plants in the blocks were pollinated in different days. The evaluation of fruit set happened 10 days after the pollination and the amount of fruits with perfect or defective shape after 40 days. After harvest, the fruits were individually weighed. two fruit in 1999 and three fruit in 2000 of each treatment were taken, for the following determinations: seed and pulp weigh, number of seeds per 100 g of pulp. Hand pollination of cherimoya provided a larger fruit set (61.2% and 50.4%) in relation to natural pollination (19.6% and 3.3%) in the years of 1999 and 2000, respectively. It was more effective when accomplished under temperature conditions varying from 17 oC to 22 oC and relative air humidity among 70 and 80%. It was also verified an increase on the percentage of perfect fruits (in 2000), mass of the fruit and on the index of seeds/100 g of pulp of the fruits pollinated artificially in relation to the naturally pollinated.

Conservação refrigerada de cherimóia embalada em filme plástico com zeolite

Fruits of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) cv. Fino of Jete were harvested from an orchard situated in Conceicao dos Ouros - MG, Brazil, in March 2000. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the post harvest conservation of fruits packed with zeolite films. Fruits with better quality were selected and divided into two treatments: a) packed with polyethylene coextrused film with incorporation of a mineral called zeolit; b) control (without plastic film). The fruits were packed in cardboard boxes and cold-stored at 12 ± 1 oC; 90%-95% of RH for four weeks in Instituto Agronomico, Campinas, Brazil. Mass loss of the fruits, external color, appearance, firmness, total soluble solids, total titrable acidity and ratio were evaluated during four weeks. It was noticed that control fruits start to show physical and chemical changes from the 2nd until the 3rd week. In the third week the control fruits were rather depreciated, while the zeolite treatment maintained almost unchanged the physical and chemical characteristics evaluated. It was concluded that fruits could be maintained under cold storage for two weeks, while the fruits packed with zeolite films could be stored for four weeks at 12 ±1 oC and 90%-95% RH.