Fernando Picarelli Martins

Determinação da área foliar em videira cultivar Niagara Rosada

Width of leaf blade was closely correlated with leaf area in leaves of grapes cv. Niagara Rosada. It was found that the shape of any leaf was similar to a circle. A short-cut procedure for estimating easily, rapidly and precisely the leaf area was developed. The equation relating leaf area (AF) to width of leaf blade (L) was: AF = 0.85 p (L/2)2.

CONSERVAÇÃO E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DA PEREIRA PORTA-ENXERTO TAIWAN NASHI-C

Taiwan Nashi-C (Pyrus calleryana Decaisne), an oriental rootstock pear, was investigated for 30 months in respect to seed cold storage, longevity, germination and seedling development. The seeds removed from mature fruits, were washed, dried, treated with Thiran and placed in closed botles under controlled environment (5-10oC) for thirty months. The seeds were stratified trimestrially over moist cotton substrate at 5oC for 40-60 days. One hundred percent germination ocurred until the 9th month, decreasing to 97, 94, 83 and 76% in the 12th, 18th, 24th, and 30th month of seed cold storage, with seedling emergency of 88, 89, 81, 76 and 70% respectivelly. The seedlings presented a rapid and vigorous growth, with average height of 141.5cm and diameter of 11.9mm, after twelve months from emergency. About 20% of the population showed abnormalities, with undesirable segregation.

AVALIAÇÃO DO CLONE HÍBRIDO A1105 DE UVAS BRANCAS SEM SEMENTES SOBRE DOIS PORTA-ENXERTOS

Scions of A1105, a white seedless grape obtained at University of Arkansas, USA, were grafted on IAC 766 and Kober 5BB rootstocks at Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Plants were evaluated in 1994, after the second production pruning, and data were obtained on yield per plant, cluster number, weight, length and width, berry weight, length and width, total soluble solids and trunk diameter at 60 cm height. The performance of A1105 on both rootstocks was similar, except for berry width, which was larger on Kober 5BB. Berry weight ranged from 3 to 6 g without application of gibberellic acid. Berries showed a nice neutral flavor and an almost crisp texture, with good eating quality. Plants showed high vigor and very high bud fertility, producing 26 bunches per meter of cordon, which led to an estimated potential yield of more than 20 t/ha. Clusters were well formed, with medium compactness, conical shape, in average weighing more than 225 g. A1105 is a promising early clone for Campinas region, with a cycle no longer than 113 days, from pruning to harvest.

Ocorrência de Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hempel) (homoptera: margarodidae) em videira no município de Louveira, Estado de São Paulo

A survey on vineyards at Louveira, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, carried out in 1986 revealed a limited but pronounced manifestation of decay, including death of some plants. Analysis of the root system of symptomatic plants showed infestation of Eurhizococcus brasiliensis females. This insect is a serious grape pest in Southern Brazil. In the State of Sao Paulo, however, occurrence of E. brasiliensis on grape had so far been restricted to Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Guarei counties. The region in which Louveira is located has been the most important grape producing area of the State. Therefore, due to the harm this pest represents to the grape crop, the growers should be alerted to prevent further dissemination.

Tamanho da parcela e número de repetições em experimentos com morangueiro

Sao discutidos os resultados obtidos em um ensaio de uniformidade, constituido de 432 unidades basicas de 0,54 m2, para determinacao de tamanho, forma de parcelas e numero de repeticoes para experimentos com morangueiro. As unidades basicas foram agrupadas de modo a permitir o estudo de 32 diferentes formatos de parcelas. A partir dos dados de producao foram calculados, para cada formato, os coeficientes de variacao, cujos valores praticamente independeram da forma de parcela ate agrupamentos de seis unidades basicas. A medida de variabilidade do solo foi o indice b calculado atraves da formula empirica desenvolvida por Fairfield Smith, Vx = V/xb. O valor 0,2214 obtido para b indicou que o solo onde o ensaio foi conduzido era bastante homogeneo. O tamanho otimo da parcela, determinado para diferentes relacoes de precos de custo do ensaio associados ao indice b, variou de 0,28 a 2,55 unidades basicas com areas de 0,15 a 1,38 m2. Utilizando o metodo de Hatheway determinou-se que em area total fixa, parcelas menores e maior numero de repeticoes permitem detectar diferencas menores entre medias de tratamentos.

Pollen storage and germination, pollination and fruit set in subtropical peaches and nectarines

Pesquisaram-se ambientes, periodos de conservacao e meios de cultura para germinacao do polen, alem de frutificacao afetiva sob autopolinizacao e polinizacao aberta em 25 cultivares e selecoes de pessegueiros e nectarineiras do Banco de Germoplasma do Instituto Agronomico (IAC). Os polens conservados em dessecador a 0 ± 1 °C mantiveram por 60 dias ates taxas de germinacao (acima de 70%). Em ambiente de laboratorio (25 +1 2aC), o polen perdeu rapidamente sua viabilidade; apos o 3° dia de armazenamento, o vigor germinativo diminuiu progressivamente. A melhor germinacao do polen in vitro (89%) ocorreu em meio contendo solucao salina de Murashige & Skoog, sacarose 5% e agar 0,7%. Os cultivates a selecoes analisados mostraram-se autoferteis, excetuando-se a nectarina IACN1574-25, que apresentou a caracteristica genetica da androesterilidade. As altas frutificacoes efetivas, tanto sob autopolinizacao quanto polinizacao livre (> 50%), foram obtidas pelos cultivares Joia-1, Ouromel-3, Aurora-1 , Aurora-2 e Flordaprince e hibridos IAC 680-13 e IAC 680-178.

Comportamento do marmeleiro 'Mendoza INTA-37'

Relatam-se observacoes e dados obtidos durante dez anos com o cultivar de marmelo Mendoza INTA-37, selecionado no Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Argentina, que apresentou excelente adaptacao nas condicoes de inverno brando paulista. Os frutos sao grandes, globosos e de belo aspecto. A polpa e clara, de consistencia firme e textura meio grosseira; as lojas cartilaginosas sao grandes e ha pouca mucilagem envolvendo as sementes, relativamente pouco numerosas, cerca de 17 por fruto. A planta e de porte volumoso, vigorosa, produtiva e de baixa suscetibilidade a entomosporiose. O florescimento e um tanto tardio, porem os frutos amadurecem cedo, ao final de janeiro, nas condicoes de Jundiai, SP. Os frutos apresentam aptidao para fins industriais, pois, manufaturados experimentalmente, resultaram em marmelada semelhante aquelas obtidas de modo artesanal, com os cultivares Portugal ou Smyrna. Essas caracteristicas justificam a inclusao do cultivar Mendoza INTA-37 nos pomares comerciais em Sao Paulo, e no programa de melhoramento varietal do marmeleiro, do Instituto Agronomico.

Germinação de sementes de maçã

Two experiments were performed to study the seed germination of several apple varieties at the Instituto Agronomico de Campinas, SP, Brazil. In the first of the experiments seeds of 30 apple cultivars were collected from ripe fruits and maintained stratified in moist substratum in cold storage (5-10°C) to break dormancy. Twenty six out of the 30 varieties tested showed germination Over 93%. The germination had started in the third month while-the-seeds were still in the refrigerator, continued rapidly during the fourth and fifth months, and was completed at the sixth month. In the second trial seeds of three local apple cultivars were collected from ripe fruits, kept in various storage conditions, and sowed immediately or after 90 days stratification period in cold storage. Those seeds extracted from ripe fruits maintained at lab ambiental conditions by different periods, showed decrescent germination indexes, probably due to the pernicious effect of pulp deterioration. The best results were obtained when the seeds were extracted immediately and sowed after a period of stratification to break dormancy. Seeds collected from fruits kept in cold storage and sowed after cold stratification showed also high germination percentage.

Influência do espaçamento na produtividade da amora-preta, cv. Ébano, em Jundiaí

The blackberry, cv. Ebano, yield was evaluated during the growing seasons of 1992/93 and 1993/94, considering two plant densities: 3 x 1 m and 3 x 0.5 m. Although the yield varied between 1,786 and 2,900 kg.ha-1 there was no statistical difference concerning plant density. The yield of blackberry, at Jundiai, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was concentrated during the period from the last fifteen-day of January through the first fifteen-day of February.

Conservação de sementes de marmelo

Analisou-se na Secao de Fruticultura de Clima Temperado do Instituto Agronomico, durante os anos de 1974, 1975 e 1976, a viabilidade das sementes de marmelo, das variedades Portugal, Smyrna e Cheldow, submetidas a quatro condicoes de armazenagem: sacos de papel ou de plastico, em frigorifico (5-10oC) e em ambiente de laboratorio, sempre por 12 e 24 meses. Apos 12 meses de armazenamento, as quatro condicoes utilizadas nao afetaram a viabilidade das sementes, que tiveram emergencia inalterada em relacao a inicial. Apos 24 meses, houve superioridade da embalagem de plastico sobre a de papel, e do ambiente de frigorifico sobre o de laboratorio. As medias de emergencia das tres variedades, que se comportaram de forma identica, foram as seguintes: em plastico no frigorifico: 83%; em plastico em ambiente: 58; em papel no frigorifico: 55; e em papel em ambiente: 42. O resultado apresentado pelo tratamento saco de papel-ambiente e atribuido a maior absorcao da umidade do ar pelas sementes, afetando-lhes a viabilidade, embora o indice de emergencia ainda tivesse sido aceitavel.