Cibele Silva Minafra

Efeitos do Ácido L-Glutâmico e da Vitamina D3 no Desempenho e nas Anomalias Ósseas de Pintos de Corte

Um experimento foi conduzido para estudar os efeitos de niveis de acido L-Glutâmico (L-Glu) e vitamina D3 (VD) da dieta em pintos de corte de um dia, machos, Hubbard, recebendo dieta basica purificada, contendo todos os L-aminoacidos essenciais, minerais e vitaminas (exceto vitamina D3), suplementada com 5, 10 e 15% de L-Glu, combinados com 0, 5.000, 10.000 e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3. O experimento foi realizado utilizando-se esquema fatorial, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado 3 x 4, com quatro repeticoes de sete aves cada. O ganho de peso aumentou ate o nivel maximo estimado, de 8,56% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3. A melhor taxa de conversao alimentar foi verificada com nivel estimado de 8,40% de L-Glu. O maior consumo de racao estimado foi obtido com 8,48% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3. Houve reducao na incidencia de problemas de pernas com 10% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3. L-Glu estimado em 8,56% e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3 permitiu um melhor desempenho das aves, confirmando que esse aminoacido e boa fonte de nitrogenio nao-especifico para maximizar o desempenho e reduzir a incidencia de problemas de pernas.

Effects of dietary L-glutamic acid and K vitamin in the biochemical composition in femurs of broilers at 14 days of age

Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da combinacao de acido L-glutâmico (L-Glu) e vitamina K na composicao bioquimica de femures (proteinas colagenosas; nao-colagenosas e totais) de frangos de corte. O experimento, que teve 14 dias de duracao, foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 × 4, com dois niveis de acido L-glutâmico (6,25 e 12,5%) combinados com quatro niveis de vitamina K (0,02; 0,2; 2,0 e 20,0 mg/kg de racao), cada combinacao com quatro repeticoes de dez animais. Foram utilizados pintos machos, Avian Farm, de 1 dia, criados em baterias aquecidas e alimentados a vontade com dieta basica contendo L-aminoacidos essenciais, minerais e vitaminas (exceto vitamina K) suplementada com acido L-glutâmico e vitamina K. Ao termino do experimento, os animais foram sacrificados por deslocamento cervical e seus femures removidos, medidos, desengordurados e pesados. Nao foi observada interacao significativa entre acido L-glutâmico e vitamina K para os parâmetros estudados. Os teores de proteinas nao-colagenosas foram maiores e o de proteinas colagenosas, menores nos femures dos pintos alimentados com a racao com 6,25% de acido L-glutâmico. Os teores de proteinas totais, no entanto, nao foram afetados pelos niveis de acido L-glutâmico e de vitamina K. Os niveis de vitamina K tiveram efeito quadratico decrescente nos teores de proteinas nao-colagenosas e efeito crescente na composicao de proteinas colagenosas dos femures. A composicao em proteinas colagenosas e nao-colagenosas pode ser utilizada como indicador bioquimico de anormalidades de pernas causadas por baixo nivel de nitrogenio nao-especifico.

Efeitos do Ácido L-Glutâmico e da Vitamina D3 na Composição Química de Fêmures e Tibiotarsos de Pintos de Corte

The experiment aimed to study the effects of three levels (5; 10; and 15%) of L-Glutamic Acid (L-Glu) and four levels of vitamin D3 (VD) on the chemical composition of bones of broiler chicks, Hubbard. The purified diets used contained all essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals at adequate levels and were supplemented with of L-Glu and with 0, 5,000, 10,000 and 15,000 IU of vitamin D3. The experimental design was a factorial 3 x 4 with four replicates with seven chicks each. The highest content of femur ash (40.6%) and tibiotarsus ash (40.73%) was obtained with, respectively, 15% of L-Glu and 8,503 IU of VD and 15% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. There was no significant effect on calcium (37.01%) and phosphorus (20.55%) contents of tibiotarsus ash. The better Ca:P relationship on tibiotarsus was equal 1.80. The better Ca:P relationship of the femur (1.95) was obtained with 5% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. There was a reduction on magnesium contents of the femur with L-Glu and VD supplementation. The highest tibiotarsus magnesium content (1.2%) was obtained with 5% of L-Glu and 5,000 IU of VD. Although some differences were observed in the mineral composition of bones, the mineral contents were in physiological range and were not related with leg weakness incidence observed.

Perfil bioquímico e nutricional do ácido glutâmico e da vitamina K no soro e no fígado de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade

Foram investigados os efeitos nutricionais de dois niveis de acido L-glutâmico (L-Glu) combinados a quatro niveis de vitamina K (vit. K) no soro e no figado de pintos de corte machos, Hubbard, de 1 dia de idade, criados em baterias aquecidas recebendo dieta basica purificada suplementada com 6,25 e 12,5% de acido glutâmico combinados a 0,02; 0,2; 2,0 e 20,0 mg de vit. K/kg. Duzentas e cinquenta e seis aves foram distribuidas em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes de oito aves. As concentracoes de calcio e a fosfatase alcalina (FA) no soro nao diferiram aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de idade. Os niveis sericos de fosforo diferiram aos 21 dias de idade e foram maiores com 12,5% de acido glutâmico. O peso de figado foi maior nas aves alimentadas com a dieta com 6,25% de acido glutâmico e 12,5% de acido glutâmico + 0,02 mg vit. K/kg. Os niveis sericos de proteinas totais mantiveram-se muito abaixo do normal. As concentracoes da enzima glutamato-piruvato transaminase (GPT) foram elevadas nas aves alimentadas com acido glutâmico e vit. K nos niveis avaliados. A enzima alanina aminotransferase foi encontrada em concentracao muito superior aos niveis considerados normais para aves alimentadas com dietas contendo acido glutâmico e vitamina K nos niveis avaliados. Os niveis de vit. K estudados nao afetaram a absorcao de calcio e fosforo e da enzima fosfatase alcalina nem o metabolismo do tecido osseo. O nivel de nitrogenio nao-especifico (acido glutâmico) de 6,25% das dietas alterou o metabolismo do tecido osseo, como resultado da maior concentracao de fosfatase alcalina no soro das aves.

Uso de enzimas para aumentar a qualidade nutricional de farinhas de origem animal

The continued growth of the food industry results in a large amount of animal slaughterhouse waste. The processing of this meat results in a huge amount of coproduct. The large amount of waste produced besides being a great loss of material with great potential for reuse in the productive chain, also causes serious management problems, both economic and environmental. One of the residues generated is animal meal (FOA), an ingredient rich in proteins, minerals and energy source in rations of monogastric animals. The use of enzymes becomes an interesting strategy because they can make FOA an ingredient of greater nutritional value. Enzyme supplementation benefits the digestion and absorption of the ingredients, and their addition in animal meal can improve the nutritional quality of the rations and, consequently, the performance of the chickens. This review presents a discussion on enzymes useful for animal nutrition, especially the proteases used in the hydrolysis of protein residues, such as FOA.

Effects of processing, particle size and moisturizing of sorghum-based feeds on pellet quality and broiler production

Objective This study aimed to assess the effect of pelleted and expanded sorghum-based feeds prepared with different moisture levels and particle size of ingredients on metabolizable energy, ileal digestibility of amino acids and broiler performance. Methods The experiment was performed with 720 male broiler chicks of the Cobb strain, with treatments of six replications, with 15 birds each; they were arranged in a completely randomized design and 2×2×2 factorial scheme (pelleted or expanded feed processing, 0.8% or 1.6% moisture addition in the mixer, and particle size of 650 or 850 microns). Results Higher pellet quality (pellets, % and pellet durability index [PDI]) was obtained in expanded diets and inclusion of 1.6% moisture. The particle size of 850 microns increased the PDI of final diet. All studied treatments had no significant effect on weight gain and broiler carcass and cut yields. Lower feed conversion occurred for birds fed pelleted feed at 42 d. The highest apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) values of feed in the initial rearing phase (10 to 13 days) were observed in birds fed pelleted feed or for feed prepared with 1.6% moisture. The highest ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids were obtained with the consumption of pelleted feed prepared with a particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture. Conclusion Pelleted feed prepared with a milling particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture provided increased ileal digestibility of amino acids and AMEn in the starter period. However, the expanded feed improved pellet quality and feed conversion of broilers at 42 days of age. We conclude that factors such as moisture, particle size and processing affect the pellet quality, and therefore should be considered when attempting to optimize broiler performance.

Turmeric and sorghum for egg-laying quails

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of adding different turmeric amounts to sorghum-based diets for Japanese quails on animal performance, animal metabolism, yolk colour, egg quality, blood and liver biochemical parameters and sensory attributes of the eggs. The study included 210 egg-laying quails aged 50 days and lasted for 90 days. The study had a completely randomised design with six treatments and five replicates with seven birds per replicate. A control corn-based feed and sorghum-based feeds to which different turmeric levels were added (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2%) were tested. The results showed that the sorghum-based feeds with added turmeric levels did not affect animal performance, metabolisation of protein and ether extract, internal and external quality of eggs, serum biochemical profile, including calcium, phosphorous, protein and liver transaminase enzymes. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased when ≥0.5% percentages of turmeric were added to the feed. Yolk colour of the treatments differed significantly from that of the control, but the yolks were considered well suited for consumption. Turmeric reduced the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in egg-laying quails.

Desempenho e perfil sérico bioquímico de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo produtos homeopáticos

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding homeopathic products on performance and serum biochemical profile of broilers. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments and eight repetitions of 20 birds each, a total of 640 broiler, males. The trataments avalied was: Control (diet without incluision of homeopathic factors), Factor Pro birds® (FP) (supplied from the 1st to 42 days old), Factor Stress birds® (FE) (provided until 14 days of life for birds), Factor Stress birds® + Factor Pro birds® (FS + FP) (FE supplied until 14 days of age, with the supply of the FP 15 to 42 days of age). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. The inclusion of homeopathics products increased the mean weight and weight gain of birds to 21 days of age. At 42 days, were determined greater productive efficiency and viability (%) for broilers consuming diets with the addition of PF and EF, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the serum biochemical parameters total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and transaminases GOT and GPT, however, there was a decrease in cholesterol levels for broilers fed diet containing FP. It is concluded that homeopathic factors do not affect the performance of broilers at 42 days of age, however, improve the carcass yield, productive efficiency, viability and reduce serum cholesterol levels.