George Henrique Kling de Moraes

Balanço eletrolítico e níveis de proteína bruta sobre parâmetros sangüíneos e ósseos de frangos de corte aos 21 dias de idade

An experiment was conducted to determine the best electrolyte balance (EB) for broiler chicks from one to 21 days of age, based on blood and bone parameters. One day old chicks, male, Ross were reared on floor covered with shaving woods and fed with two corn-soybean meal based diet with 20 and 23% of crude protein (CP) combined with 0; 50; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300 and 350 mEq/kg of EB. The experiment was analised as a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of treatments (two CP levels and eight EB) with six replicates of 22 chicks each. It were evaluated blood levels of calcium, phosphorus and total proteins. Ash, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium in the bone were also measured at 21 days of age. The best values of EB estimated were 168 (20% CP) and 245 (23% CP) mEq/kg for blood calcium. The EB value obtained for the lowest level of blood total protein was 189 (23% CP) mEq/kg. The optimum EB obtained in the blood were the minimum points of the regression curve. The best value for calcium in the bone was 132 mEq/kg (23% CP). The dietary EB should be from 150 to 200 mEq/kg, concerning the biological responses of broiler chicks (from 1 to 21 days of age).An experiment was conducted to determine the best electrolyte balance (EB) for broiler chicks from one to 21 days of age, based on blood and bone parameters. One day old chicks, male, Ross were reared on floor covered with shaving woods and fed with two corn-soybean meal based diet with 20 and 23% of crude protein (CP) combined with 0; 50; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300 and 350 mEq/kg of EB. The experiment was analised as a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of treatments (two CP levels and eight EB) with six replicates of 22 chicks each. It were evaluated blood levels of calcium, phosphorus and total proteins. Ash, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium in the bone were also measured at 21 days of age. The best values of EB estimated were 168 (20% CP) and 245 (23% CP) mEq/kg for blood calcium. The EB value obtained for the lowest level of blood total protein was 189 (23% CP) mEq/kg. The optimum EB obtained in the blood were the minimum points of the regression curve. The best value for calcium in the bone was 132 mEq/kg (23% CP). The dietary EB should be from 150 to 200 mEq/kg, concerning the biological responses of broiler chicks (from 1 to 21 days of age).

Balanço eletrolítico e níveis de proteína bruta sobre o desempenho de pintos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Science of UFV to determine the best electrolyte balance (EB) for broiler chicks performance from one to 21 days of age. One day old chicks, male, Ross were reared in the floor covered with shaving woods and fed two corn-soybean meal based diet with 20 and 23% of crude protein (CP) combined with 0; 50; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300 and 350 mEq/kg of EB. The experiment was analyzed as a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of treatments (two CP levels and eight EB) with six replicates of 22 chicks each and 96 experimental units. Weigh gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed efficience (FE) were evaluates at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. The best EB estimate at 21 days for the FI were 185 (20% CP) and 194 (23% CP). However, for the WG, the best EB obtained were 166 (20% CP) and 177 (23% CP). Outside these levels of EB, restriction of FC ocurred and probable increase of water consumption. The FE was not significant. Based on the obtained data, EB should be from 166 to 177 mEq/kg for the best performance of chicks. It was also verified that it is possible to decrease the CP level without affecting the performance of the chicks if the rations were adequately supplemented by essential aminoacids in order to supply the nutritional requirement of the chicks.

Efeitos do Ácido L-Glutâmico e da Vitamina D3 no Desempenho e nas Anomalias Ósseas de Pintos de Corte

Um experimento foi conduzido para estudar os efeitos de niveis de acido L-Glutâmico (L-Glu) e vitamina D3 (VD) da dieta em pintos de corte de um dia, machos, Hubbard, recebendo dieta basica purificada, contendo todos os L-aminoacidos essenciais, minerais e vitaminas (exceto vitamina D3), suplementada com 5, 10 e 15% de L-Glu, combinados com 0, 5.000, 10.000 e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3. O experimento foi realizado utilizando-se esquema fatorial, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado 3 x 4, com quatro repeticoes de sete aves cada. O ganho de peso aumentou ate o nivel maximo estimado, de 8,56% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3. A melhor taxa de conversao alimentar foi verificada com nivel estimado de 8,40% de L-Glu. O maior consumo de racao estimado foi obtido com 8,48% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3. Houve reducao na incidencia de problemas de pernas com 10% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3. L-Glu estimado em 8,56% e 15.000 UI de vitamina D3 permitiu um melhor desempenho das aves, confirmando que esse aminoacido e boa fonte de nitrogenio nao-especifico para maximizar o desempenho e reduzir a incidencia de problemas de pernas.

Efeitos de tratamento combinado de alendronato de sódio, atorvastatina cálcica e ipriflavona na osteoporose induzida com dexametasona em ratas

The objective of this work was to study the influence of the combinations: biphosphonate (alendronate of sodium) + statin (calcic atorvastatin), biphosphonate (sodium alendronate) + flavonoid (ipriflavone) and statin (calcic atorvastatin) + flavonoid (ipriflavone) in female rats with osteoporosis induced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The influence of the combinations of those drugs was observed through tests of the biochemical markers of bone remodeling, such as, levels of serum calcium and phosphorus and bone alkaline phosphatase and through histomorphometric exam, visualizing the bone trabecular density. Through the evaluation of the bone trabecular density it was possible to verify the clear increase in any group of treated animals. The combinations with biphosphonate presented high rates of bone tissue restoration, reaching higher values than those of normal animals. The results obtained with biochemical markers were not statistically significant and did not subsidies the diagnosis and the follow of the osteoporosis. However, the histomorphometric evaluation allowed us the static and dynamic analyses as well as detection of tissue alterations in the bone metabolic unit, particularly in the trabecular bone.

Balanço eletrolítico e níveis de proteína bruta sobre o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a umidade da cama de frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade

An trial was conducted to determine the best electrolyte balance (EB) for broilers from 1 to 42 days old. In the first phase of the experiment 2,112 Ross chicks male were reared in the floor covered with shaving woods and fed two corn-soybean meal based diet: one with 20 and one with 23% of crude protein (CP) combined with 0; 50; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300 and 350 mEq/kg of EB. In the growing phase, 1,728 broilers of the total, remained in the experimental units and were fed only a basal diet. The experiment was analyzed as a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of treatments (two protein sequences and eight EB levels) and six replicates of 18 broilers each one. The following parameters were evaluated: weigh gain (WG), feed consumption (FC), feed efficiency (FE), carcass yield, noble cuts and the dry matter of broiler litter at 42 days of age. The best EB estimated at 42 days were 179 (20-20% CP) and 185 (23-20% CP) mEq/kg for the WG and similar values were found for the highest FC, 193 (20-20% CP) and 192 (23-20% CP) mEq/kg. The FE (23-20% CP) had the best value estimated 159 mEq/kg, lower than the values found for WG and FC. For carcass yield and noble cuts the best values obtained were similar to the performance values. The values obtained for the highest level of dry matter in the broiler litter were 138 (20-20% CP) and 148 (23-20% CP) mEq/kg. Based on the obtained data, EB should be from 160 to 190 mEq/kg for the best performance of broilers from 1 to 42 days old.

Efeitos do Ácido L-Glutâmico e da Vitamina D3 nos Fêmures e Tibiotarsos de Pintos de Corte

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of three levels (5, 10 and 15%) of L-Glutamic Acid (L-Glu) and four levels (0, 5000, 10,000 and 15,000 IU/kg of diet) of vitamin D3 (VD) on bone parameters of 14 days male broilers, Hubbard. They were fed purified amino acid diets and reared in electrically heated batteries. The experimental design was a factorial 3 x 4 with four replicates with seven chicks each. The length of bones increased up to an estimated level of 9.51% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD for femur bone (37.61 mm) and 9.99% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD for tibiotarsus (50.36 mm). The femur (3.62 mm) and tibiotarsus (3.17 mm) diameters increased up, respectively, an estimated level of 10.49% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD and 11.04% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. The maximum breaking strength for femur (52.47 kgf/mm) and tibiotarsus (43.35 kgf/mm) was obtained with 8,978 IU and 12,591 IU, respectively. No significant effects were observed on femur collagenous proteins contents (23.44 mg/100 g). On the other side, the smallest contents of non-collagenous proteins (NCP) were observed with 9.32% and 9.73% of L-Glu on femur (2.5 mg/100 g) and tibiotarsus (2.15 mg/100 g), respectively. The highest contents of total protein in femur and tibiotarsus were, respectively, 30.04 mg/100 g and 30.03 mg/100 g. Chicks fed 10% L-Glu and 15,000 IU VD had good development of bones, better performance, lower NCP contents and a lower incidence of leg problems.

Efeitos da inclusão de farelo do resíduo de manga no desempenho de frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the use of residue mango (Mangifera indica L., var. Uba) meal (RMM) in diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days old. A total of 600 male Ross chicks were distributed to a completely randomized design, with 5 diets and with 6 repetitions of 20 birds each. Diets consisted of the inclusion of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% of RMM in diets based on corn and soybean meal. Feed consumption, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and productive efficiency index were evaluated. In the period from 1 to 42 days, there was no effect of RMM levels in feed consumption. Average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio was not also affected by inclusion of 2.5 and 5.0% of RMM in the diet. The inclusion up to 5% of residue of mango meal in the diet did not affect the performance of chickens in the period from 1 to 42 days old.

Alfa-amilase em frangos de corte: efeitos do balanço eletrolítico e do nível protéico da dieta

Um experimento foi conduzido com pintos de corte macho para o estudo dos efeitos dos niveis de 20 e 23% de PB combinados com 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mEq/kg de balanco dietetico eletrolitico (BDE) sobre a atividade da a-amilase pancreatica de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Dietas e agua foram fornecidas ad libitum. Aos 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias, tres aves de cada tratamento foram sacrificadas por deslocamento cervical para remocao do pâncreas, o qual foi removido, homogeneizado, congelado em nitrogenio liquido e liofilizado. Uma aliquota de cada amostra foi solubilizada em agua deionizada e centrifugada a 7500 x g por 3 minutos a 4oC, para determinacao da atividade da a-amilase no sobrenadante. Aves alimentadas com 20% de PB apresentaram atividades especificas (U/mg de proteina) superiores a daquelas que receberam 23%, exceto para os niveis de BDE de 100 a 200 mEq/kg, aos 14 dias. Observou-se tendencia de aumento da atividade especifica dos 7 aos 14 dias e reducao dos 14 aos 21 dias. Para maior atividade especifica de a-amilase, recomendam-se dietas com 20% de PB e 200 mEq/kg de BDE na fase pre-inicial e dietas com 20% de PB e 135 a 250 mEq/kg de BDE para frangos de corte dos 8 aos 21 dias de idade.

Evaluation of bony quality through biochemical, morphometrics and biomechanical aspects of broilers.

The objective of the experiment was to determine the biochemical, morphometrics and biomechanical aspects of femur bones of broilers. It was used six hundred male and female broilers at one day of age from three different lines (Hb1 and Hb2 – UFV and Hb3 – commercial). They were fed ad libitum on starter (1 to 21 days), grower (22 to 35 days) and finisher (36 to 42 days) rations. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement 3 × 2 (three lines and two sexes) with 5 replicates and 10 birds per experimental unit (box). The weight, length, cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, maximum load, modulus of elasticity, bending strength, collagenous and non collagenous proteins and body weight of the broilers were evaluated in the femur. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age, one male and one female of each line were randomly selected per box, in a total of five boxes per line. Among lines, Hb3 presented higher superior body weight in all ages, and among sexes, the males were heavier. The strength of maximum load was higher for the males and lines HB3 was higher than HB1and equal to HB2 at 42 days of age. The worst results of elasticity and bending strength at 42 days of age were observed in males from line HB2, which did not differ from HB3 regarded to bending at 42 days of age and to elasticity measured in all ages, which characterizes low bone quality of the males and line HB3. Biomechanical aspects of femurs bones, as modulus of elasticity and bending strength, to correct and avoid bone damages of broilers due to their heavier weight.The objective of the experiment was to determine the biochemical, morphometrics and biomechanical aspects of femur bones of broilers. It was used six hundred male and female broilers at one day of age from three different lines (Hb1 and Hb2 - UFV and Hb3 - commercial). They were fed ad libitum on starter (1 to 21 days), grower (22 to 35 days) and finisher (36 to 42 days) rations. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement 3 × 2 (three lines and two sexes) with 5 replicates and 10 birds per experimental unit (box). The weight, length, cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, maximum load, modulus of elasticity, bending strength, collagenous and non collagenous proteins and body weight of the broilers were evaluated in the femur. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age, one male and one female of each line were randomly selected per box, in a total of five boxes per line. Among lines, Hb3 presented higher superior body weight in all ages, and among sexes, the males were heavier. The strength of maximum load was higher for the males and lines HB3 was higher than HB1and equal to HB2 at 42 days of age. The worst results of elasticity and bending strength at 42 days of age were observed in males from line HB2, which did not differ from HB3 regarded to bending at 42 days of age and to elasticity measured in all ages, which characterizes low bone quality of the males and line HB3. Biomechanical aspects of femurs bones, as modulus of elasticity and bending strength, to correct and avoid bone damages of broilers due to their heavier weight.

Effects of dietary L-glutamic acid and K vitamin in the biochemical composition in femurs of broilers at 14 days of age

Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da combinacao de acido L-glutâmico (L-Glu) e vitamina K na composicao bioquimica de femures (proteinas colagenosas; nao-colagenosas e totais) de frangos de corte. O experimento, que teve 14 dias de duracao, foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 × 4, com dois niveis de acido L-glutâmico (6,25 e 12,5%) combinados com quatro niveis de vitamina K (0,02; 0,2; 2,0 e 20,0 mg/kg de racao), cada combinacao com quatro repeticoes de dez animais. Foram utilizados pintos machos, Avian Farm, de 1 dia, criados em baterias aquecidas e alimentados a vontade com dieta basica contendo L-aminoacidos essenciais, minerais e vitaminas (exceto vitamina K) suplementada com acido L-glutâmico e vitamina K. Ao termino do experimento, os animais foram sacrificados por deslocamento cervical e seus femures removidos, medidos, desengordurados e pesados. Nao foi observada interacao significativa entre acido L-glutâmico e vitamina K para os parâmetros estudados. Os teores de proteinas nao-colagenosas foram maiores e o de proteinas colagenosas, menores nos femures dos pintos alimentados com a racao com 6,25% de acido L-glutâmico. Os teores de proteinas totais, no entanto, nao foram afetados pelos niveis de acido L-glutâmico e de vitamina K. Os niveis de vitamina K tiveram efeito quadratico decrescente nos teores de proteinas nao-colagenosas e efeito crescente na composicao de proteinas colagenosas dos femures. A composicao em proteinas colagenosas e nao-colagenosas pode ser utilizada como indicador bioquimico de anormalidades de pernas causadas por baixo nivel de nitrogenio nao-especifico.