Mehmet Çitil

Determination of cardiac troponin I in the blood and heart of calves with foot-and-mouth disease

The current study was designed to determine the changes of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) expression in blood and tissue during the myocardial degeneration in calves with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Seventeen crossbred calves presenting pathological signs for FMD confirmed by viral analysis were studied. A biochemistry panel and immunohistochemistry were performed on 17 diseased calves and 7 calves used as controls. Creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were analyzed for both groups. Cardiac troponin I levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Mean cTnI (14.8 ± 1.9 ng/ml) concentration and CK (573 ± 407 U/l), CK-MB (238 ± 37 U/l), AST (84 ± 7), and LDH (298 ± 29 U/l) activities were higher in FMD cases compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss or depletion of cTnI expression in myocardium of all cases. None of the 7 controls showed loss of cTnI expression. Increased serum cTnI concentration correlated with myocardial injury and loss of cTnI immunolabeling in cardiomyocytes of calves with FMD.

The effects of dexmedetomidine on mesenteric arterial occlusion-associated gut ischemia and reperfusion-induced gut and kidney injury in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE We assessed the antioxidant activity of dexmedetomidine (Dex) administered during the ischemic period in a rabbit model of mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury using biochemical and histopathological methods. METHODS A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits weighing between 2.5 and 3.0 kg were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group (Group S, n = 8), the I/R group (Group I/R, n = 8), and the I/R plus Dex treatment group (Group Dex, n = 8). In the I/R group, ischemia was achieved with 60 min of mesenteric occlusion. The sham group provided normal basal values. The rabbits in Group I/R were operated to achieve I/R. Group Dex received intravenous Dex 30 min after the commencement of reperfusion (10 μg/kg Dex was infused within 10 min, and then a maintenance dose of 10 μg/kg/h Dex was infused intravenously). For the measurement of tissue malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase activity levels in the renal tissue samples of animals, the rabbits in each group were sacrificed 3 h after reperfusion. The histopathological examination scores were determined using the intestinal and renal tissues. RESULTS The mean malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, myeloperoxidase, and lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly higher in Group I/R than in Groups S and Dex (P < 0.05). There also were significant decreases in the mean total antioxidant status, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in Group I/R compared with Groups S and Dex (P < 0.05). The histopathological examination scores of the intestinal and renal tissues were significantly higher in Group I/R compared with Groups S and Dex (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dex treatment may have biochemical and histopathological benefits by preventing I/R-related cellular damage of intestinal and renal tissues as shown in an experimental mesenteric ischemia model. The preference to use Dex for anesthesia during the mesenteric ischemia procedure may attenuate I/R injury in intestinal and renal tissues.

Detection of myocardial degeneration with point-of-care cardiac troponin assays and histopathology in lambs with white muscle disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of human cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) and cardiac troponin-T (cTn-T) kits for the determination of myocardial degeneration in lambs suffering from white muscle disease (WMD). Cardiac troponin (cTn) analyses and necropsy were performed on 12 lambs with acute WMD. Only cTn analyses were tested in six healthy lambs. cTn-I and cTn-T tests were positive for all lambs with WMD, but negative in healthy lambs. Necropsy revealed that the cardiac and skeletal muscles of lambs with WMD had chalky white lesions, which appeared as necrosis and calcification in histopathology. The histopathological findings of the heart muscle and increased cTn in lambs with WMD suggested that marked myocardial degeneration may be detected by point-of-care cTn assays in lambs.

Pyridine induction of cytochrome P450 1A1, iNOS and metallothionein in Syrian hamsters and protective effects of silymarin

An in vivo assessment for the protective effects of silymarin for pyridine toxicity was investigated through cytochrome P450 isoform CYP1A1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity prevention. Moreover, the effect of pyridine-induced oxidative stress on metallothionein I-II (MT), a scavenger of oxygen-derived free radicals, was investigated. Forty Syrian hamsters were allocated into 4 groups. Syrian hamsters were dosed with pyridine (400mg/kg) intraperitoneally with and without silymarin (200mg/kg daily by gavage) for 4 days. Pyridine induced diffuse degeneration and necrosis of the proximal and distal renal tubular cells; cloudy swelling, necrosis and hepatocellular atypia of the liver; and degenerative changes in the myocardium. The degree of pathological alterations was less severe with simultaneous silymarin application. CYP1A1, iNOS and MT expression levels were elevated in liver, kidney and heart in response to acute pyridine toxicity. Silymarin application abolished or significantly suppressed the induction of CYP1A1, iNOS and MT expressions in liver, kidney and heart of the pyridine-treated Syrian hamsters. Enhanced synthesis of MT by pyridine possibly implies a purposive cellular response to prevent damage caused by oxygen radicals. However, silymarin significantly reduced the oxidative-stress-inducing effect of pyridine as reflected by decreased synthesis of MT. These results suggest that through oxidant generation, pyridine may cause alteration of the metabolic ways, including nitric oxide-mediated CYP1A1 activity.

Dose-dependent effects of L-carnitine on blood sialic acid, mda and gsh concentrations in BALB/c mice

L-carnitine is an essential quarternary amine having an important role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Although L-carnitine was shown to be protective against toxic effects of some chemicals the dose-effect relationship with respect to its antioxidant action and protection from lipid peroxidation is unknown. To evaluate the dose-response profile of L-carnitine on blood sialic acid, glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations, 40 mice were randomly allocated to 4 groups. Experimental mice were treated with intraperitoneal saline for 5 days (Group 1), L-carnitine at 100 mg/kg for 5 days (Group 2), L-carnitine at 250 mg/kg for 5 days (Group 3), L-carnitine at 500 mg/kg for 5 days (Group 4). Following the treatments, blood samples were collected, and blood glutathione, malondialdehyde and sialic acid concentrations were determined. L-carnitine provided an antioxidant action at doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg with the strongest antioxidant action observed at 500 mg/kg dose. There was a significant increase in malondialdehyde and sialic acid concentrations at all doses of Lcarnitine with the highest effect seen at 500 mg/kg dose. In addition, Lcarnitine caused a dose-dependent elevation in glutathione level. These results suggest that L-carnitine applied at 500 mg/kg dose provides strong antioxidant action by increasing glutathione, malondialdehyde and sialic acid in BALB/c mice.

Efficacy of pomades containing different percentages of enilconazole in the treatment of bovine dermatophytosis.

BACKGROUND Enilconazole is a broad-spectrum topical antimycotic agent used for the management of bovine dermatophytosis. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of pomades containing different concentrations of enilconazole for the treatment of bovine dermatophytosis. METHODS Dermatophytosis was confirmed in 120 cattle from farm in Gole region of Turkey. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 20 in each). Pomades containing 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% enilconazole were applied topically to individual lesions in groups I-V, respectively, once a day for 3 days. Group VI animals were used as a control group. Animals were monitored clinically once a week for a two month period. RESULTS Cows treated with pomades containing 4% and 5% enilconazole recovered; adverse topical reactions occurred in 40% and 55% of animals, respectively. The success rate for cows treated with pomades containing 3% enilconazole was 95% and they recovered with no adverse reactions. Success rates for treatment were 25% and 50% for cows treated with pomades containing 1% and 2% enilconazole, respectively. No improvement was observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Pomades containing 3% enilconazole are recommended for the treatment of bovine dermatophytosis.

P141 The investigation of selegiline and rasagiline administration on QT interval in conscious rabbits

reflexes -(C) and negative reflexes -(-)). This testified to deficiency in vagus system reflexes, which main function is regulation of internals and provision of blood distribution in accordance with body needs. The reflexes pathology was connected with clinical neurological preeclampsia symptoms (headache, dizziness, “black flies” in front of the eyes, pain in epigastric zone). The moderate preeclampsia reflexes had the following characteristics: oculocardiac -(+)14, C1, (++)6, (-)2; orbital -(+)15, CO, (++)7, (-)1; celiac-plexus reflex-(+)19, (++)2, (-)2. Accordingly, the severe preeclampsia reflexes had the following characteristics: oculocardiac -(+)9, C4, (++)9, (-)5; orbital -(+)10, C3, (++)8, (-)6; celiac-plexus reflex-(+)11, (++)10, (-)6. Conclusions: Vegetative dystonia syndrome reflects dependence between preeclampsia severity and degree of its neurological manifestations. The increase in preeclampsia severity means poor vegetative reflexes and pronounced imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. This should be taken into account during treatment and preparation of pregnant women for delivery, because labor decompensates insufficient adaptation mechanisms through hemorrhage and loss of blood. These complications are realized with participation of nervus vagus system.

Effects of Different Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Drugs on Free Triiodothyronin (fT3), Free Thyroxin (fT4) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Concentration in Rabbits

Bu çalışmada hekimliğimizde sıklıkla kullanım alanı bulan Flunixin meglimune, Carprofen ve Meloxicam gibi nonsteroidal antiinflamatorik ilaçların (NSAİD) beş günlük kullanım süresince serbest triiyodotronin (fT3), serbest troksin (fT4) ve troid stimulan hormon (TSH) konsantrasyonları üzerine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla Yeni Zelanda ırkı, farklı cinsiyet ile benzer yaş ve ağırlıkta toplam 32 tavşan kullanıldı. Tavşanlar uygulama çeşitliğine göre 8’erli 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubundaki tavşanlara serum fizyolojik, ikinci grup (FLU) tavşanlara 1.1 mg/kg dozda flunixin meglumine, üçüncü grup (CAR) tavşanlara 2.2 mg/kg dozda carprofen ve dördüncü grup (MEL) tavşanlara 0.2 mg/kg dozda meloxicam 5 gün süreyle günde bir kez İM uygulandı. Hormon konsantrasyonlarının tespiti amacı ile İlaç uygulamasından 4 saat sonra vena auricularis’ten usulüne uygun olarak antikoagulantsız ependorf tüplere alınan kan örnekleri 3000 rpm’de 10 dakika santrifüj edilerek serum elde edildi. Serbest T3, T4 ve TSH ölçümleri ticari ELISA kitler kullanılarak spektrofotometrik olarak yapıldı. Çalışma sonucunda NSAİD uygulanan her üç grupta ve beş günlük deneme süresince fT3 ve fT4 konsantrasyonlarının arttığı (p<0.001) ve bu artışların kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak değişik seviyelerde (p<0.05, p<0.01 ve p<0.001) önemli olduğu belirlendi. TSH konsantrasyonlarının her üç grupta benzer şekilde azaldığı (p<0.001) ve bu düşüşün de kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak önem arz ettiği (p<0.001) görüldü. Sonuç olarak, hayvanlarda NSAİD kullanımı esnasında troid hormon seviyelerinde farklı yönde değişimler meydana gelebileceği ve bu değişimlerin teşhis ve tedavilerde olası hatalara yol açmamak amacıyla mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği kanaatine varıldı.