Cláudio Luiz Corrêa Arouca

Efeito da ractopamina e de métodos de formulação de dietas sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos machos castrados em terminação

An experiment was conduced with the objective of evaluating the effects of diet formulation methods and supplementation of ractopamine (RAC) on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing barrows. Sixty commercial hybrid swines were used, distributed in a randomized experimental block design, in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangment, with two levels of RAC and three methods of diet formulation. Supplementation with RAC improved the final weight, daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) of the finishing barrows. Addition of RAC improved also the carcass characteristics by reducing the backfat thickness in point P1 and increase daily lean meat deposition rate. Diets formulated based in the concept of ideal protein or by the increase of soybean meal provided better results on FC, but did not influence significantly daily feed intake, DWG and carcass characteristics. Finishing barrows supplemented with RAC during 21 or 28 days showed better performance and carcass quality. Diets formulated to attend the levels of digestible lysine by the inclusion of L-lysine HCL with the adjustment of other amino acids for ideal protein relation (ideal protein) or by the greater inclusion of soybean meal (increase of CP) provided better results of feed conversion in finishing borrows supplemented with RAC during 28 days.

Efeito dos níveis de lisina digestível e da ractopamina sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos machos castrados em terminação

Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes niveis de lisina digestivel em racoes suplementadas ou nao com ractopamina (RAC) sobre o desempenho e as caracteristicas de carcaca de suinos machos castrados em terminacao. Quarenta suinos, hibridos comerciais, foram distribuidos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 - dois niveis de lisina digestivel (0,67 e 0,87%), com ajuste para os demais aminoacidos para a relacao de proteina ideal, e dois niveis de RAC (0 e 5,0 ppm) - em um periodo de 28 dias. A suplementacao com RAC resultou em maiores ganho de peso diario e taxa de deposicao de carne magra diaria e melhor conversao alimentar. Os niveis de lisina nao influiram no desempenho dos animais, porem reduziram a espessura de toucinho nos pontos P1 e P2 e aumentaram a taxa de deposicao de carne magra diaria na carcaca de suinos alimentados com dietas contendo 0,87% de lisina digestivel quando avaliadas in vivo. Concluiu-se que as caracteristicas de desempenho e de carcaca dos suinos alimentados com racao suplementada com RAC na fase de terminacao melhoraram, porem, o efeito da RAC sobre a profundidade de lombo foi maior no nivel de 0,87% de lisina digestivel.

Efeitos da ractopamina e de dois níveis de lisina digestível na dieta sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de leitoas em terminação

The effects of ractopamine and digestible lysine levels on performance and carcass traits of gilts with initial body weight average of 85kg, recorded during 21 and 28 day before slaughtering time were evaluated in a completely randomized block design with five replicates of two animals per experiment unit. The treatments consisted in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, two levels of digestible lysine (DL) (0.67 and 0.87%) and two ractopamine levels (0 and 5ppm). Significant effects of DL on daily weight gain and body weight and significant effects of DL and ractopamine level were observed for feed:weight gain ratio and lean meat carcass deposition. No significant effects (P>0.05) of DL on fat thickness, muscle depth and lean meat yield according to the in vivo carcass evaluation were observed. No significant effect of ractopamine (P>0.05) on feed intake, daily weight gain and body weight (21 and 28 days) were observed. Ractopamine reduced back fat thickness at P2 point (21days) and increased lean meat yield and muscle depth in frigorific carcass evaluation.

Exigências de lisina, com base no conceito de proteína ideal, para suínos machos castrados, de 95 a 122kg, selecionados para deposição de carne magra

Lysine requirements of crossbred barrows (AG-PIC 412 X C-22), using 40 animals in a completely randomized block design with five dietary treatments (.50; .60; .70; .80 and .90% of total lysine), four replicates and two animals per experimental unit were estimated. Synthetic amino acids were added to keep amino acids levels according to the ideal protein profile. Quadratic effect of treatments on average daily gain, on feed conversion, on 10th rib fat depth and on last rib fat depth were observed. Linear effects of treatments on daily lysine intake and on daily lean gain, were observed. No effects of lysine level on daily feed intake, P1 backfat thickness, P2 backfat thickness, loin depth, lean percentage, carcass yield, carcass length, carcass length measured by Brazilian method and ham percentage were found. The total dietary lysine requirement for 95 to 122kg high lean barrows is .76%, which corresponds to approximately 25.99g/day of lysine intake.

Níveis de lisina para suínos machos castrados selecionados geneticamente para deposição de carne magra na carcaça, dos 95 aos 122 kg

Um experimento foi realizado para se determinar as exigencias de lisina de suinos machos castrados, na fase de terminacao tardia, avaliando-se os efeitos de diferentes niveis de lisina da racao sobre o desempenho e caracteristicas de carcaca dos animais. Utilizaram-se 50 suinos hibridos comerciais (AG-PIC 412 X C-22), com peso inicial de 95,39 ± 0,85 kg e final de 122,29 ± 3,02 kg, distribuidos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8 e 0,9 % de lisina total), cinco repeticoes e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os blocos foram formados no tempo e na distribuicao dos animais, dentro de cada bloco, foram adotados como criterios o parentesco e o peso inicial dos animais. Foi observado efeito quadratico dos niveis de lisina sobre o ganho de peso diario, conversao alimentar, consumo de lisina diario e taxa de deposicao de carne magra diaria. Nao houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de racao diario, espessura de toucinho no ponto P1, espessura de toucinho no P2, profundidade de lombo, porcentagem de carne magra, rendimento de carcaca, comprimento de carcaca pelo metodo brasileiro, comprimento de carcaca pelo metodo americano, espessura de toucinho na 10a costela, espessura de toucinho na ultima costela e rendimento de pernil. Concluiu-se que a exigencia de lisina total para suinos machos castrados selecionados para deposicao de carne magra na carcaca, de 95 a 122 kg, e de 0,72 %, correspondendo a um consumo diario de 25,46 g.

Available phosphorus levels in diets for barrows at 60 to 95 kg

The effects of available phosphorus levels on performance and carcass composition of barrows with high genetic potential for meat deposition were evaluated. Sixty swine with initial body weight of 59.84 ± 1.64 kg were assigned to a randomized block experimental design, with five diets (0.097; 0.190; 0.280; 0.370 and 0.460% aP), six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Experimental diets and water were supplied ad libitum until the end of the experimental period, when animals reached 96.64 ± 3.68 kg. Weight gain and feed conversion improved in a quadratic way until the estimate levels 0.35 and 0.33% aP in the diets, respectively. There was no effect of the diets on daily feed intake. Consumption of available phosphorus linearly increased as levels of this mineral increased in the diet. The diets did not change activity of alkaline phosphatase enzym. However, values of serum inorganic phosphorus at 21 days of age and in the end of the experimental period increased in a quadratic way until the estimate level 0.35 and 0.38% in the diet, respectively. Levels of available phosphorus affected in a quadratic way loin depth, daily fat-free lean deposition rate, and the amount of fat-free lean which improved until the estimated level of 0.35; 0.31 and 0.33% of aP in the diet, respectively. In the phase from 60 to 95 kg, the level of 0.33% of aP in the diet, which corresponds to a 9.38 aP/day intake provided better feed conversion and a greater amount of fat-free lean meat in hybrid commercial barrows genetically selected for meat deposition on the carcass.

Exigência de fósforo disponível para suínos machos castrados selecionados para deposição de carne magra, dos 30 aos 60kg

An experiment was carried to determine available phosphorus requirement of crossbred barrows (Agroceres-Pic), using 60 animals in a completely randomized block design with five dietary treatments - 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5% of available phosphorus, six replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. On the 21st day of the experiment and at its end, blood samples were collected from orbital plexus of fasting animals to analyze and register alkaline phosphatase and serum phosphorus values. Quadratic effect of available phosphorus level on average daily gain, daily feed intake, serum phosphorus on the 21st day of the experiment, serum phosphorus at the end of the experiment, and feed conversion ratio were observed. Minimum feed conversion ratio was estimated for animals fed diets containing 0.39% available phosphorus. There was a linear effect of available phosphorus level on daily phosphorus intake, alkaline phosphatase on the 21st day and alkaline phosphatase at the end of the experiment. Dietary available phosphorus requirement for 30 to 60kg high lean barrows was 0.39%, which corresponds to an available phosphorus intake of 9.11g/day.

Torta da polpa da macaúba para suínos em terminação

O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Suinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinaria da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, na Fazenda Experimental Professor Helio Barbosa, Igarape-MG, em 2013. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusao de niveis de torta da polpa da macauba para suinos em terminacao. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC) composto por, 5 tratamentos e 4 repeticoes, 2 animais (macho e femea)/baia, totalizando 40 suinos hibridos (F1 de Machos Topigs X Femeas DB). Os tratamentos foram 1- racao-controle, 2= racao com 5 % torta da polpa da macauba; 3= racao com 10 % torta da polpa da macauba; 4= racao com 15 % torta da polpa da macauba; 5= racao com 20 % torta da polpa da macauba. As racoes e agua foram fornecidas a vontade. Foram avaliados: desempenho dos animais, peso final (PF), ganho peso diario (GPD), consumo de racao diario (CRD) e conversao alimentar (CA), avaliacoes in vivo de espessura toucinho nos pontos ETP1 e ETP2, profundidade lombo (PL), porcentagem de carne magra (CM) e taxa de deposicao carne magra diaria (TDCMD), alem das caracteristicas de carcaca, como peso da carcaca quente (PCQ), espessura de toucinho na decima costela (ET-10a) e na ultima costela (ETUL) e comprimento de carcaca (CC). O CDR foi significativo pelo teste de Dunnett, com efeito quadratico atingindo o melhor consumo quando se fornece 9,4 % e TDCMD apresentou comportamento quadratico com melhor deposicao de carne magra quando se adiciona 10,3 % da torta na racao.

Efeito da ractopamina e de métodos de formulação de ração sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de leitoas em terminação

The effect of ractopamine supplementation and feed formulation methods was evaluated on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing gilts. Sixty animals were allotted in a completely randomized block experimental design, in a 2x3 factorial scheme - ractopamine (0 and 5ppm) X three feed formulation methods. Interactions between feed formulation method and ractopamine for daily weight gain (DWG), body weight, feed:gain (DFG), and lean carcass meat deposition (LCMD) were by in vivo carcass evaluation using ultrasound observed. Daily feed intake (DFI), lysine intake (DLI), DWG, and final body weight were higher for diets with high protein level. Ractopamine supplementation did not affect feed intake, and lysine intake, but increased daily weight gain. Feed formulation method affected carcass characteristics recorded at 28 days, while ractopamine supplementation reduced backfat thickness, increased muscle depth, and lean carcass proportion of the gilts. Ractopamine improved performance and carcass characteristics of finishing gilts and feed formulation methods affected performance and carcass characteristics. Better performance and higher lean carcass deposition were observed for finishing gilts fed high protein level diets supplemented with ractopamine.

Available phosphorus in diets for 15 to 30 kg pigs genetically selected for meat deposition

With the objective to evaluate the effect of dietary available phosphorus levels (aP) on the performance, blood and bone parameters of castrated male and female pigs, genetically selected for meat deposition, 60 commercial hybrids pigs with initial weight of 15.54±0.68 kg were allotted in a completely randomized block design, with six treatments (0.103, 0.210, 0.317, 0.424, 0.531, and 0.638% aP), five replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Pigs were fed ad libitum and water was provided until the end of the experimental period (21 days), when animals reached 31.31±2.94 kg. Daily weight gain and daily feed intake increased, while the feed conversion improved quadratically up to 0.534, 0.487, and 0.574% aP maximum responses, respectively. The aP intake and the values of inorganic phosphorus in serum increased linearly with increasing the levels of aP in the diets. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased quadratically up to 0.558% maximum response. Bone breaking strength and calcium, phosphorus, and ash contents in the bones increased linearly with increasing aP concentration in the diets. The available phosphorus requirement of castrated male and female pigs genetically selected for meat deposition from 15 to 30 kg for best results of performance is 0.574%, corresponding to a daily intake of 8.26 g of available phosphorus.