J.A.F. Veloso

Uso da LIPE® como indicador externo na determinação da energia metabolizável de alimentos em frangos de corte

A metabolism trial was carried out to evaluate the utilization of LIPE® as an external indicator of energy digestibility in broilers. The treatments included a basal diet and other different eight diets. Corn grain, expanded corn, soybean meal, expanded soybean meal, 22% crude protein gluten meal, 60% crude protein gluten meal, meat and bone meal and feather and viscera meal, were used. The basal diet was substituted with 40% or 25 % of the feed containing more energy or protein, respectively. Two hundred seventy 21 to 31-day-old both sexes Ross lineage broiler chicks were used. A completely randomized design in a 9x3 factorial arrangement (nine forms of rations x three methods) with three replicates was used. The metabolizable energy of the feeds was calculated by the total fecal collection method and by the indicators methods of chromic oxide and LIPE®. Chromic oxide use resulted in higher values of coefficient of digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy for expanded soybean meal and feathers and viscera meal when compared with the use of LIPE® and total feces collection which there similar between themselves. The results validated the LIPE® as an external energy digestibility index of the feed of broiler chicks evaluated.

Efeito do óleo de soja em dietas com diferentes níveis de cálcio sobre a absorçäo e retençäo óssea de cálcio e de fósforo em frangos de corte

Foram utilizados 480 pintos de corte machos da linhagem comercial Avian Farm, distribuidos em quatro tratamentos com quatro repeticoes, para estudar o efeito da inclusao de oleo de soja as racoes de frangos de corte, em sua fase inicial de criacao, sobre a absorcao de calcio, considerando a deposicao de calcio e fosforo nos ossos aos sete, 14 e 21 dias de idade das aves. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com parcela subdividida, tendo nas parcelas o arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (dois niveis de oleo x dois niveis de calcio). Foi observada influencia negativa da presenca de oleo nas racoes sobre a retencao de calcio e de fosforo nos ossos das aves aos 14 e 21 dias de idade.

Mineralização óssea com quatro fontes de fósforo na terminação de suínos

Four phosphorus (P) sources for bone mineralization of finishing pigs, considering their available phosphorus were studied. Thirty-two castrated male crossbred pigs, averaging 60kg live weight were used in a randomized experimental design, with four treatments, four replicates of two animals each, and a control group of six pigs that were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment. The evaluated P souces were: bicalcium phosphate-standard (BPS), triple superphosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and the association between 20% Patos de Minas rock phosphate (PMP) plus 80% BPS. Diets were isoproteic and isocaloric and properly indicated for finishing swine. Dry matter, ash, calcium, phosphorus and fluorine deposition levels and Ca:P ratio in swine bone were evaluated. Animals that received BPS and PMP diets showed higher and lower percent of P (P<0.05), respectively, in bone ashes. Higher fluorine deposition in bone ashes was observed in swines fed PMP diet, in relation to the other treatments. In animals fed BPS and MAP diet, the fluorine deposition levels were lower (P<0.05) than TSP and PMP 20% + BPS 80% diets. P sources, in this experimental conditions, may be used in finishing swine rations, but PMP may be associated with superior patern phosphate.

Efeitos de fontes lipídicas e níveis de energia digestível sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de marrãs

Avaliaram-se os efeitos das fontes lipidicas (gordura de coco e oleo de soja) e dos niveis de energia digestivel (3350; 3450; 3550 e 3650kcal de ED/kg de racao) sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de 64 marras da raca Landrace, com peso medio inicial de 58,703±0,26kg. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2´4 e quatro repeticoes. Nao houve interacao entre as fontes e os niveis de energia digestivel (ED). Ganho diario de peso (GDP), consumo diario de energia (CED) e conversao alimentar (CA) aumentaram de maneira linear (P 0,10) o peso a puberdade, numero de embrioes viaveis, taxa de fertilizacao e mortalidade embrionaria. A utilizacao de gordura de coco como fonte de energia proporcionou melhores resultados de GDP, enquanto que o oleo de soja foi mais eficiente para aumentar a ET. Marras de reposicao puras da raca Landrace, que receberam racao controlada dos 60kg de peso a epoca da primeira cobricao, exigem o nivel de 3650kcal de ED/kg de racao, para melhores resultados de desempenho e caracteristicas reprodutivas, independentemente da fonte de energia utilizada.

Avaliação nutricional do fósforo disponível de quatro fontes de fósforo para suínos em fase de terminação

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate four phosphorus (P) sources on finishing pigs perfomance from 60 to 100kg weight, considering their available phosphorus. Thirty two castrated male crossbred pigs, were randomly distributed in four treatments with four replications with two animals each. The rations used were isoproteic and isocaloric and the P sources were added to complete 100% of the available P pig requirements, according to the P biological value, previously determined. The P sources were: bicalcium phosphate standard (BPS), triple superphosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and the association between 20% Patos de Minas rock phosphate (PMP) and 80% BPS. The parameters analyzed by SNK test were: weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and fluorine consumption. Only weight gain and feed consumption were significantly different (P<0,05) amongst the treatments. TSP treatment showed the lowest values of weight gain and feed consumption. The fluorine consumption was significantly different amongst the treatments. Lower fluorine consumption was observed in MAP and BPS, while it was highest with PMP and TSP treatments. The use of available phosphorus values appear to be appropriate for diet calculation. The phosphorus sources tested could be used on finishing swine feeding, with emphasis in the association between PMP with better quality phosphate.

Uso da LIPE® como indicador externo na determinação da digestibilidade da proteína e matéria seca de alimentos em frangos de corte

Realizou-se um ensaio metabolico para avaliar a lignina purificada de eucalipto (LIPE®), como indicador na determinacao da digestibilidade da proteina bruta e materia seca de alimentos para frangos de corte. Os tratamentos corresponderam a uma dieta basal e outras oito dietas contendo os alimentos-teste. Os alimentos foram: milho, milho expandido, farelo de soja, farelo de soja expandido, gluten de milho 22%, gluten de milho 60%, farinha de carne e ossos e farinha de penas e visceras. Os alimentos proteicos e os com menor teor de proteina substituiram 25 e 40% da dieta basal, respectivamente. Foram utilizados 270 pintos de corte, linhagem Ross, de ambos os sexos, dos 21 aos 31 dias de idade. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 9×3 (racoes × metodos), com tres repeticoes. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD) da proteina e da materia seca e os valores da proteina bruta digestivel e da materia seca digestivel de sete das nove dietas, calculados pelos metodos da coleta total de excretas e dos indicadores oxido cromico e LIPE®, foram semelhantes. Com os alimentos-teste, farelo de soja expandido e farinha de penas e visceras, o uso de oxido cromico resultou em CD e valores de proteina e materia seca digestivel mais altos, quando comparado com o uso da LIPE® e da coleta total de excretas que foram semelhantes entre si. Pode-se considerar que a proteina bruta digestivel e materia seca digestivel dos alimentos, calculada pelos tres metodos, foram equivalentes. A LIPE® pode ser validada como indicador de digestibilidade da proteina e materia seca de alimentos para frangos de corte.

Composição química, avaliação físico-química e nutricional e efeito da expansão do milho e do farelo de soja para suínos em crescimento

Growing pigs were used in a trial to evaluate chemical composition, physical-chemical properties, fecal digestibility of nutrients and energetic values for corn, expanded corn, soybean meal and expanded soybean meal. Proximate analyses, crude energy and specific analyses, as starch gelatinization, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, urea activity, 0.2% KOH protein solubility and scanning electronic microscopy were performed. Twenty growing castrated pigs averaging 33.630±1.011kg of live weight were used in a digestibility assay. The pigs were allotted to different metabolic cages, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates. The energetic feed substituted 40% and the proteic feed substituted 20% of a basal diet. Laboratory evaluations showed modification patterns for expanded feed that affected the nutrient digestibility, in comparison to in natura feed. The starch gelatinization increased (P 0.05). The expansion process acts differently on laboratorial and on estimated digestibility for expanded corn and expanded soybean meal.