Cristina Mattos Veloso

Concentrados protéicos para bovinos: 1. Digestibilidade in situ da matéria seca e da proteína bruta

This work aimed to determine the in situ rumen digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) using 10 protein sources. Potential degradabilities of DM and CP of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, castorbean meal and palmist coconut meal were high (around 100%), however due to higher fractional degradation rates of soybean meal (10%) and lower for cottonseed meal (4%), castorbean meal (DM:3%, CP:1.2%) and palmist meal (1.7%), the effective degradability (ED) of soybean was significantly higher despite the rates of passage, showing this protein source has the highest ruminal nitrogen availability (from 86% to 63%, as rate of passage increased from 2 to 8%). Gluten meal is a low rumen degradable protein source (ED of CP: 16% for 0.05 passage rate). Among protein sources of animal origin, the highest potential CP degradability was observed for meat and bone meal (75.5%), followed by fish meal I (58.5%), feather and viscera meal (52.3%), and blood meal (36.7%). The highest ED for a passage rate of 5% was observed for meat and bone meal (51%), followed by fish meal I (41%), feather and viscera meal (40%) and blood meal (33%). Fish meal II showed very low rumen degradability with only 22% of CP disappearance at 48 hours of incubation.

Degradabilidade ruminal do feno de alguns alimentos volumosos para ruminantes

Avaliou-se a degradabilidade ruminal da materia seca (MS), proteina bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), da fibra em detergente acido (FDA) e hemicelulose dos fenos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum), palma (Opuntia ficus), guandu (Cajanus cajan) e parte aerea da mandioca (Manihot esculenta) utilizando tres bovinos mesticos machos, castrados, canulados no rumen e mantidos em regime de pasto. Amostras de 4g de cada alimento foram incubadas em duplicata no rumen dos animais, nos periodos de 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 e 72 horas. A degradabilidade potencial da PB dos fenos de capim-elefante e guandu foi semelhante, 83,9 e 81,2%, respectivamente. Os maiores valores foram observados para os fenos de palma (94,2%) e parte aerea da mandioca (91,7%). A degradabilidade efetiva (DE) foi obtida considerando as taxas de passagem de 2, 5 e 8%/hora. A maior DE observada para MS (60,5%), PB (81,1%), FDN (21,6%), FDA (27,9%) e HEM (58,0%), na taxa de passagem de 5%/h, ocorreu com o feno de palma.

Análise econômica da adição de níveis crescentes de concentrado em dietas para vacas leiteiras mestiças alimentadas com cana-de-açúcar

Sixteen crossbred Holstein × Zebu cows (groups from ½ to ¾ of Holstein × Zebu) at third of fourth lactation were allotted to four 4 × 4 Latin squares to evaluate the economical viability of increasing dietary concentrate level. Cows presented previous milk yield from 2,500 to 3,000 kg, adjusted for 300 days, and grazed pasture during the rainy season, and with 110 days of laction in the beginning of the experimental period. Because of the prices of milk and concentrate during the experiment, it is not interesting to use concentrate in the diets of milk cows fed sugar cane. If the productive and economical aspects toghther and the prices of R

Desempenho e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar tratado com óxido de cálcio

0.70 and R

Ruminal pH and ammonia, tropical forage leaves: stems ratio and fiber ruminal degradability

0.50 for the milk and the concentrate, respectively are considered, the use of 24% concentrate in the diet is the most interesting option for dairy cows fed sugar cane.

Perdas na ensilagem de capim-elefante aditivado com farelo de cacau e cana-de-açúcar

The addition effects of 0.0; 0.75; 1.5 and 2.25% of calcium oxide on sugar-cane bagasse (on natural matter basis) were studied to evaluate the performance, nutrients intake and apparent digestibility of the diets and nutrients in crossbred sheep of Santa Ines and native breeds. Twenty-four sheep, maintened in total confinement, were assigned in a completely randomized experimental design, with four levels of calcium oxide and six repetitions. Animals were kept in individual pens for 77 days. The first 14 days were for animals adaptation and three periods of 21 days of data collection. The method of total fecal collection was used to estimate digestibility, which was carried in four days at the end of the experimental period. Feces were collected three times a day, at 7 am, 1 and 6 pm. The intake of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients were not influenced by the use of calcium oxide. There was a linear effect in daily weight gain with increasing calcium oxide dose. However, there was no treatment effect on feed conversion and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber. Whereas the quadratic effect was observed for neutral detergent fiber apparent digestibility coefficient. The use of the hydrolized sugar cane bagasse with calcium oxide, from 1.5%, promote increase in performance of sheep and increase digestibility in neutral detergent fiber.

Desempenho de novilhas leiteiras alimentadas com silagem de capim-elefante com adição de diferentes níveis de bagaço de mandioca

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ruminal pH and ammonia concentration (N-NH3) in rumen liquor collected at 3, 6 and 12 hours after feeding using four ruminal fistulated European x Zebu steers. The forage leaves: stems ratio and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber in situ ruminal degradability of the leaflets from three tropical legumes (leucaena, Leucaena leucocephala; pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan; and glycine, Neonotonia wightii) and leaves from two others tropical forages (ramie, Boehmeria nivea and cassava, Manihot esculenta) were also studied. Samples of 3 g (pigeon pea, glycine and ramie) or 5 g (leucaena and cassava) of the material were incubated in the rumen of the animals for periods of 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours. A split-plot design was used, in which plots were the forages and split plots were the six periods of ruminal incubation of the material, and the four animals were considered blocks. Ruminal pH and N-NH3 values probably allowed an adequate microbial fermentation. Forage leaves:stems ratio was variable among them and comparing to the literature. The forages NDF effective degradabilities (ED) were around 50%, being lower for pigeon pea leaflets (19.25%), which also demonstrated the lowest degradation rate (2.5%/h) and potential degradability (57.76%). ED values for NDF were negatively correlated to forages acid detergent insoluble nitrogen contents (r = -0.986). Pigeon pea was the worst forage concerning to the use of structural components.

Bagaço de mandioca na ensilagem do capim-elefante: qualidade das silagens e digestibilidade dos nutrientes

The effects of the addition of cocoa meal and sugarcane in the elephant-grass silage losses were studied. A 2 x 4 factorial scheme was used, being 0 and 15% of cocoa meal and 0, 15, 30, and 45% of sugarcane, with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The elephant-grass showed 29.2% of dry matter and the silages were produced in PVC experimental silos, using 600 kg/m3 silage compaction. The silos were opened 60 days after ensilage, when ammonia nitrogen content and pH of the silages were determined. Cocoa meal was effective in the reduction of moisture and ammonia nitrogen concentrations. It is recommended the inclusion of up to 22.4% of the sugar-cane, cv-IAC86-2480, in the elephant-grass ensiling with 29% of dry matter, which can be increased to 45%, since 15% of cocoa meal be used.

Características físico-químicas e custo do leite de cabras alimentadas com farelo de cacau ou torta de dendê

The effect of cassava bagasse addition levels (5, 10, 15 and 20%) to elephantgrass silage on dairy heifers performance was evaluated. Sixteen ¾ Holstein x Zebu heifers with 15 months of age and 144kg of initial body weight were used in a completely randomized block design with four replicates and four treatments. The experiment was carried out for 56 days after and adaptation period of 14 days in which the heifers were fed the respective treatment diets. Weight, withers height and thoracic circumference were recorded often 16 hours fasting at the beginning of the experiment and at days 28 and 56. No differences between treatments were observed for day mother (DM) and crude protein daily intake. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber showed a linear reduction behavior. No treatment effects were observed for final body weight, daily weight gain, thoracic perimeter, withers height and DM feed efficiency.

Digestibilidade aparente da dieta com capim-elefante ensilado com diferentes aditivos

Sixteen ¾ Holstein-Zebu heifers aging 15 month-old averaging 144kg were used to evaluate the effect of the additions of different levels of cassava bagasse (5; 10; 15 and 20%) to elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) ensilage on the diet quality and nutrients digestibility. The treatments consisted of four diets containing, as roughage, elephant grass silage with four different levels of cassava bagasse plus balanced concentrate, with four repetitions per treatment. Silages quality, diet nutrients intake and nutrients digestibility of the silages and total diets were evaluated. Cassava bagasse increased the dry matter (DM) content, of the silages preserving them with a pH varying from 3.85 to 4.07 and N-NH3/NT ratio from 6.2 to 7.85. Daily dry matter and crude protein (CP) mean intakes did not differ among the treatments (P>0.05). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) mean intakes showed a decreasing linear behavior (P 0.05) for DM (DMD), NDF (NDFD) and ADF digestibility (ADFD). The total digestible nutrients (TDN) of the silages were similar in all the treatments. The CP (CPD), ether extract (EED) and non-fiber carbohydrates digestibility (NFCD) of the silages decreased linearly (P 0.05) in DMD, CPD, NDFD, ADFD, EED, NFCD and TDN among the experimental diets. The 5% cassava bagasse addition to its elephant grass silage was satisfactory to preservation resulting in good digestibility of the elephant grass silage.