Cristina Pires Camargo

A dor da queimadura: terrível para quem sente, estressante para quem cuida

The goals of the study were to understand the cultural meaning that the nursing team and burn patients attribute to burn pain. Participant observations were carried out during one year at a Burn Unit. Semi-structured interviews with four nurses, five nursing auxiliaries and 12 patients were recorded. The burn pain is understood by nurses as physical and emotional pain. For professionals and patients, bath and dressing changes are stressful. For patients, burn pain is terrible and they can not explain it. However, they feel they should hold it up.The goals of the study were to understand the cultural meaning that the nursing team and burn patients attribute to burn pain. Participant observations were carried out during one year at a Burn Unit. Semi-structured interviews with four nurses, five nursing auxiliaries and 12 patients were recorded. The burn pain is understood by nurses as physical and emotional pain. For professionals and patients, bath and dressing changes are stressful. For patients, burn pain is terrible and they can not explain it. However, they feel they should hold it up.Os objetivos deste foram identificar os significados culturais atribuidos pela equipe de enfermagem as manifestacoes de dor apresentadas pelos pacientes portadores de queimaduras e identificar as percepcoes dos pacientes frente a dor provocada pela queimadura e a assistencia de enfermagem prestada nestas situacoes. Foram realizadas observacoes participantes e entrevistados quatro enfermeiros, cinco auxiliares e 12 pacientes, em uma unidade de queimados. A dor da queimadura foi compreendida pelos enfermeiros como: fisica e emocional. Para todos os profissionais o banho e curativo sao procedimentos estressantes. Para os pacientes a dor e terrivel e nao pode ser explicada, mas necessita ser suportada.

Prevenção de queimaduras: percepção de pacientes e de seus familiares

Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar os meios de prevencao de queimaduras identificados por pacientes vitimas de queimaduras e por seus familiares. Os dados foram coletados na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, mediante a realizacao de entrevistas com pacientes e seus familiares. Os dados foram categorizados por quatro juizes. Para verificar a existencia de concordância entre os juizes, quanto a categorizacao, foi utilizada a medida nao parametrica de correlacao - Coeficiente de Contingencia. Foram entrevistados: 24 familiares de pacientes que sofreram queimaduras e 33 pacientes. Dos 33 pacientes entrevistados, 18 sofreram acidentes em ambiente domestico. Dos 57 entrevistados, 11 afirmaram que nao poderiam ter contribuido para evitar o acidente. Vinte pacientes e 12 familiares identificaram situacoes de risco no ambiente domestico ou no trabalho, e 13 pacientes e 12 familiares nao identificaram qualquer tipo de situacao de risco. Os familiares e pacientes apontaram como medidas preventivas de acidentes por queimaduras: estar atento as atividades realizadas e ter cuidado com o manuseio de produtos inflamaveis.

Description of a new experimental model skin flap for studying skin viability in rats

PURPOSE To describe a new experimental flap for studying skin viability in rats. METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g were divided into two groups: group A - McFarlane technique, a 4 x 10cm flap was used (McFarlane); and in group B modified McFarlane technique, a 3 x 10cm flap was used. Seven days later, the animals were sacrificed and the area of necrosis was evaluated in both groups. RESULTS Group A presented necrosis in 3% of the total area of the flap (CI: 0.01-0.05), Group B presented necrosis in 37% of the total area of the flap (CI: 0.29-0.46), (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The modified McFarlane flap presented a larger area of necrosis and could be an adequate experimental model of skin flap viability.

Botulinum toxin type A on cutaneous flap viability in diabetic and tobacco-exposed rats

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) on skin flap viability in healthy, tobacco-exposed and diabetic rats. METHODS Ninety male Wistar rats (250-300g) were randomly divided into six groups: control+saline (C1), control+BoNTA (C2), tobacco-exposed+saline (T1), tobacco-exposed+BoNTA (T2) diabetes+saline (D1) and diabetes+BoNTA (D2). A dorsal cutaneous flap (3×10cm) was performed. Survival area and total area of the flaps were measured. Lumen diameter, external arterial diameter and lumen/wall thickness ratio were recorded. RESULTS Survival area increased in control group with BoNTA injection compared with control animals injected with saline (C2 x C1; 0.9±0.1 vs0.67±0.15, p= 0.001). A similar result was found in diabetes group injected with BontA (D2 x D1; 0.97±0.2 vs0.61±0.24, p=0.018). No difference was observed in skin flap viability in tobacco-exposed groups (T2 x T1; 0.74±0.24 vs 0.64±0.21, p=0.871). Lumen diameter (p= 0.004), external arterial diameter (p = 0.0046,) and lumen/wall thickness ratio (p= 0.003) were increased in diabetes+BoNTA-treated animals. This effect was not observed in control or in tobacco-exposed groups. CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin A increased skin flap viability in control and diabetic rats on the seventh post-operative day. Increased lumen diameter, external arterial diameter, and lumen/wall thickness ratio were observed in the diabetes+BoNTA group. BoNTA had no effect in the tobacco-exposed group on the seventh postoperative day.

Endothelial Function in Skin Microcirculation

Abstract Cutaneous microcirculation is responsible for thermoregulatory exchange, excretion of several substances such as water and minerals and protection against external stressors such as heat and cold. Thus skin microcirculation plays a significant role in human body homeostasis as well as in several diseases that may affect the whole organism, including cancer, allergic reaction, dermatosis and dermatites. Two vascular plexuses compose the skin microvasculature: subdermal and dermic. Therefore this anatomical configuration allows endothelial function assessment by laser Doppler flowmetry. This chapter evaluates some skin conditions such as aging, collagen immune disease, and external noxious elements that can interfere with endothelial evaluation.

A non-living, effective model for microvascular training

PURPOSE To introduce a nonliving microvascular training model based on vessels diameter and feasibility. METHODS We dissected ten oxen tongues, and divided the pedicles into three-thirds: proximal, middle and distal. We measured the external vessels diameter in all regions. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis. Three students (two beginner level and one intermediate level) performed this training. We evaluated the confidence, according Likert scale. RESULTS We dissected all oxen tongues, each tongue showed two parallel pedicles. Each pedicle was located at 1.5 - 2.0 cm from the midline. Proximal median artery and vein diameter were 3.9 ± 0.7, and 5.04 ± 1.44mm, respectively. In the middle third, the mean artery diameter was 3.3 ± 0.4mm, and the vein diameter was 3.5 ± 0.9mm. The distal third showed a mean artery diameter of 2.0 ± 0.42mm, and a vein diameter of 2.4 ± 0.82mm. The students performed ten anastomoses. This study showed a higher confidence level (CL) (p=0.03) than the pre training CL assessment. CONCLUSION This study suggested a feasible non-animal model for microsurgical training process for beginners and intermediate trainees.

Botulinum toxin for facial wrinkles

To help reduce the possibility of side effects, your doctor may recommend using eye drops or ointment after a botulinum toxin injection. You may also be asked to sit upright (not lie down) and avoid pressing on the treated area for about 4 hours after the injection. Also, your doctor may recommend you not exercise for 24 hours after treatment. Thinking about getting botulinum toxin injections for wrinkles?

Burn prevention: perceptions of patients and their relatives

Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar os meios de prevencao de queimaduras identificados por pacientes vitimas de queimaduras e por seus familiares. Os dados foram coletados na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, mediante a realizacao de entrevistas com pacientes e seus familiares. Os dados foram categorizados por quatro juizes. Para verificar a existencia de concordância entre os juizes, quanto a categorizacao, foi utilizada a medida nao parametrica de correlacao - Coeficiente de Contingencia. Foram entrevistados: 24 familiares de pacientes que sofreram queimaduras e 33 pacientes. Dos 33 pacientes entrevistados, 18 sofreram acidentes em ambiente domestico. Dos 57 entrevistados, 11 afirmaram que nao poderiam ter contribuido para evitar o acidente. Vinte pacientes e 12 familiares identificaram situacoes de risco no ambiente domestico ou no trabalho, e 13 pacientes e 12 familiares nao identificaram qualquer tipo de situacao de risco. Os familiares e pacientes apontaram como medidas preventivas de acidentes por queimaduras: estar atento as atividades realizadas e ter cuidado com o manuseio de produtos inflamaveis.

Prevención de accidentes por quemaduras: percepción del paciente y de sus familiares

Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar os meios de prevencao de queimaduras identificados por pacientes vitimas de queimaduras e por seus familiares. Os dados foram coletados na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, mediante a realizacao de entrevistas com pacientes e seus familiares. Os dados foram categorizados por quatro juizes. Para verificar a existencia de concordância entre os juizes, quanto a categorizacao, foi utilizada a medida nao parametrica de correlacao - Coeficiente de Contingencia. Foram entrevistados: 24 familiares de pacientes que sofreram queimaduras e 33 pacientes. Dos 33 pacientes entrevistados, 18 sofreram acidentes em ambiente domestico. Dos 57 entrevistados, 11 afirmaram que nao poderiam ter contribuido para evitar o acidente. Vinte pacientes e 12 familiares identificaram situacoes de risco no ambiente domestico ou no trabalho, e 13 pacientes e 12 familiares nao identificaram qualquer tipo de situacao de risco. Os familiares e pacientes apontaram como medidas preventivas de acidentes por queimaduras: estar atento as atividades realizadas e ter cuidado com o manuseio de produtos inflamaveis.

El dolor de la quemadura: terrible para quien siente estresante para quien cuida

The goals of the study were to understand the cultural meaning that the nursing team and burn patients attribute to burn pain. Participant observations were carried out during one year at a Burn Unit. Semi-structured interviews with four nurses, five nursing auxiliaries and 12 patients were recorded. The burn pain is understood by nurses as physical and emotional pain. For professionals and patients, bath and dressing changes are stressful. For patients, burn pain is terrible and they can not explain it. However, they feel they should hold it up.The goals of the study were to understand the cultural meaning that the nursing team and burn patients attribute to burn pain. Participant observations were carried out during one year at a Burn Unit. Semi-structured interviews with four nurses, five nursing auxiliaries and 12 patients were recorded. The burn pain is understood by nurses as physical and emotional pain. For professionals and patients, bath and dressing changes are stressful. For patients, burn pain is terrible and they can not explain it. However, they feel they should hold it up.Os objetivos deste foram identificar os significados culturais atribuidos pela equipe de enfermagem as manifestacoes de dor apresentadas pelos pacientes portadores de queimaduras e identificar as percepcoes dos pacientes frente a dor provocada pela queimadura e a assistencia de enfermagem prestada nestas situacoes. Foram realizadas observacoes participantes e entrevistados quatro enfermeiros, cinco auxiliares e 12 pacientes, em uma unidade de queimados. A dor da queimadura foi compreendida pelos enfermeiros como: fisica e emocional. Para todos os profissionais o banho e curativo sao procedimentos estressantes. Para os pacientes a dor e terrivel e nao pode ser explicada, mas necessita ser suportada.