D. V. Simonenkov

Optik-É AN-30 Aircraft Laboratory for Studies of the Atmospheric Composition

AbstractThe scientific instrumental complex of the Optik-E AN-30 aircraft laboratory developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is described in detail. Specifications of the main units of the instrumental complex are presented. Special attention is given to the metrological support of measurements of the atmospheric parameters. Experimental capabilities of the aircraft laboratory are illustrated by the results obtained in recent flights over various regions of the Russian Federation.

Comparison of the presence of chemical and biomarkers in the surface microlayer in water areas of health resort zones of Lake Baikal and in atmospheric aerosol of this region

The search for the chemical and biomarkers of aerosol originating from the surface microlayer (SML) of water areas of health resort zones at Lake Baikal was performed. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, Ba, Pb, Cd, As, naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthilene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, perilene, benz (b) fluoranthene, benz(a) pyrene,1,2,5,6-dibenz anthracene, benz(ghi) perilene, and total protein in aerosols and water samples collected from the region were experimentally studied. A direct close interrelation was revealed between the concentrations of all chemical elements in aerosol and water samples. The highest concentrations were recorded for Ca, Mg, Na, and K. A polymerase chain reaction method was employed to determine the similar interrelation between the genetic materials of microorganisms (bacterioplankton) found in water and aerosol. A completely adequate marker reflecting the presence of aerosol generated by SML of Lake Baikal water was not found.

Hydrocarbon composition of tropospheric aerosol in the south of Western Siberia

We considered the methodological questions: aerosol sampling on board research aircraft, extraction of an organic component, and identification of its constituent compounds. It is verified how aviation materials (kerosene, oil, hydraulic fluid) can influence the measurement data. We analyzed the composition of organic components of atmospheric aerosol, sampled in the winter-spring period of 2013 at altitudes of 500–7000 m over the southern part of the Novosibirsk reservoir. In the samples, we identified the normal-structure alkanes, cyclanes, and alkyl arenes. Cyclic saturated and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in the composition of atmospheric aerosols of Western Siberia for the first time.

Comparative Estimation of Geochemical Activity of the Atmosphere according to the Ratio of Compositions of Different Near-Ground Aerosol Fractions at the Fonovaya Observatory in Autumn 2016

For the background region of Tom–Ob interfluve, we performed the comparative analysis of the chemical composition of water- and acid-soluble aerosol fractions in dry deposits, coupled with an estimation of the ratio of submicron and coarse fractions in near-ground aerosol in this background region, and a study of their mineral and material composition using scanning electron microscopy. Differences in the ratios of metals between the water- and acid-soluble fractions are revealed. It is reasonably hypothesized that water- (acid-) soluble compounds are mainly contained in the submicron (coarse) fraction.

Vertical Distributions of Gaseous and Aerosol Admixtures in Air over the Russian Arctic

Data on the vertical distribution of gaseous and aerosol composition of air, measured onboard the Tu-134 Optic airborne laboratory in October 2014 over the Kara Sea and coastal areas of the Russian Arctic, are presented. We revealed the specific features of the altitude distributions of CO2 and aerosol over the Kara Sea as compared to continental conditions. No significant deviations from continental distributions are found for CH4, CO, and O3.

Simulation of spread and transformation of emissions from Norilsk industrial zone with the WRF-CHEM model: comparison with experimental data of airborne sensing

The verification of the results of numerical simulation of the distribution of anthropogenic emissions of the Norilsk industrial zone using the WRF-CHEM model using airborne sounding data carried out in 13 August 2004 was carried out. The results of numerical modelling of the distribution of the concentration of sulphur dioxide, ozone and mass concentration of aerosol reproduce qualitatively the distributions obtained during airborne sounding. Quantitative estimates showed that the root-mean-square error for sulphur dioxide, the mass concentration of aerosol PM2.5 and ozone, calculated for all three flights, was 36 ppb, 3.4 μg/m3, 7.7 ppb, respectively.

Maintaining data of route observations of emission plumes from Norilsk mining and metallurgical plant

Models for estimating the regional transport of active and passive impurities based on the data of route observations in the vicinity of point and area sources are proposed. Approbation of models on the data of airborne probing of atmospheric pollution in the Norilsk industrial region was carried out. In the range of distances of 60-100 km from the source of emissions, the active gas-to-particle conversion was analyzed on the basis of the observed data.

Experimental and numerical study of gas-to-particle conversion in an emission plume from mining and metallurgical industry based on airborne sounding in a polar atmosphere

The results of an airborne survey of plumes from the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant by an Optik-E AN-30 aircraft laboratory on November 10, 2002 are discussed. Most pollutants are blown out of the city in the gas phase in the form of acidic oxides (mainly sulfur). Mapping of the substances is performed along the main trajectory of air mass transport at a distance of 20-140 km from the city. Horizontal flights were performed at 400, 600, 800, and 1200 m above sea level at equidistant traverses (from 3 to 6 at each height) normally to the main flow direction. Most pollution was concentrated above the 400-m level. An active gas-to-particle conversion was observed at a distance of 60-100 km from the emission source. In the plume areas distant from the source there was a sulfate anion increase from 4% to 51% in aerosol composition weight and a calcium decrease from 64% to 9%. Under the conditions of low humidity in the polar atmosphere in winter, SO2 is apparently removed from the air mainly due to dry heterogeneous condensation with calcium oxide as the main counteragent of industrial origin. The concentrations of these active pollutants in the plume are well approximated by a two-parameter transformation model.

Annual dynamics of aerosol organic components in the free atmosphere over South-Western Siberia

We study the annual behavior of the concentration of organic components of the atmospheric aerosol, sampled onboard the Tu-134 Optik airborne laboratory in the atmospheric layer of 500–8500 m. The concentration of the organic component in aerosol composition is found to be maximal during spring and minimal during fall. Compounds ranging from C8H18 to C35H72 are detected in the composition of aerosol particles. The range of hydrocarbons is the widest during the winter period (C12H26–C35H72) and during spring (C8H18–C31H64), and it is markedly narrower during summer (C18H38–C33H68) and during fall (C16H34–C31H64). One mode (n-alkane C20H42) predominates in aerosol composition throughout the year. A secondary maximum, corresponding to n-alkane C29H60, appears during the summer period.

Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols over background areas of the southern part of Western Siberia observed during the IAO Complex Atmospheric Radiation Experiment carried out in December 2015

The study presents the data on the concentrations of chemical components measured in aerosol samples collected during the IAO complex atmospheric radiation experiment (organized by the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics) carried out in December 22, 2015. Their vertical distributions derived from the sampling data performed with the use of “Optik” Tupolev-134 aircraft laboratory are reported. Both parts of the experiment were conducted on the same route over background areas of Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions in the daytime. General time duration of the flight was about 3,5 hours. Sampling was carried out on both routes onto Petryanov’s filters AFA-HP-20 in the following troposphere layers 7000-5500, 4000-3000, 2000-1500 and 1000-500 m. The differences in concentrations of carbon-free inorganic ions and chemical elements in the aerosols on the Tomsk and Ordynskiy routes are discussed in the paper. An altitudinal distribution of inorganic ions in both areas is very similar only for one ion - SO4 2-. The top layer is characterized by the smallest differences in the concentrations of the other components under consideration, and even almost complete coincidence of the total concentration of ionic macro components for both sensing areas. The trend in the vertical distribution of elements stored for 2/3 of them like ionic component. As many ionic components in the Tomsk region of sensing we observed inverse nature of the distribution of a large part of the element concentrations in the middle layers.