G. A. Ivlev

Optik-É AN-30 Aircraft Laboratory for Studies of the Atmospheric Composition

AbstractThe scientific instrumental complex of the Optik-E AN-30 aircraft laboratory developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is described in detail. Specifications of the main units of the instrumental complex are presented. Special attention is given to the metrological support of measurements of the atmospheric parameters. Experimental capabilities of the aircraft laboratory are illustrated by the results obtained in recent flights over various regions of the Russian Federation.

The Blocking Role of the Ural Mountains in the Transborder Transfer of Impurities from Europe to Asia

Distribution of impurities over the region abutting the Ural Mountains is analyzed with the purpose of searching for traces of western European emissions over the territory of Siberia. It is shown that transborder transfer of impurities from Europe to Asia along direct trajectories (along a circle of latitude) from west to east is possible only in the free troposphere, in a layer higher than 2 km. Within the limits of the atmospheric boundary layer, the transfer of impurities from Europe to Siberia is probable only along trajectories rounding the Urals from north or south.

Long-term monitoring of total and UV-B radiation in Tomsk

The monitoring results of the total (0.3–2.4 μm) and UV (0.28–0.32 μm) radiation in Tomsk in 2003–2010 are presented. In this period, stable radiation conditions were observed with an abnormally high income of total solar radiation in 2003. A tendency toward a drop of incoming UV-B radiation is noted; no significant effect of the total ozone content on variations in the UV-B radiation in warm periods is revealed.

Technical equipment of ground-based stations for total ozone measurements in Russia and prospects of modernization

Changes in the total ozone in the Earth’s atmosphere affect both the observed atmospheric changes and the climate of our planet. Ground-based measurements of the total ozone in the Russian Federation are carried out with the use of Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers and SAOZ spectrometers; M-124 filter ozonometers are used in the Russian ozone network. In the near future, we will start the installation and trial operation of up-to-date automated UVOS spectrometers for observations of the total ozone and UV radiation. The work describes the main specifications of equipment used in ground-based measurements of the total ozone in Russia. The problems of modernization of the national network for the total ozone and UV solar radiation monitoring are considered.

Vertical Distributions of Gaseous and Aerosol Admixtures in Air over the Russian Arctic

Data on the vertical distribution of gaseous and aerosol composition of air, measured onboard the Tu-134 Optic airborne laboratory in October 2014 over the Kara Sea and coastal areas of the Russian Arctic, are presented. We revealed the specific features of the altitude distributions of CO2 and aerosol over the Kara Sea as compared to continental conditions. No significant deviations from continental distributions are found for CH4, CO, and O3.

Complex experiment on the study of microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles and estimation of atmospheric aerosol contribution in the Earth radiation budget

The main aim of the work was complex experimental measurements of microphysical, chemical, and optical parameters of aerosol particles in the surface air layer and free atmosphere. From the measurement data, the entire set of aerosol optical parameters was retrieved, required for radiation calculations. Three measurement runs were carried out in 2013 within the experiment: in spring, when the aerosol generation maximum is observed, in summer (July), when the altitude of the atmospheric boundary layer is the highest, and in the late summer – early autumn, when the second nucleation period is recorded. The following instruments were used in the experiment: diffusion aerosol spectrometers (DAS), GRIMM photoelectric counters, angle-scattering nephelometers, aethalometer, SP-9/6 sun photometer, СЕ 318 Sun-Sky radiometer (AERONET), MS-53 pyrheliometer, MS-802 pyranometer, ASP aureole photometer, SSP scanning photometer, TU-134 Optik flying laboratory, Siberian lidar station, stationary multiwave lidar complex LOZA-M, spectrophotometric complex for measuring total ozone and NO2, multivariable instrument for measuring atmospheric parameters, METEO-2 USM, 2.4 AEHP-2.4m station for satellite data receive. Results of numerical calculations of solar down-fluxes on the Earth’s surface were compared with the values measured in clear air in the summer periods in 2010—2012 in a background region of Siberian boreal zone. It was shown that the relative differences between model and experimental values of direct and total radiation do not exceed 1% and 3%, respectively, with accounting for instrumental errors and measurement error of atmospheric parameters. Thus, independent data on optical, meteorological, and microphysical atmospheric parameters allow mutual intercalibration and supplement and, hence, provide for qualitatively new data, which can explain physical nature of processes that form the vertical structure of the aerosol filed.