T. M. Rasskazchikova

The influence of synoptic factors on variations of atmospheric aerosol optical depth under Siberian conditions

Based on multiyear measurements of the atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) in a typical region of Siberia (Tomsk), we analyzed the relationship between the AOD and different synoptic factors. The averaged spectral AOD dependencies for two air mass types (continental polar and Arctic air) and different pressure systems are compared. The effect of cloud cover and precipitation on the AOD is estimated. We discuss the results of wavelet analysis of the time series of the AOD and columnar water vapor for a number of observation sites (AERONET stations in Tomsk, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, and Ussuriisk). The specific features of synoptic-scale quasi-periodic variations at different measurement sites are identified and compared.

The Blocking Role of the Ural Mountains in the Transborder Transfer of Impurities from Europe to Asia

Distribution of impurities over the region abutting the Ural Mountains is analyzed with the purpose of searching for traces of western European emissions over the territory of Siberia. It is shown that transborder transfer of impurities from Europe to Asia along direct trajectories (along a circle of latitude) from west to east is possible only in the free troposphere, in a layer higher than 2 km. Within the limits of the atmospheric boundary layer, the transfer of impurities from Europe to Siberia is probable only along trajectories rounding the Urals from north or south.

Structure of aerosol fields of the atmospheric boundary layer according to aerosol and Doppler lidar data during passage of atmospheric fronts

The paper presents the results of complex observations of the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics performed at the Fonovaya Observatory of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in September 2013, with the use of remote sensing facilities, i.e., aerosol and Doppler lidars. The structure of aerosol and wind fields in the period of occurrence of internal buoyancy waves and low-level jet streams in the boundary layer is considered.

Vertical Distributions of Gaseous and Aerosol Admixtures in Air over the Russian Arctic

Data on the vertical distribution of gaseous and aerosol composition of air, measured onboard the Tu-134 Optic airborne laboratory in October 2014 over the Kara Sea and coastal areas of the Russian Arctic, are presented. We revealed the specific features of the altitude distributions of CO2 and aerosol over the Kara Sea as compared to continental conditions. No significant deviations from continental distributions are found for CH4, CO, and O3.

Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols over background areas of the southern part of Western Siberia observed during the IAO Complex Atmospheric Radiation Experiment carried out in December 2015

The study presents the data on the concentrations of chemical components measured in aerosol samples collected during the IAO complex atmospheric radiation experiment (organized by the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics) carried out in December 22, 2015. Their vertical distributions derived from the sampling data performed with the use of “Optik” Tupolev-134 aircraft laboratory are reported. Both parts of the experiment were conducted on the same route over background areas of Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions in the daytime. General time duration of the flight was about 3,5 hours. Sampling was carried out on both routes onto Petryanov’s filters AFA-HP-20 in the following troposphere layers 7000-5500, 4000-3000, 2000-1500 and 1000-500 m. The differences in concentrations of carbon-free inorganic ions and chemical elements in the aerosols on the Tomsk and Ordynskiy routes are discussed in the paper. An altitudinal distribution of inorganic ions in both areas is very similar only for one ion - SO4 2-. The top layer is characterized by the smallest differences in the concentrations of the other components under consideration, and even almost complete coincidence of the total concentration of ionic macro components for both sensing areas. The trend in the vertical distribution of elements stored for 2/3 of them like ionic component. As many ionic components in the Tomsk region of sensing we observed inverse nature of the distribution of a large part of the element concentrations in the middle layers.

Integrated monitoring of the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics by remote sensing methods in June 2015 in Tomsk

The dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer was observed at the IAO SB RAS experimental area in June 2015 with the use of remote sensing facilities: aerosol and Doppler lidars and Doppler sodar, temperature radiometer, radiozondes. The results of these combined observations are presented in the paper. The structure of the aerosol and wind fields in the period of convective mixing layer and frontal passage is shown. The appearance of internal gravity waves and low-level jet streams in the boundary layer is considered.

Complex experiment on the study of microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles and estimation of atmospheric aerosol contribution in the Earth radiation budget

The main aim of the work was complex experimental measurements of microphysical, chemical, and optical parameters of aerosol particles in the surface air layer and free atmosphere. From the measurement data, the entire set of aerosol optical parameters was retrieved, required for radiation calculations. Three measurement runs were carried out in 2013 within the experiment: in spring, when the aerosol generation maximum is observed, in summer (July), when the altitude of the atmospheric boundary layer is the highest, and in the late summer – early autumn, when the second nucleation period is recorded. The following instruments were used in the experiment: diffusion aerosol spectrometers (DAS), GRIMM photoelectric counters, angle-scattering nephelometers, aethalometer, SP-9/6 sun photometer, СЕ 318 Sun-Sky radiometer (AERONET), MS-53 pyrheliometer, MS-802 pyranometer, ASP aureole photometer, SSP scanning photometer, TU-134 Optik flying laboratory, Siberian lidar station, stationary multiwave lidar complex LOZA-M, spectrophotometric complex for measuring total ozone and NO2, multivariable instrument for measuring atmospheric parameters, METEO-2 USM, 2.4 AEHP-2.4m station for satellite data receive. Results of numerical calculations of solar down-fluxes on the Earth’s surface were compared with the values measured in clear air in the summer periods in 2010—2012 in a background region of Siberian boreal zone. It was shown that the relative differences between model and experimental values of direct and total radiation do not exceed 1% and 3%, respectively, with accounting for instrumental errors and measurement error of atmospheric parameters. Thus, independent data on optical, meteorological, and microphysical atmospheric parameters allow mutual intercalibration and supplement and, hence, provide for qualitatively new data, which can explain physical nature of processes that form the vertical structure of the aerosol filed.

TOR station for environmental monitoring

In December 1992 a station for atmospheric observations has been put into operation at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics within the frameworks of the program of ecological monitoring of Siberia. The station provides for acquiring data on gas and aerosol composition of the atmosphere, on meteorological quantities, and the background of gamma radiation. The station operates day and night and the whole year round. All the measurement procedures are fully automated. Readouts from the measuring devices are performed very hour 10 minutes averaged. In addition, synoptic information is also received at the station. Periodically gas chromatographic analysis is being done to determine concentrations of hydrocarbons from the methane row. Occasionally, chemical composition of suspended matter is determined relative to 39 ingredients. The station is located to the north-east of Tomsk, Akademgorodok. Therefore sometimes it measures air mass coming from Tomsk down town area and sometimes the air mass from rural areas. As a result information obtained at this station should be typical for recreation zones around Tomsk.