M. Yu. Arshinov

Joint radiosonde and doppler lidar measurements of wind in the atmospheric boundary layer

Results of joint measurements of height profiles of wind velocity and direction by the Stream Line pulse coherent Doppler lidar and RS92-SGP radiosonde in Tomsk from 23 to 27 of September, 2013, are presented. It has been established that wind profiles can be retrieved up to heights from 400 to 1100 m depending on the aerosol concentration in the atmospheric boundary layer from lidar data measured at an elevation angle of 45°. It is shown that the coefficient of correlation between lidar and radiosonde measurements of wind velocity and direction is equal to 0.97. The mathematical expectation and standard deviation of the difference between estimates for the wind velocity and direction from the radiosonde and lidar data amount to 0.1 and 0.7 m/s, respectively, for the velocity and 0.8° and 4°, respectively, for the wind direction.

Vertical distribution of greenhouse gases above Western Siberia by the long-term measurement data

By the results of long-term (1997–2007) airborne sounding, the vertical distribution of three greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O above the south of Western Siberia is investigated. The average monthly profiles of the distribution of these components in height and the long-term change in gas concentration at different heights are presented. The climatic characteristics of the vertical distribution of these gases are determined.

Spatial and temporal variability of CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the surface atmospheric layer over West Siberia

The diurnal and annual variation of the CO2 and CH4 concentrations and their spatial distribution over a network of sites developed over the territory of West Siberia are investigated. The CO2 concentration gradient between the northern and southern regions of the territory is retained during the entire year. The diurnal behavior of the methane concentration remains neutral for much of the year, so that it is only at the end of the springtime and at the beginning of the summer that it exhibits a significant amplitude. The annual variation of CO2 has a maximum in the month of December, the concentration starts to decrease in March, and reaches a minimum in July in August. In the central region of the territory, the annual variation of methane has two maxima (in July and in December and January); the greatest interyear methane concentration variability is recorded during the periods of the basic and secondary maxima.

The Blocking Role of the Ural Mountains in the Transborder Transfer of Impurities from Europe to Asia

Distribution of impurities over the region abutting the Ural Mountains is analyzed with the purpose of searching for traces of western European emissions over the territory of Siberia. It is shown that transborder transfer of impurities from Europe to Asia along direct trajectories (along a circle of latitude) from west to east is possible only in the free troposphere, in a layer higher than 2 km. Within the limits of the atmospheric boundary layer, the transfer of impurities from Europe to Siberia is probable only along trajectories rounding the Urals from north or south.

The scale of ozone destruction in clouds

Changes in the concentration of tropospheric ozone in clouds were investigated based on aircraft sensing data. Three ozonometers were used for the measurements—one chemiluminescent 3-02P and two UV 49C (Thermo Environment Inc., United States). The following types of clouds were studied: Cu, Cu med., St, Sc, As, and Ac. The thickness of the cloud layers was 1.5 km on average and varied from 0.4 to 4.5 km. The ozone destruction in clouds was 11–15 ppb on average and ranged from 3 to 34 ppb; it changed nearly twofold depending on the cloud type. The estimation of the annual runoff of ozone in clouds has shown that it is close to the annual ozone balance in the troposphere.

Spatial Distribution of Nanoparticles in the Free Troposphere over Siberia

Abstract Two first airborne campaigns of the “YAK-AEROSIB” Russian-French Project were conducted in April and September, 2006, over a vast territory of West and East Siberia. The main goal of the Project is to study spatial distribution of trace impurities, which are responsible for the global worming effect. In the framework of this project French partners provided continuous measurements of CO, CO 2 , and O 3 while Russian scientific group measured number concentration of ultrafine and fine aerosols as well as performed aerosol sampling for the chemical analysis. Spatial distribution of aerosol number concentration observed during two different seasons is presented.

Comparison between satellite spectrometric and aircraft measurements of the gaseous composition of the troposphere over Siberia during the forest fires of 2012

The vertical profiles of the O3, CO, CO2 and CH4 concentrations measured onboard the Optik Tu-134 aircraft laboratory and retrieved from data obtained with an IASI Fourier transform spectrometer operating aboard a MetOp satellite (European Space Agency) have been compared. This comparison shows that absolute differences between aircraft satellite ozone concentrations may vary from 55 to 15 ppb at the land surface and within the lower boundary layer and from 30 to −15 ppb at a height of 7000 m. Their relative differences range within 60 to 30% at a height of 500 m and 30 to −35% at a height of 7000 m. Absolute differences between aircraft and satellite carbon-monoxide concentrations may vary from 80 to 2300 ppb, while their relative differences range within −140 to 98%. For methane, the mean difference is maximal within the atmospheric boundary layer (90 ppb). According to the data on all profiles, the maximum and minimum differences reach 220 and 8 ppb, respectively, within the atmospheric boundary layer. Minimum differences range from zero at the land surface to −100 ppb in the upper troposphere. For carbon dioxide, the mean difference between the results of aircraft and satellite measurements ranges from −2 to −9 ppm. In the free troposphere, at a height of more than 3000 m, this difference is almost constant and amounts to −6 ppm. Over all flights, the maximum and minimum differences between aircraft and satellite CO2 concentrations range from 14 to −4 ppm and from −7 to −16 ppm, respectively, within the atmospheric boundary layer. In this case, the maximum and minimum relative deviations over all flights amount to 3.4 and −4.2%, respectively, within the atmospheric boundary layer. These differences are significantly larger than those found earlier for the background conditions. It is necessary to improve the vertical gas distribution models used in the algorithms of satellite-data processing.

Comparison of the presence of chemical and biomarkers in the surface microlayer in water areas of health resort zones of Lake Baikal and in atmospheric aerosol of this region

The search for the chemical and biomarkers of aerosol originating from the surface microlayer (SML) of water areas of health resort zones at Lake Baikal was performed. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, Ba, Pb, Cd, As, naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthilene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, perilene, benz (b) fluoranthene, benz(a) pyrene,1,2,5,6-dibenz anthracene, benz(ghi) perilene, and total protein in aerosols and water samples collected from the region were experimentally studied. A direct close interrelation was revealed between the concentrations of all chemical elements in aerosol and water samples. The highest concentrations were recorded for Ca, Mg, Na, and K. A polymerase chain reaction method was employed to determine the similar interrelation between the genetic materials of microorganisms (bacterioplankton) found in water and aerosol. A completely adequate marker reflecting the presence of aerosol generated by SML of Lake Baikal water was not found.

Structure of aerosol fields of the atmospheric boundary layer according to aerosol and Doppler lidar data during passage of atmospheric fronts

The paper presents the results of complex observations of the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics performed at the Fonovaya Observatory of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in September 2013, with the use of remote sensing facilities, i.e., aerosol and Doppler lidars. The structure of aerosol and wind fields in the period of occurrence of internal buoyancy waves and low-level jet streams in the boundary layer is considered.

Hydrocarbon composition of tropospheric aerosol in the south of Western Siberia

We considered the methodological questions: aerosol sampling on board research aircraft, extraction of an organic component, and identification of its constituent compounds. It is verified how aviation materials (kerosene, oil, hydraulic fluid) can influence the measurement data. We analyzed the composition of organic components of atmospheric aerosol, sampled in the winter-spring period of 2013 at altitudes of 500–7000 m over the southern part of the Novosibirsk reservoir. In the samples, we identified the normal-structure alkanes, cyclanes, and alkyl arenes. Cyclic saturated and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in the composition of atmospheric aerosols of Western Siberia for the first time.