Daniel Ribeiro Menezes

Fracionamento de carboidratos e proteínas de gramíneas tropicais cortadas em três idades

Avaliou-se o fracionamento dos carboidratos e das proteinas das gramineas tropicais tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon cv Tiffon 85), braquiaria (Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu) e tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv Tanzânia), cortadas aos 28, 35 e 54 dias de idade. Determinaram-se os teores de materia seca (MS), materia orgânica (MO), proteina bruta (PB), extrato etereo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e proteina (FDNCP), fibra em detergente acido (FDA), lignina (LIG), nitrogenio insoluvel em detergente neutro (NIDN) e nitrogenio insoluvel em detergente acido (NIDA). Para PB determinaram-se as fracoes A, B1+B2, B3 e C, e para os carboidratos as fracoes A+B1, B2 e C. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo em parcelas (gramineas) subdivididas (idades de corte). Houve efeito significativo (P<0,05) da idade de corte sobre os teores de MS, FDNCP, NIDN e NIDA. Os teores de PB apresentaram declinio com o avanco da idade. O capim-marandu apresentou teores elevados para as fracoes A+B1 e B2 dos carboidratos (25,5 e 34,8% dos carboidratos totais, respectivamente) e para as fracoes A e B1+B2 das proteinas (28,1% aos 35 dias e 53,8% da PB aos 28 dias, respectivamente).

Parâmetros sanguíneos, hepáticos e ruminais de ovinos alimentados com dietas com farelo de mamona destoxificado

Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the blood, liver and rumen parameters, as well as to characterize and quantify the population of ciliated protozoa in the rumen of sheep fed diets with detoxified castor bean meal (DCBM). Thirty‑two lambs were used, for the evaluation of blood and liver parameters, and four rumen‑cannulated adult sheep were used to determine rumen parameters. The control diet was composed by buffel grass hay, ground corn grain, urea and soybean meal (SBM). In the treatments, SBM was partially replaced by DCBM at 15, 30 and 45% in the concentrate. There was no significant difference, among treatments, for the serum‑urea contents whose mean value was 666.0 -mg L1. There was no significant difference, among diets, for glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, which had mean values of 690.3 -mg L1, 127.4 IUL -1 and 16.9 IUL -1 , respectively. The ammoniacal nitrogen and pH values had an increasing linear pattern with the replacement of SBM by DCBM. The genus

Cinética ruminal de dietas contendo farelo de mamona destoxificado

The kinetics of gas production and in vitro ruminal degradation of diets contained replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by detoxicated castorbean meal (DCBM) (0, 15, 30 and 45% of substitution) were evaluated in this study. Values of gas production of non-fibrous carbohydrates (Vf1), fibrous carbohydrates (Vf2) and total carbohydrates (V) showed quadratic behavior, and by observation of equations can be obtained inclusions of 25% the V and Vf1 obtained maximum values of 174.7 and 237.8 ml gas / g DM, respectively. The potential degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED) of dry matter showed quadratic behavior and by observation of equations can be perceive that up to 18.0% there was an increase in the values of PD and ED that obtained maximum values of 93.7% and 55.7%, respectively. The replacement of SBM by DCBM from 15 to 30% increased the kinetics of gas production and rumen degradation.

In vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of diets containing oldman saltbush hay and forage cactus, using a cattle inoculum

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate, by means of the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, fermentation kinetics of carbohydrates and degradability of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) of diets containing oldman saltbush hay levels (8.4; 18.8; 31.2 and 48.3%) associated to forage cactus in natura. Pressure readings of the gases were done with a pressure transducer at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 20, 24, 28, 34, 48, 72 and 96h post-inoculation. The rumen kinetics was described by the following parameters: maximum potential of gas production, lag time and production rates of gas (k), fibrous carbohydrates (FC) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). It could be observed that the addition of oldman saltbush hay to the diets promoted a quadratic effect in the production of gases originated from NFC. However, there was no significant effect on the production of gases originated from FC and on production rates of gases from NFC and FC. The degradability of DM and OM did not differ due to the addition of oldman saltbush hay. The use of 8.4% hay and 74.9% forage cactus promoted the maximum potential of production of gases from the fibrous fraction of diets containing cactus and oldman saltbush hay.

Níveis de ureia em dietas contendo co-produto de vitivinícolas e palma forrageira para ovinos Santa Inês

The effect of urea levels on intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients in diets containing dried wine grape byproduct and fresh forage cactus was evaluated. Sixteen male, non-castrated, Santa Ines sheep, averaging 37kg and 11-month-old were used. The diets had 60% of dried grape byproduct (DGB) and 40% of forage cactus, and increasing levels of urea – 0, 1, 2, and 3% in dry matter. Completely randomized designs with two periods with 15 adjust days and five days for samples collection was carried out. Dry matter (DM), neuter detergent fiber (NDF), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and total digestive nutrients (TDN) intakes presented quadratic behavior with maximum values of 2.04; 0.66; 0.74; and 1.50kg/day, respectively. For each increase of an unit percentage of urea an increase of 20 grams in the CP intake occurred. The digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, NDF, and NFC presented quadratic behavior with maximum values of 62.5, 85.0, 81.0, and 97.8%, respectively. The inclusion of urea up to 2% in the diets containing dried grape byproduct and fresh forage cactus made possible increases in nutrient intake and coefficient of digestibility of nutrients.

Respostas fisiológicas e desempenho produtivo de ovinos em pasto suplementados com diferentes fontes proteicas

Objetivou-se avaliar a influencia dos fatores climaticos sobre o desempenho produtivo e as respostas fisiologicas de ovinos submetidos a diferentes suplementos proteicos em pastagem de capim-Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) irrigado nas condicoes climaticas do semiarido brasileiro. Utilizaram-se 28 ovinos, machos, castrados, mesticos Santa Ines x SPRD (sem padrao racial definido), com peso inicial de 28 kg, recebendo tres diferentes fontes de proteina no suplemento (farelo de soja, torta de algodao e ureia) e um tratamento testemunha (pastagem exclusiva). Foram determinados o consumo de materia seca, ganho em peso, os parâmetros fisiologicos - frequencia respiratoria (FR), temperaturas superficial (TS) e retal (TR) - dos animais e os parâmetros ambientais. Nas condicoes climaticas impostas pelo experimento, o turno da tarde conduziu os animais, independentemente da dieta, a uma condicao de elevado estresse pelo calor. A suplementacao influenciou o consumo de materia seca de forragem sem alterar o desempenho dos ovinos, sendo economicamente inviavel. A fonte proteica obtida a partir da torta de algodao e utilizada no suplemento para ovinos em pastejo elevou a FR, influenciando sobre seu conforto termico.

Misturas Múltiplas na Suplementação de Ovinos: Características da Carcaça e Rendimentos de Cortes Comerciais

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros de carcaca e rendimentos de cortes comerciais de ovinos mantidos em pastagens diferidas de capim Bufel recebendo suplementos multiplos com diferentes teores de ureia. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: 5, 8, 11 e 14% de ureia na materia seca do suplemento. Foram utilizados 36 ovinos machos, nove animais por tratamento, com peso corporal inicial medio de 18 kg, distribuidos em quatro grupos. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com nove repeticoes por tratamento. Os teores de ureia no concentrado nao influenciaram (P>0,05) os pesos e rendimentos de carcaca quente e fria e os pesos e rendimentos de cortes carneos comerciais (pernil, paleta, costela e carre). O teor de ureia a ser utilizado no concentrado para ovinos mantidos em pastagens diferidas de capim Bufel estara condicionado ao desempenho economico proporcionado pelo suplemento. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n2p184-187

Mineral mixtures from solid salt residues for lambs

The objective of this study was to evaluate water, mineral, feed and nutrient voluntary intakes, in addition to dry matter and nutrient digestibility and the nitrogen balance of lambs fed three mineral supplements. The first treatment consisted of solid salt residue (SSR) from an aquaculture tank; the second contained SSR from desalination waste; and the third treatment was control, which corresponded to the supplementation of a commercial mineral supplement. The study lasted 20 days, the first 15 of which were used for animals to adapt to the pens and diets, and the last five days were used for data collection. Twenty-four castrated male lambs with a body weight of 19.72±2.52 kg were utilized in the experiment. The mineral supplements evaluated did not affect the intake and digestibility of the dry matter and nutrients, the water and mineral-salt intake or nitrogen balance. Mineral supplements produced from the SSR from aquaculture tanks and from the desalination waste did not reduce feed, nutrient and water intakes or nutrient digestibility, which suggests that these raw materials can be used in the elaboration of mineral mixtures for lambs.

Teores de Etanol e Carboidratos Solúveis de Silagens de Cana-de-Açúcar com Erva-Sal

Objetivou-se quantificar em silagens de cana-de-acucar com diferentes niveis de inclusao de erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) os teores de carboidratos soluveis, producao de etanol, pH e poder tampao. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado; os tratamentos consistiram de 0, 20, 40 e 60% de erva-sal em substituicao a cana-de-acucar com seis repeticoes cada. As forragens em suas proporcoes experimentais foram armazenadas em silos (baldes plasticos) de 25 litros adaptados com valvula do tipo Bunsen. Apos periodo de fermentacao de 90 dias, os silos foram abertos e coletaram-se amostras para obtencao do extrato aquoso, no qual foram determinados pH, poder tampao, teores de carboidratos soluveis (CHOSol) e etanol. A adicao de erva-sal proporcionou diminuicao (P<0,05) das concentracoes de etanol nas silagens avaliadas, onde se verificou reducao de 60,08%, considerando-se os niveis 0 e 40% de Atriplex sobre a silagem de cana-de-acucar. Observou-se ainda com o incremento de erva-sal, pH adequado a conservacao (≤ 3,7). A inclusao de erva-sal reduz a producao de etanol e melhora a qualidade fermentativa da silagem de cana-de-acucar. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v14n2p173-176

Cinética de degradação de frações nutricionais de euforbiáceas

In order to determine the composition and the in situ degradability of the dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of hays of castor cv. Paraguacu (Ricinus communis), castor cv. Nordestina (Ricinus communis), jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and manicoba (Manihot pseudoglaziovii). Three rumen canulated undefined breed sheep were used. In each animal were incubated 12 bags for 6; 12; 24; 48 and 96 hour, being three bags by hay of euphorbiaceae. The content of protein ranged between 10.3% for the hay of jatropha and 19.6% for the hay of manicoba. The neutral detergent fiber value was similar between the hay of jatropha and the hay of manicoba, while the hays of castors presented lower concentrations between themselves. The castor Paraguacu hay presented superior and faster dry matter degradation, with value of 85.5% stagnated at 44 hour. The hay of manicoba and the hay of jatropha showed similar degradability of crude protein with final valor of 92.5% degraded at 40 and 46 hour, respectively. The jatropha hay presented neutral detergent fiber degradation of 68.0% and was superior to other euphorbiaceous hay, but, showed slower degradation rate, stagnated at 86 hour. The hays of castors were superior to the other hays of euphorbiaceous for chemical composition, the coefficients of ruminal degradation and the potential and effective degradation of nutrients.