Danilo Martuccelli

Théories de la socialisation et définitions sociologiques de l'école

Francois Dubet, Danilo Martuccelli : Sozialisationstheorien und soziologische Definitionen der Schule. Die Sozialisationstheorien werden durch die Spannung zwischen der normativen und kulturellen lnteriorisierung und der kritischen Distanzierung definiert. Sie bemuhen sich, zu erklaren, wie die Einzelmenschen Mitglieder einer Gesellschaft als auch eigenstandige Aktoren sind. Es konnen zwei grosse Theoriegruppen unterschieden werden, die sich auf die eine oder die andere dieser Dimensionen stutzen. Daruberhinaus verweisen diese Sozialisationstheorien auf zwei grosse Integrationskonzepte : die Theorien der sozialen Integration und die Theorien der systematischen Integration. Die Kreuzung beider Dimensionen fuhrt zur Herausstellung von vier Einheiten, die dieser Aufsatz auf die Prufwaage der grossen Konzepte der Schule zu legen versucht, die jeweils als Institution, als Apparat, als Markt und als komplexe Einheit erscheint.

La individuación y el trabajo de los individuos

This article starts by recognizing the growing importance of the conception of the Individual in order to understand contemporary societies, while it focuses on certain impasses arising when socialization and subjectivation strategies are favoured to approach this subject matter. After formulating some criticism to both of these strategies, the article presents and develops the ways in which individuation allows explaining, at the scale of the individual, the main trials in a specific society, and it analyzes how individuals are able to build themselves as subjects within this framework.

La citoyenneté à l'école : vers la définition d'une problématique sociologique

Anne Barrere, Danilo Martuccelli : Die Schulburgerschat : zur Definition einer soziologischen Problematik. Im aktuellen Rahraen der Schwierigkeiten in der Schule und der Beziehungen zu den Normen, wird der Begriff der Schulburgerschaft mit neuen Bedeutungen belastet. Dieser Aufsatz mochte sie untersuchen und einen polysemischen Begriff problematisieren, durch die Freilegung von vier Hauptdimensionen. Es kann nicht die Rede von der « Krise » der Schulburgerschaft sein, da diese gerade erst in ihrem Anfang steht in Schulen, die noch nicht vollkommen zu politischen Gemeinschaften geworden sind, wenn sie es auch mehr als in der Vergangenheit sind. Jede dieser Dimensionen ist jedoch anlass zu verschiedenen Spannungen fur die Aktoren und birgt durch eine schliessliche Autonomisierung die Gefahr, dass nur noch unterschiedliche Schulburgerschaften ubrig bleiben.

El desafío latinoamericano: cohesión social y democracia

, realizado por el iFHC-Instituto Fernando Henrique Cardoso y el CIEPLAN-Corporacion de Estudios para Latinoamerica. El proyecto fue realizado gracias al apoyo de la Union Europea y el PNUD. Las informaciones y opiniones presentadas por los autores son de responsabilidad personal y no expresan necesariamente, ni comprometen, a las instituciones asociadas al proyecto.

Beyond institutional individualism: Agentic individualism and the individuation process in Chilean society

The sociological study of individuation processes in modern occidental societies has mobilized the thesis of institutional individualism as a key concept. This article argues that this thesis may not be appropriate to understand societies with different cultural traditions and institutional practices. Based upon the results of qualitative research conducted in Chile the article discusses the existence of a specific path to individuation in this society. The data show the analytical preeminence within the individuation process in Chile of a group of competences that must be generated and developed in confronting social life itself. Individuation leads in Chile to the constitution of relational hyper-actors based upon four dimensions: self-effort, abilities, interpersonal relationships and pragmatic consistency. This is what we propose to understand as agentic individualism.

Condición Adolescente y Ciudadanía Escolar

El articulo propone una reflexion critica sobre la experiencia adolescente y la ciudadania escolar a traves de tres grandes ejes del tema de la ciudadania. En primer lugar, se aborda la cuestion ciudadana desde los derechos y las formas sociales efectivas de insercion que en la sociedad poseen los adolescentes. En segundo lugar, el tema de la ciudadania es abordado desde las capacidades efectivas que tienen los adolescentes a la hora de ser actores de la sociedad y suscitar transformaciones en ella. Por ultimo, y desde una perspectiva mas normativa, se abordan consideraciones sobre el posible ejercicio y formacion de la ciudadania adolescente en la escuela.

La escuela y la cuestión del mérito: reflexiones desde la experiencia chilena

This article discusses the importance and centrality that merit has in Chilean society today, focusing on its multidirectional relationships to the educational realm. Our argument will be developed in three steps. Firstly, we will present the historical context of the social transformations that are to be related with the expansion of the principle of merit in this society. Secondly, we will analyze the manners in which the recognition of merit is evaluated at each of the different stages of school trajectories by members of middle and popular sectors. Finally, we will describe and discuss the way in which, due to the maintained impact of social networks and interpersonal contacts, the expansion of merit is closely related to the emergence of a new horizon of social injustice. Consequently, the article evidences that, concerning the expansion of the principle of merit in Chile, we face a twofold process: the emergence of a strong consensus about the value of merit, and the widespread sentiments of injustice and frustration that it produces in individuals. This discussion is based upon the findings of two qualitative studies. The first one was developed between 2007 and 2009 in Santiago, Concepcion and Valparaiso cities, in Chile. About one hundred interviews were held with men and women aged 30 to 55 years of middle and popular sectors. The second, an ongoing study, provided our analysis with sixteen interviews, which were carried out in Santiago in 2014, and enabled us to further analyze the merit theme.

Identité et exploitation au travail

This article explores some aspects of identity exploitation in the world of work. For this, he proceeds in three stages. First, it presents three major forms of capacity of employees - qualification, skills, identities. Then it draws the outlines of specific objective and subjective identity exploitation at work. Finally, it examines the notions of justice and injustice that can be mobilized to account this process.

Italian thought and social theory: Thinking with ‘pre-modernity’ beyond ‘post-modernity’

The aim of this article is to explore how, and to what extent, Italian thought – by its focalization on pre-modern theoretical issues and its distance from classical modern topics, such as the philosophy of conscience or the transcendence of language – can offer a different insight on contemporary social theory and critical theory, after the dissolution of the idea of totality as a foundational concept of modernity. In the last decades, a frame named ‘Italian theory’ has started to circulate in international theoretical debates, often with the aim of replacing the exhausted paradigms of poststructuralism, postmodernism and deconstructionism. Indeed, ‘Italian thought’ seems to offer new insights, thinking about the ‘post-totality’ era in a different way. In the article we present a synthetic cartography of Italian thought and we analyse the way in which it can contribute to design new horizons for social theory.

Crítica de la autoridad factual. Por la administraciòn de los hombres contra la administración por las cosas

El articulo propone un analisis de lo que caracteriza como una de las grandes tendencias contemporaneas en el ejercicio de la autoridad: el transito de las formas relacionales de la autoridad en direccion de la autoridad-factual. Tras una caracterizacion de esta ultima, tres grandes mecanismos son estudiados: el tracking , o el gobierno de las conductas a traves de las trazas pasadas de un actor; los dispositivos , en tanto que mecanismos que controlan a los individuos haciendoles hacer cosas bajo la forma de meras exigencias de funcionalidad; las ligaduras , como procesos que restringen y subordinan las decisiones futuras al respeto de ciertos indicadores. Por ultimo, el articulo senala las especificidades de los retos que la expansion de este tipo de autoridad engendra para la critica social. Palabras clave: autoridad, tracking, dispositivos, ligaduras, factual