David Cortright

Smart sanctions : targeting economic statecraft

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Targeted Financial Sanctions: Smart Sanctions that Do Work Chapter 3 Targeted Financial Sanctions: The U.S. Model Chapter 4 Targeted Financial Sanctions: Harmonizing National Legislation and Regulatory Practices Chapter 5 European Union Sanctions against the Federal Republic of yugoslavia from 1998 to 2000: A Special Exercise in Targeting Chapter 6 Arms Embargoes: In Name Only? Chapter 7 Putting More Teeth in the UN Arms Embargoes Chapter 8 The UN Experience with Travel Sanctions: Selected Cases and Conclusions Chapter 9 Analyzing the Effects of Targeted Sanctions Chapter 10 United Nations Economic Sanctions: Minimizing Adverse Effects on Nontarget States Chapter 11 Smart Sanctions in Iraq: Policy Options Chapter 12 Appendix A Chapter 13 Appendix B

Economic Sanctions: Panacea or Peacebuilding in a Post-Cold War World?

Part 1 International and national experiences with sanctions: economic sanctions in contemporary global relations, George A. Lopez and David Cortright the United Nations experience with sanctions, James C. Ngobi economic sanctions as tools of foreign policy, Ivan Eland a review of economic sanctions - a Russian perspective, Sergey K. Oznobistchev et al. Part 2 Assessing sanctions: factors affecting the success of sanctions, Kimberly Ann Elliott the problems and promise of economic sanctions, William H. Kaempfer and Anton D. Lowenberg sanctions and international law, Christopher C. Joyner the political and moral appropriateness of sanctions, Jack T. Patterson economic sanctions and the just-war doctrine, Drew Christiansen and Gerard F. Powers. Part 3 Case studies: UN sanctions against Iraq, David E. Reuther economic sanctions against Iraq - do they contribute to a just settlement?, Bashir Al-Samarrai the use of sanctions in former Yugoslavia - misunderstanding political realities, Susan L. Woodward the use of sanctions in former Yugoslavia - can they assist in conflict resolution?, Sonja Licht the use of sanctions in Haiti - assessing the economic realities, Claudette Antoine Werleigh sanctions and apartheid - the economic challenge to discrimination, Jennifer Davis. Part 4 The future of sanctions: a proposal for a new United Nations council on economic sanctions, Lloyd (Jeff) Dumas research concerns and policy needs in an era of sanctions, D. Cortright and G.A. Lopez.

India and the bomb : public opinion and nuclear options

In 1994 the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, in cooperation with the Fourth Freedom Forum, conducted the most comprehensive survey to date of the Indian publics attitude toward nuclear arms. This book examines the findings of that landmark survey.

Towards Nuclear Zero

Preface 1. Why Disarmament? Why Now? 2. Challenges to the Non-proliferation Regime 3. Why States Give up the Bomb 4. Lessons from the End of the Cold War 5. Assuring Security 6. Addressing Regional Challenges 7. Building Cooperation for Non-proliferation and Disarmament 8. Nuclear Zero and Beyond A Policy Agenda for Enhancing Security Without Nuclear Weapons Glossary Notes

Sanctions: Do they work

Economic sanctions have been used by nations to coerce other nations for many years. Sanctions can be used to deter aggresion, defend human rights, and discourage nuclear proliferation. This article brings up several questions concerning the utility of sanctions, regardless of whether they are employed by the United Nations, a group of nations, or a single nation. Questions to be answered include: When are sanctions appropriate For what situations should they be used What factors count for their success or failure How can the burden of sustaining sanctions be equalized for rich and poor nations Can the impact of santions on the poor and innocent in target states be minimized while maintaining the pressure placed on targeted leaders The article introduces a series of other articles included in this months issue of The Bulletin which address these and other issues.

What is to be Done

It is now time to turn from theory to a brief consideration of practice—to ask the question, if something like the analysis given in the preceding chapters is correct, then what, if anything, does it demand that we do? At the end of chapter one, it was pointed out that, considered analytically, Holt’s works consist of three main components. First, they contain a positive or constructive account of what he considers the ‘best learning’, the sorts of conditions that promote such learning, and the sorts of conditions that are hostile to it. Secondly, they contain a critique of education, which is justified by appeal to the foregoing account of ‘best learning’. And thirdly, they contain a range of practical strategies, aimed at mitigating the problems of education (especially compulsory schooling) and maximising the opportunity of acquiring the ‘best learning’. This third component was of great significance to Holt. Although there is a sense in which Holt’s work is ‘utopian’, in that it criticises some foundational cultural assumptions and envisages a possible society that exists nowhere, he is, at the same time, a deeply practical, realistic thinker. He does not offer airy plans for grand social reconstruction, addressed to nobody in particular; rather, he tries to answer the question of what can be done by us, here and now. In the words of one of his book titles, he wants to answer the question: What do I do Monday?

The Sanctions Decade: Assessing U.N. Strategies in the 1990s

Since the end of the Cold War, economic sanctions have been a frequent instrument of UN authority. Based on more than 200 interviews with officials from both sides, this book aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of UN sanctions in the 1990s.

Chapter Three: Why States Give up the Bomb

Rarely in the atomic age have hopes for genuine progress towards disarmament been raised as high as they are now. Governments, prompted by the renewed momentum of non-proliferation and disarmament initiatives, have put nuclear policy at the top of the international agenda. But how can countries move from warm words to meaningful action? By what means could the world be weaned from its addiction to nuclear weapons and who should undertake the task of supervising this process? This Adelphi examines practical steps for achieving progress toward disarmament, assessing the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving a world without nuclear weapons. It places the current debate over abolition in the context of urgent non-proliferation priorities, such as the need to prevent nuclear weapons from falling into the hands of extremist regimes and terrorists. It distils lessons from states that have already given up nuclear programmes and from the end of the Cold War to suggest ways of countering the efforts of Iran and North Korea to acquire nuclear weapons. For the longer term, it offers policy recommendations for moving towards a reduced global reliance on nuclear weapons.

Chapter One: Why Disarmament? Why Now?

Rarely in the atomic age have hopes for genuine progress towards disarmament been raised as high as they are now. Governments, prompted by the renewed momentum of non-proliferation and disarmament initiatives, have put nuclear policy at the top of the international agenda. But how can countries move from warm words to meaningful action? By what means could the world be weaned from its addiction to nuclear weapons and who should undertake the task of supervising this process? This Adelphi examines practical steps for achieving progress toward disarmament, assessing the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving a world without nuclear weapons. It places the current debate over abolition in the context of urgent non-proliferation priorities, such as the need to prevent nuclear weapons from falling into the hands of extremist regimes and terrorists. It distils lessons from states that have already given up nuclear programmes and from the end of the Cold War to suggest ways of countering the efforts of Iran and North Korea to acquire nuclear weapons. For the longer term, it offers policy recommendations for moving towards a reduced global reliance on nuclear weapons.

Chapter Five: Assuring Security

Rarely in the atomic age have hopes for genuine progress towards disarmament been raised as high as they are now. Governments, prompted by the renewed momentum of non-proliferation and disarmament initiatives, have put nuclear policy at the top of the international agenda. But how can countries move from warm words to meaningful action? By what means could the world be weaned from its addiction to nuclear weapons and who should undertake the task of supervising this process? This Adelphi examines practical steps for achieving progress toward disarmament, assessing the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving a world without nuclear weapons. It places the current debate over abolition in the context of urgent non-proliferation priorities, such as the need to prevent nuclear weapons from falling into the hands of extremist regimes and terrorists. It distils lessons from states that have already given up nuclear programmes and from the end of the Cold War to suggest ways of countering the efforts of Iran and North Korea to acquire nuclear weapons. For the longer term, it offers policy recommendations for moving towards a reduced global reliance on nuclear weapons.