Denise Alvarez

Aspectos do regime de embarque, turnos e gestão do trabalho em plataformas offshore da Bacia de Campos (RJ) e sua relação com a saúde e a segurança dos trabalhadores

O artigo aborda pesquisa desenvolvida na industria petrolifera offshore da Bacia de Campos (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), campo empirico que acompanhamos de forma sistematica desde 2003 e que se situa no rol dos sistemas sociotecnicos complexos. Nosso objetivo e destacar os riscos potenciais associados a organizacao do trabalho, em especial o regime de embarque e o sistema de turnos adotados nas plataformas de petroleo por algumas das empresas atuantes na regiao. Isto porque entendemos que, no contexto investigado, os problemas relacionados a saude - ai inclusos os que se situam na esfera mental - e a seguranca dos trabalhadores possuem relacao importante com aspectos da organizacao do trabalho, como aqueles que aqui se encontram em foco. Indicam-se proposicoes de mudanca com o intuito de reduzir os impactos deleterios de tais fatores sobre a saude e a seguranca dos trabalhadores. A base teorico-metodologica utilizada na pesquisa se fundamenta, principalmente, no instrumental da Ergonomia da Atividade e da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, numa perspectiva ergologica.

A dimensão gestionária do trabalho: aspectos da atividade de cuidado

O artigo trata da questao da transformacao dos mundos do trabalho, com foco no setor saude, a partir da perspectiva ergologica, cujo objeto de reflexao e analise sao as atividades humanas. Primeiro busca-se mostrar as transformacoes que sao operadas no desenvolvimento da propria atividade, enfatizando os debates de normas e valores presentes em situacoes do trabalho em saude, com base em pesquisas que abordaram as atividades de cuidado. Posteriormente discute-se a circulacao de valores que se da em um espaco tripolar, em que a atividade e um dos polos, indicando as tensoes que a atravessam e explorando a coexistencia de diferentes temporalidades que cercam os mundos do trabalho. Procura-se refletir sobre as diferentes dimensoes/polos de transformacoes ligadas ao trabalho e suas temporalidades, opondo-se a ideia de que estas seriam apenas oriundas e impostas pelo mercado. Por fim, abre-se uma discussao sobre as reservas de alternativas contidas nos proprios processos de trabalho, visando apontar caminhos que considerem o ponto de vista da atividade e os saberes acumulados pelos trabalhadores.

The managerial dimension of labor: aspects of care activities

The paper deals with the issue of the transformation of the worlds of work, focusing on the healthcare sector from the ergological perspective, the object of reflection and analysis of which are human activities. Initially an attempt is made to show the transformations that have occurred in performing the activity per se, emphasizing the discussions of norms and values present in healthcare situations, based on research that addressed the activities of care. Subsequently the change of values that occur in a tripolar space are discussed, in which the activity is one of the poles, indicating the tensions that impinge upon it and examining the coexistence of different temporalities that surround the worlds of work. A study is conducted to reflect on the different dimensions/poles of transformation related to work and their temporalities, opposing the idea that these originate from and are imposed solely by the market. Finally a discussion on the reserves of alternatives contained in the actual work processes is staged, seeking to point out ways that consider the viewpoint of activity and the knowledge accumulated by workers.

Gestão do trabalho, saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores de termelétricas: um olhar sob o ponto de vista da atividade

This article presents the labor management changes and the implications for occupational health and safety that occurred after two thermoelectric plants were acquired by a government-owned, joint stock with private investors, energy corporation. The changes led part of these workers to question their own professional abilities, as previously experienced workers were suddenly considered unqualified due to the new organizational model and restructuring implemented in their units. It was seen how lack of professional recognition in the workplace led to negative health and safety consequences for workers, as there were numerous cases of psychic anguish, emotional disorders, musculoskeletal problems, gastrointestinal disorders, etc. It was also seen that it is now possible to introduce a series of measures that can contribute to improve working conditions and, consequently, the lives of the workers. The benchmark used was Ergology, as well as aspects of the Psychodynamics of Work and the Ergonomics of the Activity. The methodology included a bibliographical survey of the theme, document analysis, semi-structured interviews, systematic activities observations and the validation of results with the research subjects.

Language Issues in the Activity of Interaction with the Company Players

Quite often companies from different economic sectors ask for the intervention from research groups connected to the fields of Ergonomics, Production Engineering or Work Psychology, both in Brazil and in Portugal. In certain situations, those requests unfold in new demands. The attitude we adopt as consultants to answer those requests privileges a clinical approach and the activity’s perspective and it demands, straight away, a positioning that relies on the actual work situations. Consequently, we value the coproduction in context, both for the meaning and for the experience brought to work. We advocate the development of a reflexive contract between the consultant and the client, given the adoption of a collaborative attitude, with constant changes, making it possible to reach a commitment that satisfies both parties.