Diogo Gonzaga Jayme

Cinética de fermentação ruminal de silagens de milheto

The dry matter digestibility and the fermentation kinetics of three pearl millet genotypes silages (BRS-1501, NPM-1, and CMS-3) were estimated by the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, using a completely randomized blocks design in a split plot arrangement. The genotypes means were compared by SNK test (P<0.05) and fermentation kinetics parameters estimated by regression of gas production on time using the France model. The greater cumulative gas production from 24 hours on was obtained by BRS-1501 genotype silage. The dry matter degradability (DMD) values at 96 hours of incubation were 53.9% for BRS-1501, 51.7% for NPM-1, and 49.1% for CMS-3 silage. The lowest DMD (P<0.05) among the studied genotypes silages was observed for CMS-3 silage. The maximum potential of gas production ranged from 145.18ml/g of dry matter for CMS-3 genotype silage to 155.02ml/g of dry matter for BRS-1501 silage. The BRS-1501 genotype silage showed the highest potential of gas production and effective degradabilities.

Avaliação pela técnica semiautomática de produção de gases das silagens de quatro genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annuus) (Rumbosol 91, Victoria 627, Victoria 807 e Mycogen 93338)

Four silages from distinct sunflower (Helianthus annuus) genotypes (Rumbosol 91, Victoria 627, 807 Victoria, and Mycogen 93338) were evaluated by semi-automated in vitro gas production technique in a completely random block design in a split plot scheme. The means were compared by the SNK test (P 0.05). Maximum potential gas production ranged from 91.67 for Victoria 807 to 125.46mL/g of DM Rumbosol 91. Genotype Rumbosol 91 showed the highest DMD for fermentation rate of 2 (46.39%) and 5% (43.26%), and the highest values for fermentation rate of 8% was observed for Victoria 627 genotype. Silages from Rumbosol 91 and Victoria 627 genotypes showed outstanding potential of gases production and rate of gases production.

Methane production and energy partitioning in sheep fed Andropogon gayanus grass ensiled at three regrowth stages

Ribeiro Jr., G. A., Teixeira, A. M., Velasco, F. O., Faria Jr., W. G., Jayme, D. G., Maurício, R. M., Gonçalves, L. C. and McAllister, T. A. 2015. Methane production and energy partitioning in sheep fed Andropogon gayanus grass ensiled at three regrowth stages. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 103-110. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of harvesting Andropogon gayanus at different regrowth stages (56, 84 and 112 d) on the nutritional value of silage and CH4 emissions from sheep. Rams (n=18) were adapted to silages for 21 d after which intake and digestibility were measured over 5 d in a completely randomized design (six rams/treatment). Heat production and methane emissions from each ram were measured in a respiration chamber over 24 h. Silage dry matter (DM; 54.4 g kg-1 BW0.75 d-1) intake was not influenced (P>0.05) by silage regrowth stage, but apparent DM digestibility linearly decreased (P<0.05) from 526 to 380 g kg-1 with increasing regrowth. Energy lost as a percent of gross energy intake (GEI) linearly increased with longer regrowth, yet no effect on CH4 losses (as% GEI; g kg-1 DM; g kg-1 digestible DM) or heat production were observed. Ensiling A. gayanus grass at an earlier regrowth stage (56 d) will improve silage quality, but improvements in the energetic value are not due to a reduction in enteric CH4 emissions as a% GEI.

Qualidade das silagens de genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annuus) confeiteiros e produtores de óleo

Quality of Sunflower silage was determined using genotypes Mycogen, Victoria 807, Victoria 627, M742, IAC Uruguai, V2000. The silos were opened on the 56th day of fermentation. The lowest dry matter values were for the genotypes Mycogen 93338 and V2000. In relation to the CP values, differences were not observed among five of the six genotypes. The genotypes with oil producer seed showed highest ether extract values, which were different from the confectionary variety, except IAC Uruguai. The observed values of neutral detergent fiber varied from 43.6% to 55.8%. For the acid detergent fiber concentrations the genotypes V2000 with 33.2% and Mycogen with 35.2% showed the lowest values. Differences for N-NH3/TN values were not observed. The pH mean value of the silages was 4.51. The highest values of in vitro dry matter digestibility were obtained for the silages of the genotypes V2000 (51.2%) and Mycogen 93338 with 54.5%. The silages from confectionary variety as well as the silages of sunflowers oil producers were classified as good quality for the evaluated parameters, demonstrating the potential of the sunflower as an option for production of silage at the time of summer post-harvesting.

Re-ensiling and its effects on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and quality of corn silage after different lengths of exposure to air

Abstract The exposure of silages to air during storage and during transfer between silos may lead to the growth of aerobic microorganisms and so compromise the chemical composition, silage quality, and in vitro digestibility. In this study, we simulated the transfer and re-ensiling of silages to check for possible effects of exposure to air in relation to chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, and silage quality and aerobic stability. Twenty silos were made, and after 150 d, 15 of them were opened and re-ensiled after 12, 24, and 48 h of exposure to air. During the aerobic exposure period, temperature varied from 9.1 to 28.9 °C (mean: 18.5 °C). Among the parameters evaluated, we observed variation only in lignin content; however, this variable did not affect the in vitro digestibility of the silage. A linear increase of pH values as increasing air exposure time (P < 0.05) also was observed. However, these changes did not have practical importance due to the small observed variation. The pH values of the experimental samples were lower than 4.2, which is indicative of well-preserved corn silages. Therefore, the chemical composition, the quality, and the aerobic stability of silage were not influenced by different periods of air exposure.

CARBOIDRATOS SOLÚVEIS, DIGESTIBILIDADE “IN VITRO” DA MATÉRIA SECA E ÁCIDOS ORGÂNICOS DAS SILAGENS DE TRÊS GENÓTIPOS DE MILHETO [Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. BR.] EM DIFERENTES PERIODOS DE FERMENTAÇÃO

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar as isotermas de sorcao das espigas de milho para diversas condicoes de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e ajustar diferentes modelos matematicos aos dados experimentais. Para obtencao do teor de agua de equilibrio higroscopico das espigas de milho foi utilizado o metodo estatico, em câmaras com temperatura controlada, contendo no seu interior dessecadores com solucoes salinas saturadas. A temperatura variou entre 10 e 50°C e a umidade relativa entre 0,11 e 0,84 (decimal). As amostras foram pesadas periodicamente, sendo o equilibrio higroscopio alcancado quando a variacao da massa das amostras foi igual ou inferior a 0,01 g. Os modelos matematicos recomendados pela ASAE foram ajustados as dados experimentais. Para a avaliacao do grau de ajuste de cada modelo considerou-se a magnitude do coeficiente de determinacao ajustado, erros medio relativo e estimado, e a verificacao do comportamento da distribuicao dos residuos. Conclui-se que a higroscopicidade da espiga de milho segue a mesma tendencia da maioria dos produtos agricolas e que os modelos de Chung-Pfost Modificado, Halsey Modificado e Oswin Modificado representam adequadamente o fenomeno.

Energy metabolism and partition of lactating Zebu and crossbred Zebu cows in different planes of nutrition

The aim of this study was to determine the energy metabolism and partition of lactating Gyr and F1 Holstein x Gyr (F1 HxG) cows in different planes of nutrition. Six F1 HxG and six Gyr cows with 130 days in milking (DIM) fed corn silage and concentrate were evaluated. The experiment consisted of four periods with different levels of feeding: 1st ad libitum dry matter intake (DMI) and the others with 5, 10 and 20% restricted DMI, related to the first one. An apparent digestibility assay was performed before measurements in the respiration chamber. Total feces were collected for three days. The cows were confined for 24h in the chamber in each period to determine methane and heat production (HP). F1 HxG had higher gross energy intake (GEI), metabolisable energy intake (MEI) and digestible energy intake (DEI). GE lost in feces was higher in F1 HxG (23.7% GEI) than in Gyr (20.5%) cows. Energy lost as methane and urine was similar between the groups. The metabolisability (q) was 0.67, and the efficiency of converting ME to NE (k) was 0.56. There was no difference in the energy requirements for maintenance between breeds (426.6 MJ/kg BW0,75 average value). The energy requirements for lactation were higher in F1 HxG animals due to the higher volume of milk produced, since there was no difference in energy requirements for production of one kg of milk.