Rogério Martins Maurício

Nutritional evaluation of “Braquiarão” grass in association with “Aroeira” trees in a silvopastoral system

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of a silvopastoral system (SPS) composed of “Aroeira” trees (Myracrodruon urundeuva) on the nutritional value of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu forage grass over the rainy season. The experiment was conducted in the SPS located in the “Cerrado” biome in Lagoa Santa County, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in the agricultural year of 2004–2005. It was evaluated the influence of “Aroeira”, whose density in the area was 140 trees/ha, on the following parameters of the B. brizantha cv. Marandu forage grass: forage mass harvest above stubble height, morphogenic attributes, bromatological composition and nutritional value. The effects of “Aroeira” trees on the micro-climatic conditions were also evaluated. The experiment adopted a randomized block design with five blocks (cutting seasons), two treatments (a shaded pasture—B. brizantha cv. Marandu shaded by M. urundeuva—and a pasture in full sun—B. brizantha cv. Marandu in full sun), and three replicates. The tree component, composed of the tree species M. urundeuva in the experimental density adopted, increased dry matter and crude protein of the forage mass harvest above stubble height, without affecting the concentration of neutral detergent fibre or acid detergent fibre, thus causing dry matter and organic matter in vitro degradability as well as effective degradability of the forage grass to remain the same as those obtained in full sun. Therefore, the results of this study show the possibility of using trees and grass to increase both animal production and environmental services.

Relação entre pressão e volume para implantação da técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases na avaliação de forrageiras tropicais

O trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar o procedimento inicial para a instalacao da tecnica in vitro semi-automatica de producao de gases em diferentes laboratorios, ou seja, estabelecer uma equacao que estime o volume (V) de gases produzidos no interior dos frascos por meio de dados de pressao (P) e V, obtidos manualmente durante a fermentacao de diferentes substratos. Foram utilizadas sete forrageiras: feno de Cynodon dactylon (tifton 85), Brachiaria brizantha (braquiarao), Neonotonia wightii (soja perene) e silagens de quatro genotipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), que geraram 1036 dados de P e V. A equacao relacionando V e P obtida foi: V = -0,004 (s.e. 0,06) + 4,43P (s.e. 0,043) + 0,051 P2(s.e. 0,007), R2 = 0,99, a qual permitiu a instalacao da tecnica in vitro semi-automatica de producao de gases no laboratorio de nutricao animal do Departamento de Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinaria da UFMG.

Comparação de substratos com diferentes quantidades de carboidratos solúveis utilizando a técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases

The difference between the gas production (GP) and the dry matter degradation (DMD) of substrates with different amounts of soluble carbohydrates using the in vitro gas production technique was studied. Five substrates (sugarcane, maize silage, Panicum maximum grass, corn grain, 20% CP commercial lactating cow ration and soybean meal) and the same substrates with part of its soluble carbohydrate removed (washed materials) were evaluated. The GP was higher and DMD was lower for washed materials than for the original materials. The carbohydrate concentration affects the results of the gas production technique.

Composição bromatológica e cinética de fermentação ruminal de híbridos de sorgo com capim-sudão

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of 23 experimental genotypes and two control cultivars (AG2501C and BRS800) obtained by crossing sorghum with sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor cv. Bicolor × Sorghum bicolor cv. Sudanense), managed in a cutting regime. The bromatological analysis was performed, and the kinetics parameters of dry matter fermentation was obtained by the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique. A completely randomized block design was used for total gas production in a split plot arrangement. For all other responses an entirely randomized design was applied. The mean values were compared by Scott-Knott test. The genotypes CMSXS212*CMSXS912 and ATF14*CMSXS912 showed the highest dry matter content and the genotypes (A3TX430*CMSXS225)*CMSXS912, (A3TX430*CMSXS227)*CMSXS912, (BR007*CMSXS217)*CMSXS912, CMSXS210*CMSXS912, CMSXS157*CMSXS912, CMSXS215*CMSXS912, ATF14*CMSXS912, CMSXS205*CMSXS912, CMSXS156*CMSXS912, CMSXS107*CMSXS912, CMSXS216*CMSXS912 showed the highest protein level. The cell wall contents, the kinetics parameters and the effective dry matter degradation for all the hybrids were not statistically different.

Cinética de fermentação ruminal de silagens de milheto

The dry matter digestibility and the fermentation kinetics of three pearl millet genotypes silages (BRS-1501, NPM-1, and CMS-3) were estimated by the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, using a completely randomized blocks design in a split plot arrangement. The genotypes means were compared by SNK test (P<0.05) and fermentation kinetics parameters estimated by regression of gas production on time using the France model. The greater cumulative gas production from 24 hours on was obtained by BRS-1501 genotype silage. The dry matter degradability (DMD) values at 96 hours of incubation were 53.9% for BRS-1501, 51.7% for NPM-1, and 49.1% for CMS-3 silage. The lowest DMD (P<0.05) among the studied genotypes silages was observed for CMS-3 silage. The maximum potential of gas production ranged from 145.18ml/g of dry matter for CMS-3 genotype silage to 155.02ml/g of dry matter for BRS-1501 silage. The BRS-1501 genotype silage showed the highest potential of gas production and effective degradabilities.

Avaliação da Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu em sistemas silvipastoris

In situ degradability of dry matter of Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu harvested in two silvopastoral systems was evaluated. One system was composed by Zeyheria tuberculosa tree and the other by Myracrodruon urundeuva, both located at Brazilian Savannah, Lagoa Santa, MG. A completely ramdomized block experimental design in a splitplot arrangement was used. The treatments were allocated in the plots and the times in the splitplot. No effect of shade was observed for in situ dry matter degradability.

Predição da degradação da matéria seca pelo volume de gases utilizando a técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases

The dry matter degration (DMD) was estimated through volume of gas produced (GP) during the in vitro fermentation. The DMD from eight forages (Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, cynodon hay, maize silage, Pennisetum glaucon, sorghum, elephant grass and sugarcane) and corn grain were obtained and were compared with the DMD estimated using regression equations. The results showed the GP can not predict the DMD due to inocula effects, chemical composition of substrate or losses of particles of soluble material during filtration process.

Características produtivas, agronômicas e nutricionais do capim-tanzânia em cinco diferentes idades ao corte

The potential for use of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) cut at different ages for the production of silage was evaluated. In the first experiment, Tanzania grass, cut at 42, 63, 84, 107, and 126 days of growth, was evaluated considering its productivity, agronomic characteristics and chemical composition. It was observed gain in height of Tanzania grass until the 84th day, with increased the production of green fodder and mass production of dry material with the advancing age of cutting. It also resulted in a decrease in the percentage of leaves and an increase in the percentage of stems. Regarding chemical composition, it was detected a decrease in crude protein percentage and an increase of fibrous fractions with the advancing of age. The results were reflected in the kinetics of rumen fermentation of Tanzania grass cut on the 42nd, 63rd, 84th, 107th, and 126th days, described by semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, showing less potential for gas production, lower fractional of fermentation and, consequently, less effective degradability of dry matter. For the production of grass silage, it is recommended cutting the Tanzania grass from 42 to 63 days of age.

Cinética de degradação e fermentação ruminal da Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu colhida em diferentes idades ao corte

Fermentation kinetics of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu harvested on 28, 56, 84, and 112 days of growth was evaluated with the semi-automatic in vitro gas production technique. Regression equations between volume of gas and dry-matter digestibility during fermentation periods of treatments were linear. Marandu grass harvested on 28 and 56 days of growth showed the greatest rate of gas production around 18 hours of incubation, while the rate of gas production of forages cut at 84 and 112 days reached the peak at 36 hours of incubation. Cumulative gas production was higher on 28 and 56 days of harvest intervals than grass harvested on 84 and 112 days. Therefore, the best harvest stage for using Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu were between 28 and 56 days due to highest ruminal fermentability.

In vitro Fermentation, Digestion Kinetics and Methane Production of Oilseed Press Cakes from Biodiesel Production

Following the extraction of oil for biodiesel production, oilseed press cakes are high in fat. As the dietary supplementation of fat is currently considered the most promising strategy of consistently depressing methanogenesis, it follows that oilseed press cakes may have a similar potential for CH4 abatement. As such, this study aimed to characterise the nutritive value of several oilseed press cakes, glycerine and soybean meal (SBM) and to examine their effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation, digestion kinetics and CH4 production. Moringa press oil seeds exhibited the greatest in sacco effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP (p<0.05). In vitro gas production (ml/g digested DM) was not affected (p = 0.70) by supplement at 48 h of incubation. In vitro DMD was increased with the supplementation of glycerine and SBM at all levels of inclusion. Moringa oilseed press cakes produced the lowest CH4 (mg/g digested DM) at 6 and 12 h of incubation (p<0.05). The findings suggest that moringa oilseed press cake at 400 g/kg DM has the greatest potential of the oilseed press cakes examined in this study, to reduce CH4 production, without adversely affecting nutrient degradability.