Dirk Vallée

Streiks und die Zuverlässigkeit der Verkehrsbedienung

ZusammenfassungMit der Privatisierung und der Aufhebung des Prinzips der Tarifeinheit haben die Arbeitskämpfe im Verkehrswesen stark zugenommen. Die Zuverlässigkeit der Verkehrsbedienung ist gefährdet und unbeteiligte Dritte haben oft das Nachsehen. Der Wissenschaftliche Beirat beim Bundesminister für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur hat eine Stellungnahme vorgelegt, die Empfehlungen ausspricht, wie das Streikrecht im Verkehrswesen neu geregelt werden kann.AbstractOf late, Germany has been hit by unprecedented strike actions by airline and railway staff. Lufthansa’s pilots staged 13 walkouts between April 2014 and September 2015, resulting in the cancellation of 8,500 flights and affecting around one million passengers. The one week strike by Lufthansa’s cabin crews in November 2015 forced the company to cancel another 4,700 flights. The trend towards industrial action in the German transportation sector is not limited to airline pilots and cabin crew, however. In addition, security agents and ground staff at several airports have gone on strike, and most of all, train drivers walk out with increasing frequency. In this article, measures are proposed to balance the legal, and legitimate, right of workers to use strikes as a tool of last resort in wagebargaining processes with the no less important right of customers to have access to reliable transportation services. While many other Western countries have regulations in place for the conduct of wage bargaining, including rules on work stoppages in core public service sectors, no such rules exist in Germany.

Extreme Events, Critical Infrastructures, Human Vulnerability and Strategic Planning: Emerging Research Issues

The importance of critical infrastructures and strategic planning in the context of extreme events, climate change and urbanization has been underscored recently in international policy frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (UNISDR (United Nations/International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction) 2015), and the new Paris climate agreement (UNFCCC (United Nations — Framework Convention on Climate Change) 2015) as well as the New Urban Agenda (UN-HABITAT 2016). This paper outlines key research challenges in addressing the nexus between extreme weather events, critical infrastructure resilience, human vulnerability and strategic planning. Using a structured expert dialogue approach (particularly based on a roundtable discussion funded by the German National Science Foundation (DFG)), the paper outlines emerging research issues in the context of extreme events, critical infrastructures, human vulnerability and strategic planning, providing perspectives for inter- and transdisciplinary research on this important nexus. The main contribution of the paper is a compilation of identified research gaps and needs from an interdisciplinary perspective including the lack of integration across subjects and mismatches between different concepts and schools of thought.

BIM – TOWARDS THE ENTIRE LIFECYCLE

The goal of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the integral and comprehensive digital modeling of all properties regarding a building, its planning and construction process as well as maintenance and use. This is combined with the overarching objective within BIM to integrate and support all involved experts aiming towards an improved collaboration. Currently the necessary data often only exists in a very fragmented and uncoordinated way throughout different subsections, as well as planning and construction phases. A lack of organized information management is especially noticeable in finalized built objectives during questions of conversion and refurbishment. BIM tries to mediate between the different views of its users and allows for a coordinated accumulation of data, as well as synchronously keeping the planning status up to date. However, in most cases essential information is missing or not used throughout the complete lifecycle of the building. Consequently, there are clear gaps between the different phases of planning, construction and maintenance. Within this paper, we give an evaluation of applicable methods for data collection and modeling of the actual inventory of components with regard to position, geometry and semantics (e.g. material) for the purpose of a comprehensive and BIM-compliant as-built documentation. This allows the analysis of missing interfaces and data. Considered from a process automation viewpoint, we identify missing BIM data e.g. for assembly processes within construction in order to create a BIM-aided planning process that continues into actual fabrication and construction. Based on this, we discuss possibilities for the implementation of user requirements in order to develop a comprehensive semi-automated decision support tool for BIM users. Primary goal is to provide concepts for the integration of construction processes as well as options for conversion planning and construction of buildings. These targets imply a continuous updating of the BIM models (including the semantic parameters) from a continuous ‘as-built’ acquisition and modeling of the construction progress. While BIM primarily is being discussed as a cooperative working methodology in the new planning of buildings, we also consider the required information for future conversion and refurbishment of the building and the required level of development, in order to complete the lifecycle approach of BIM.

Implementing Heat· Related Adaptation Measures in the Tri-City Area Bergisches Städtedreieck

In order to meet the challenges of climate change, the overarching strategies of climate change mitigation and adaptation play an equally important role in urban development (IPCC 2014). This leads to the overall question of how municipalities realize climate change adaption strategies in the context of their spatial development. The project ‘BESTKLIMA—Implementation and quality assurance of the climate adaptation concept in the Bergisches Stadtedreieck’ aims to develop and test transferable spatial development solutions for climate adaptation in the cities of Remscheid, Solingen, and Wuppertal. The project follows the research approach of climate change governance using a moderated bottom-up method, which involves the actors and their knowledge of methods and facts (BMVBS and BBSR 2013). One objective of the project is to promote the integration of measures that tackle thermal stress into administrative practice. The question is now how precicely to implement the heat-related measures that were decided upon in the previously adopted regional climate change adaption strategy. For this purpose, constellations of actors and responsibilities in handling heat waves are identified based on expert interviews. Initial results show that the cities share approaches to forestry and health care but differ in their approaches to spatial planning as well as green and open space development when it comes to heat.

Developing A Location Model For Fast Charging Infrastructure In Urban Areas

The potential of reducing greenhouse gases in transport sector attracted different groups to promote electric vehicles (EVs) as a component of sustainable mobility development. However, studies assert that the usage of EV is currently limited mainly to short-distance trips and the users are only those who have the opportunity of charging their car privately at home or workplaces. This research highlights the lack of public charging stations and tries to develop a demand-oriented location model for finding the optimal location of fast charging stations (FCSs) from a user’s point of view. In urban areas the users can make use of activity time of their daily routine activities such as supermarket shopping for charging the battery of their EVs. Therefore, the proposed location model focuses on the interaction between people’s travel behaviour and urban infrastructure. First, the potential of a facility for installation of FCS is determined by means of its different attributes such as number of attracted motorized individual trips, opening hours and parking lot availability, activity time of users in different facilities in relation to the charging time and synergy effect of closely allied facilities. In the second step, the study area is zoned and the calculated potential for facilities is transferred to the relevant zones, considering users’ maximum detour acceptance, catchment area of facilities as well as spatial impact of existing charging stations. The input data, which rely mainly on open source and publically accessible data, are analysed and depicted as different georeferenced layers in the geographical information system (ArcGIS Software). The proposed location model aims to cover the growing demand for public FCS of current EV users as well as one step forward to increase the acceptance of electro mobility among potential users.

Towards Life Cycle Complete BIM

The goal of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the integral overarching digital modelling of all properties regarding a building as well as its construction. This is targeted through the integration and support of all involved experts. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of this task, the necessary data often only exists in a very fragmented and uncoordinated way throughout different departments. BIM tries to mediate between the different views of its users and allows for a coordinated accumulation of data, as well as synchronously keeping the planning status up to date. However, in most cases this available information is still not used throughout the complete lifecycle of the building. Clear gaps exist between the different phases of planning, construction as well as use and maintenance. Within this paper we aim to give an overview of possible BIM data, as well as its relevance for construction processes. This is especially considered from a process automation viewpoint, in order to identify the required interfaces as well as missing and irrelevant data for assembly processes within construction. Based on this a BIM informed design to production becomes possible. Primary goal is the development of strategies for the creation of BIM-aided planning processes that continue into actual fabrication and construction and are efficient in terms of time, energy and costs considering changing user demands and the resulting usage requirements. We address the lifecycle of a building using the concept of BIM. Therefore, we also consider the required information for future conversion and refurbishment of the building, in order to complete the lifecycle approach of BIM. Hence, we give a first brief overview of possible techniques for modelling pre-existing buildings within BIM, as well as the required level of detail (LoD). Looking closer at the LoD for different lifecycle phases.