Douglas Leandro Scheid

EFEITO DO COBRE SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. E Cassia multijuga Rich.

Soil contamination with copper has become common in the mining and agricultural regions by the use of copper-based-fungicide and application of liquid swine slurry to the soil, causing a reduction in plant productivity. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the effect of copper doses in growth and quality of Barbatimao (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart.) and Cassia (Cassia multijugaRich.) seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial (2 x 4) being the two forest species and four doses of copper: 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg kg-1, with 10 repetitions. It was evaluated plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of shoot and root length and specific root surface area, and the quality indexes of seedlings: relationship between shoot height and diameter of the collar; height and shoot dry weight of shoots and Dickson Quality Index. The results revealed that the copper doses tested does not change the quality of seedlings of Cassia and that Barbatimao maintains the quality of seedlings up to 300 mg kg-1 of copper added to soil. Barbatimao presents greater growth and quality than Cassia seedlings in soil contaminated with copper.

Growth of tropical tree species and absorption of copper in soil artificially contaminated.

Reclamation of copper contaminated sites using forest species may be an efficient alternative to reduce the negative impact. The aim of this study was to quantify the growth and evaluate the quality of seedlings of native species at different doses of copper in the soil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven replications in a factorial arrangement (3×9), using three indigenous species of plants (Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Mimosa scabrella and Apuleia leiocarpa) and nine doses of copper in the soil (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 mg kg-1).The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse which the seedlings were grown for 180 days. The experimental units were plastic pots of 125 cm3 filled with Oxisol. The results indicated that the levels of copper applied to the soil decreased the quality of seedlings and growth of Apuleia leiocarpato a lesser extent compared with Mimosa scabrella and Anadenanthera macrocarpa. Anadenanthera macrocarpa was the forest species that resulted in the lowest copper translocation from roots to shoots. In addition, the Apuleia leiocarpa exhibited high resistance and tolerance for copper in the soil and also, it is highlighted an ability for copper phytoremediation.

CRESCIMENTO E TOLERÂNCIA DE MUDAS DE Enterolobium contortisiliquum Vell. CULTIVADAS EM SOLO CONTAMINADO COM ZINCO

Zinc is an essential element to plants, but when present in high concentrations in the soil can become toxic to the plant metabolism. The study aimed to determine the growth and tolerance of Enterolobium contortisiliquum Vell. seedlings cultived in soil contaminated with zinc. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in soil with 81% clay, in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, doses of zinc (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg kg -1 ) eight repetitions. We evaluated the plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, length of the main root, specific surface area, Zn content in shoots and roots, the impact coefficient of relative zinc content, translocation and tolerance. The ratio of the impact on the zinc content showed lower tendency to translocation of Zn from the air to the change of the dose of 300 mg kg -1 Zn soil. The results showed that close to 200 mg Zinc kg -1 clay soil doses stimulate plant height, stem diameter, stem and root dry mass of seedlings and timbauva. Timbauva presents high tolerance to zinc and because it is a native tree adapted to Brazilian environmental conditions it can be indicated for revegetation of contaminated areas with the application of up to 600 mg of zinc kg-1 of clay soil.

INFLUÊNCIA DE ECTOMICORRIZAS NO CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus grandis, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus saligna E Eucalyptus dunnii

The ectomycorrhizal association benefit plants by providing an increase in the area of root absorption and getting more nutrients and water as well as may enable growth of the host soils subjected to adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different ectomycorrhizal isolates on seedling growth of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid., Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, Eucalyptus saligna Sm. and Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (4 x 4), four species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus dunnii ) and four isolates of ectomycorrhizal inoculum (UFSC - Pt116 ( Pisolithus microcarpus (Cooke & Massee) Cunn), UFSC -132 ( Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch), UFSC -121, and without inoculation) with 12 repetitions. Three months after the experiment was evaluated: the percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of root and shoot. Relationships were also calculated: dry aerial/root dry mass, height/diameter and Dickson quality index. The plant height, leaf number and shoot dry mass showed higher average in the species Eucalyptus dunnii and Corymbia citriodora , when the inoculation with UFSC -132. Inoculation with UFSC-Pt116 resulted in 63,3 % of colonized roots in Corymbia citriodora , while Eucalyptus dunnii inoculated with UFSC-121 had 67,7 % of its colonized roots. The isolated ectomycorrhizal UFSC-132 provides enhanced growth of seedlings of Eucalyptus dunnii and Corymbia citriodora compared to the control without inoculation.

Amenizante Orgânico e Eucalyptus grandis para Fitoestabilização de Solo Contaminado com Cobre

Este trabalho avaliou a utilizacao de turfa como amenizante e Eucalyptus grandis como tecnica de fitoestabilizacao para remediar solo contaminado com cobre. O trabalho foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (2 × 6), sendo sem e com adicao de turfa (200 mL L-1 de solo) e seis doses de cobre adicionadas ao solo (0 mg kg-1, 60 mg kg-1, 120 mg kg-1, 180 mg kg-1, 240 mg kg-1, 300 mg kg-1 de solo), com seis repeticoes. Avaliaram-se a altura das mudas, o diâmetro do colo, a massa seca radicular e aerea, a area superficial especifica, os teores e a quantidade acumulada de cobre no sistema radicular e na parte aerea e o indice de translocacao. A adicao de turfa possibilitou efeito amenizante da contaminacao por cobre e favoreceu o crescimento das mudas. As mudas de Eucalyptus grandis apresentam elevado acumulo de cobre nas raizes, o que permite indica-la como promissora para fins de fitoestabilizacao de solos contaminados com cobre.

POTENCIAL DA ASSOCIAÇÃO Pisolithus microcarpus COM MUDAS DE Corymbia citriodora EM SOLO CONTAMINADO COM ZINCO

The use of microorganisms potential association with plants is a common practice in soil contaminated by heavy metals, considered low-cost and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson and the effect of Pisolithus microcarpus UFSC-Pt116 inoculation in soil contaminated with Zn. The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (2 x 6), with and without inoculum and six doses of Zn (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 mg kg-1 soil), with six replications. Seedlings were inoculated and cultured for 90 days in nursery. After 67 days of transplantation was evaluated the ectomycorrhizal colonization percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, chlorophyll index, root volume, leaf dry weight, stem, root and total, dry mass ratio / root dry mass and height / stem diameter. The ectomycorrhizal colonization percentage in Corymbia citriodora is stimulated by adding up to 1412.21 mg kg-1 Zn. The Corymbia citriodora is tolerant to the addition of up to 1500 mg kg-1 of zinc in soil with 81% clay even without inoculation with Pisolithus microcarpus.The canonical correlation analysis shows that inoculation with P. microcarpus favors total dry mass, root and aerial part of Corymbia citriodora grown in soil with 81% clay contaminated with 600 mg kg-1 Zn.

Effects of copper on growth and quality of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mar. and Cassia multijuga Rich.

Soil contamination with copper has become common in the mining and agricultural regions by the use of copper-based-fungicide and application of liquid swine slurry to the soil, causing a reduction in plant productivity. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the effect of copper doses in growth and quality of Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart.) and Cassia (Cassia multijuga Rich.) seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial (2 x 4) being the two forest species and four doses of copper: 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg kg-1, with 10 repetitions. It was evaluated plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of shoot and root length and specific root surface area, and the quality indexes 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Dr., Professor Adjunto II do Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Linha 7 de Setembro, s/n, Caixa Postal 54, CEP 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen (RS), Brasil. rodrigosilva@smail.ufsm.br 2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Msc., Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Caixa Postal 346, CEP 97001-000, Santa Maria (RS), Brasil. Pesquisador da FEPAGO Florestas. evandro@fepagro.rs.gov.br 3 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Dr., Pós-Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria (RS), Brasil. Bolsista CAPES. bemfica_steffen@yahoo.com.br 4 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Mestrando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia: Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Linha 7 de Setembro, s/n, Caixa Postal 54, CEP 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen (RS), Brasil. sidiww@hotmail.com 5 Acadêmicos do Curso de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Linha 7 de Setembro, s/n, Caixa Postal 54, CEP 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen (RS), Brasil. Bolsista PIBIC/CNPq. cassicarlos@yahoo.com.br / douglasscheid@gmail.com Recebido para publicação em 23/03/2012 e aceito em 8/04/2013