Evandro Luiz Missio

Nutrição mineral de mudas de grápia (Apuleia leiocarpa) em ARGISSOLO VERMELHO distrófico arênico: (1) Efeito da dubaçio NPK no crescimento

Grapia (Apuleia leiocarpa Vog. Macbride) is an important salive forest specie that lias been is extinction process. use abu of this study was to determine the optimum leveIs ai nitrogen, phosphonts, and potassium fertilization on the initial growth of grdpia. Grdpia plants were cultivated is pots containing 3,5kg of a Paleudalfsoil, under glasshouse condiuions. Twenty-seven fertilization treat,nenhs were used is a complete tr~factorial scheme (3x3x3), represented by the combination of three leveis (0, 40, and 8Omg kg) ofN, ei P, and ofIC 77w plant growth is height, stem diameter, and number of leaves were analyzed monthly. After 140 days o! cultivation other growth parameters were analyzed, as follow: dry weight of roots, stem, leaves, and o! the whole plant, rool/shoot dty weight ratio, and length of lhe root system. Phosphorus fertilization bscreases all evaluated growth parameters. and the highest raspasse, except for the length of the root .system, occurred above SOmg kg. Potassiwn fertilization at doses greater dias 6Omg kg positively affects several growth parameters, except for the root/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry matter, and lhe 51cm diameter. 77w beneficial effectfrom lhe nitrogen fertiliration, as for the length of the root system, number of leaves, plant height, and lhe dry weight of leaves, and of the whole pIas:, depend os lhe addition of K. Young plants o! grdpia growin: is a Paleudalf soil show high response to P and moderate response to K and N.

Exigências nutricionais da grápia ao fósforo e enxofre em Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico: efeito da adubação no crescimento

Grapia (Apuleia leiocarpa Vog. Macbride) is an important native forest species that has been in extinction process. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum levels of phosphorus and sulfur fertilization on the initial growth of grapia. Grapia plants were cultivated in pots containing 3.5kg of a Paleudalf soil, under unclimatized glasshouse conditions. Sixteen fertilization treatments were used in a complete bifactorial scheme (4x4), represented by the combination of four levels of P (0, 60, 120, and 180mg kg-1) and four levels of S (0, 10, 20, and 30mg kg-1). The plant growth in height, stem diameter, and number of leaves was analyzed monthly. After 130 days of cultivation other growth parameters were analyzed, as follow: number of fallen leaves, dry weight of roots, stem, leaves, and of the whole plant, and root/shoot dry weight ratio. The dry weight of the whole plant positively responded to the combination of phosphorus and sulfur fertilization, with the maximum technical efficiency level of 204 and 16mg kg-1 of soil, respectively. The phosphorus fertilization above 120mg kg-1 of soil gave rise a chlorosis in leaves similar to that of Fe deficiency. High availability of P in the soil was accounted for best growth of shoots in detriment of roots.

Uso do ácido giberélico na quebra de dormência e de dominância apical em batata

A field and a laboratory experiment was carried out in 1996 to evaluate the effects of gibberellic acid (GA) to break dormancy and apical dominance of potato seed tubers. A comparison between gibberellic acid spraying application on the haulm and directly on the tubers was established. Four different tuber sizes were used from each one of the Baronesa, Macaca, and Monte Bonito cultivars. The plant treatments were 0, 250, 500. 750 and 1000 g/ha of GA sprayed seven days before haulm destruction. Two GA concentrations were applied (10 and 30ppm) immediately after harvest as tuber treatment. No interactions from GA applications and cultivars, neither from GA applications and tubers sizes were observed. All the haulm treatments resulted in an increasing on the percentage of sprouted tubers and on the number of sprouts per tuber. In addition it reduced the number of days from planting to emergence. A tuber application of 30ppm of GA increased the number of sprouts per tuber by 113.6%, and increased the number of stems per square meter by 37.8%. Moreover the 30ppm application of GA reduced the length of the penod from planting to emergence. When compared with untreated control, 30ppm of GA treatment showed an increase of the total yield (13.8 %) and of the number of tubers per plot (23.2%). The yield of seed tubers was increased by 25.8% and the number of seed tubers by 27.6%. In conclusion, tuber spraying with GA increases the rate of sprouting, the number of stems and the number of produced tubers as well as the yield. Independently on the GA treatment, big seed tubers show a fast emergence of the seedling, a great number of stems and an increased height as compared to small seeds. These improve the number and the yield of tubers. Different sizes of tubers must be planted separately at an appropriate density, in order to gain a suitable stem density, and a uniform plant height, to increase the yield of commercial tubers.

Exigências nutricionais da grápia em Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico: efeito da adubação NPK no teor de nutrientes nos tecidos

Grapia (Apuleia leiocarpa (Vog.) Macbride) is a Brazilian forest species with great interest for timber-trade, and nowadays due to deforestation, it has been considered in extinction process. In the previous paper, it was shown that the NPK fertilization, respectively at 70, 80 and 80mg kg-1 of a Paleudalf soil, significantly increased the growth of young plants of grapia. The present work is aimed at characterizing the effects of the NPK fertilization on macronutrient and micronutrient contents in the tissues of grapia. At glasshouse conditions, 27 fertilization treatments were used in a complete trifactorial scheme (3x3x3), represented by the combination of three levels (0, 40 and 80mg kg-1) of N, of P and of K. As experimental unit, pots with 3.5kg of a Paleudalf soil and two plants were used. At 140 days after plant emergence, plant growth and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in leaves, stem and roots were evaluated. The data suggest that the adequate nutrient contents in leaves of young plants of grapia, envision to obtain 80 to 100% of biomass production, were: N=2,5 a 3,0%; P=0,1 a 0,18%, K=1,6 a 2,1%, Ca=0,60 a 0,75%, Mg=0,2 a 0,3%; Cu=1,5 a 2,5mg kg-1, Zn=50 a 85mg kg-1, Fe=100 a 150mg kg-1 e Mn=250 a 400mg kg-1.

Distúrbios nutricionais induzidos pela adubação de fósforo e ferro em plantas jovens de grápia ( Apuleia leiocarpa ).

Grapia ( Apuleia leiocarpa Vog. Macbride) is an important native forest species that has been in an extinction process. In previous studies with young plants of grapia, visual Fe-deficiency symptoms in new leaves were related with increasing P fertilization. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of the interaction between P and Fe fertilization on nutritional balance and growth of young plants of grapia cultivated in a Paleaudalf soil, under glasshouse conditions. The treatments consisted of a bifactorial scheme (2x3), represented by the combination of two levels of P fertilization (60 and 180 mg kg -1 ) and three levels of Fe (0, 6, and 12xa0 mg kg -1 ); in addition a supplementary fertilization of N, K, Ca and Mg were carried out for all treatments. The plant growth was analysed monthly through plant height, stem diametrer, and number of leaves measurement. After 150 days of seedling emergence, the dry weight of roots, stem, leaves, and the whole plant, length of the root system, specific root length, number of abscissed leaves, root/shoot dry weight ratio, and P, Fe, Cu and Zn contents in plant tissue were analyzed. The ratio of P/Fe, P/Cu, and P/Zn was more suitable to evaluate the nutritional status of young plants than the analysis of the absolute content of those nutrients in the tissues. High P availability in soil caused Fe, Cu and Zn deficiency in plants of grapia. Increasing the availability of Fe, due to Fe fertilization, or by decreasing of soil pH, induced by fertilization of several nutrients, caused decreasing on Cu and Zn content in roots. In the presence of 180 mg of P kg -1 of soil, the addition of 12 mg of Fe kg -1 of soil, as Fe-EDTA, decreased leaf chlorosis and increased the growth of young plants of grapia.

EFEITO DO COBRE SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. E Cassia multijuga Rich.

Soil contamination with copper has become common in the mining and agricultural regions by the use of copper-based-fungicide and application of liquid swine slurry to the soil, causing a reduction in plant productivity. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the effect of copper doses in growth and quality of Barbatimao (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart.) and Cassia (Cassia multijugaRich.) seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial (2 x 4) being the two forest species and four doses of copper: 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg kg-1, with 10 repetitions. It was evaluated plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of shoot and root length and specific root surface area, and the quality indexes of seedlings: relationship between shoot height and diameter of the collar; height and shoot dry weight of shoots and Dickson Quality Index. The results revealed that the copper doses tested does not change the quality of seedlings of Cassia and that Barbatimao maintains the quality of seedlings up to 300 mg kg-1 of copper added to soil. Barbatimao presents greater growth and quality than Cassia seedlings in soil contaminated with copper.

Produtividade de grãos e componentes do rendimento da aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) afetados pela densidade e velocidade de semeadura

A field experiment in randomized blocks with three replications was carried out in Sao Gabriel, Brazil, to evaluate seeding rate (30, 60 e 90kg ha-1 of viable seeds) and velocity (3.2; 5.3; 6.9 e 8.2km h-1) effect on grain yield and yield components of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), under intensive cattle grazing. A minor number of panicles per m2 was observed for seeding rates of 30 and 60kg ha-1, witch was compensated for the major number of cariopsis per panicle, so that higher grain yields were obtained for these seeding rates. Seeding rates did not affect significantly the 1000 cariopsis weight. Number of plants per m2, grain yield and yield components (exception for number of caripsis per panicle) were not influenced by seeding velocity.

POTENCIAL DA ASSOCIAÇÃO Pisolithus microcarpus COM MUDAS DE Corymbia citriodora EM SOLO CONTAMINADO COM ZINCO

The use of microorganisms potential association with plants is a common practice in soil contaminated by heavy metals, considered low-cost and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson and the effect of Pisolithus microcarpus UFSC-Pt116 inoculation in soil contaminated with Zn. The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (2 x 6), with and without inoculum and six doses of Zn (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 mg kg-1 soil), with six replications. Seedlings were inoculated and cultured for 90 days in nursery. After 67 days of transplantation was evaluated the ectomycorrhizal colonization percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, chlorophyll index, root volume, leaf dry weight, stem, root and total, dry mass ratio / root dry mass and height / stem diameter. The ectomycorrhizal colonization percentage in Corymbia citriodora is stimulated by adding up to 1412.21 mg kg-1 Zn. The Corymbia citriodora is tolerant to the addition of up to 1500 mg kg-1 of zinc in soil with 81% clay even without inoculation with Pisolithus microcarpus.The canonical correlation analysis shows that inoculation with P. microcarpus favors total dry mass, root and aerial part of Corymbia citriodora grown in soil with 81% clay contaminated with 600 mg kg-1 Zn.

Effects of copper on growth and quality of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mar. and Cassia multijuga Rich.

Soil contamination with copper has become common in the mining and agricultural regions by the use of copper-based-fungicide and application of liquid swine slurry to the soil, causing a reduction in plant productivity. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the effect of copper doses in growth and quality of Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart.) and Cassia (Cassia multijuga Rich.) seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial (2 x 4) being the two forest species and four doses of copper: 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg kg-1, with 10 repetitions. It was evaluated plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of shoot and root length and specific root surface area, and the quality indexes 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Dr., Professor Adjunto II do Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Linha 7 de Setembro, s/n, Caixa Postal 54, CEP 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen (RS), Brasil. rodrigosilva@smail.ufsm.br 2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Msc., Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Caixa Postal 346, CEP 97001-000, Santa Maria (RS), Brasil. Pesquisador da FEPAGO Florestas. evandro@fepagro.rs.gov.br 3 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Dr., Pós-Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria (RS), Brasil. Bolsista CAPES. bemfica_steffen@yahoo.com.br 4 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Mestrando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia: Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Linha 7 de Setembro, s/n, Caixa Postal 54, CEP 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen (RS), Brasil. sidiww@hotmail.com 5 Acadêmicos do Curso de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Linha 7 de Setembro, s/n, Caixa Postal 54, CEP 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen (RS), Brasil. Bolsista PIBIC/CNPq. cassicarlos@yahoo.com.br / douglasscheid@gmail.com Recebido para publicação em 23/03/2012 e aceito em 8/04/2013