E von der Lippe

Verbreitung des Rauchens in der Erwachsenenbevölkerung in Deutschland

Although various tobacco control measures have been implemented in Germany in the recent years, smoking is still widespread and constitutes a considerable health risk for the population. According to the data of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1), which was conducted by Robert Koch Institute from 2008 to 2011, 29.7% of the 18 to 79-year old population smokes (women = 26.9%, men = 32.6%). The proportion of women and men who smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day amounts to 6.0% and 10.6% respectively. Smoking is mostly widespread among young adults, as well as among persons with low social status who are also overrepresented among the heavy smokers. Comparison with data from previous health surveys indicates that the proportion of smokers has reduced slightly over the last 10 years. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.

Sozioökonomischer Status und Gesundheit

ZusammenfassungAnalysiert wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status (SES) und 5 exemplarisch ausgewählten Gesundheitsoutcomes in der 18- bis 79-jährigen Bevölkerung Deutschlands. Die Datenbasis wird durch die „Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland“ (DEGS1) gebildet, die das Robert Koch-Institut im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2011 durchgeführt hat (n = 8152). Der sozioökonomische Status wird über einen mehrdimensionalen Index erfasst, in den Informationen zum Bildungsniveau, zur beruflichen Stellung und zum Netto-Äquivalenzeinkommen eingehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Personen mit niedrigem sozioökonomischem Status im Vergleich zu denen mit mittlerem und hohem sozioökonomischem Status ihren allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand schlechter einschätzen und häufiger an Diabetes erkrankt sind. Außerdem ist bei ihnen das Risiko für eine depressive Symptomatik, Adipositas und sportliche Inaktivität erhöht. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die Gesundheitschancen und Erkrankungsrisiken nach wie vor sehr ungleich verteilt sind. Sie unterstreichen damit die Bedeutung von politischen Interventionen zur Verringerung der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit.AbstractThe analysis focuses on the connection between socioeconomic status (SES) and five health outcomes in the 18 to 79-year-old population of Germany. It uses data from the “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults” (DEGS1) which the Robert Koch Institute conducted in the period from 2008 to 2011 (n=8152). Socioeconomic status is recorded via a multidimensional index which includes information on education attainment, occupational status and household income. The results show that persons with a low socioeconomic status have a self-rated health status which is worse than that of persons with a medium or high socioeconomic status, and that they have diabetes more frequently. They also have a higher risk of depressive symptoms, obesity and physical inactivity. The results illustrate that health chances and the risk of illness are still very socially uneven distributed, thus emphasising the significance of political interventions to reduce health inequalities. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.

Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Eineltern-, Stief- und Kernfamilien

On the basis of data from KiGGS Wave 1, the following manuscript investigates potential differences in the health status of children and adolescents aged 3-17 years according to the family form they live in: nuclear, single-parent, or stepfamily (n = 10,298). Additionally, we investigate whether differences persist after controlling for age, gender, living area, parental social status, and getting along in the family. Parent-rated health, chronic diseases, emotional or behavior problems, health-related quality of life, and daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were analyzed (prevalence, odds ratios). While the parent-rated health was independent of the family form, the prevalence of the other outcomes differed significantly according to the family form. Emotional or behavior problems were measured more often among children and adolescents growing up in single-parent families (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.17-2.26) or stepfamily households (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.63-3.41) than among those growing up in nuclear families, after adjusting for age, gender, living area, social status, and getting along in the family. Additionally, children and adolescents from single-parent families had chronic diseases (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.20-1.96) more often than their counterparts who lived together with both parents. Compared with those growing up in nuclear families, children and adolescents from stepfamilies showed a greater risk of lower health-related quality of life (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.76-4.80) and of lower daily consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.01-1.67). The results indicate the importance of the family context for the health of children and adolescents.

Einflussfaktoren auf Verbreitung und Dauer des Stillens in Deutschland

Breastfeeding is the natural way of feeding infants in the first months of their lives and has been proven to have health benefits for both infants and mothers. Breastfeeding initiation and duration are affected by social, demographic and health factors. The aim of this study was to describe the current rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration in Germany, and to identify potential factors that underline these rates. Additionally, results are compared with the KiGGS basic (2003-2006; birth cohorts 1996-2002) study in order to reveal the development in the trends of breastfeeding initiation and duration in Germany. The KiGGS wave 1 (2009-2012) includes data on the breastfeeding behavior of mothers of 4410 children aged between 0 and 6 years (birth cohorts 2002-2012). Altogether, 82% (95% confidence interval 79.8-84.2 %) of children were ever breastfed, and the average breastfeeding duration was 7.5 months (7.2-7.8). There was a slight increase in the breastfeeding initiation in Germany over the last several years. Breastfeeding initiation among children aged 0-6 years increased by 4% points compared to 0- to 6-year-olds (birth cohorts 1996-2002) from the KiGGS basic study. The breastfeeding duration stayed unchanged. The breastfeeding behavior was mainly related to the age of the mother at birth, the mothers education level, smoking during pregnancy, and multiple or premature birth. Despite the overall increasing trend in breastfeeding initiation, there is still a growing need for breastfeeding promotion and support for young and less educated mothers, mothers who smoke during pregnancy, and also for mothers with premature babies or multiple births.

Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Eineltern-, Stief- und Kernfamilien@@@Health of children and adolescents in single-parent, step-, and nuclear families: Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie – Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1)@@@Results of the KiGGS study: first follow-up (KiGGS Wave 1)

On the basis of data from KiGGS Wave 1, the following manuscript investigates potential differences in the health status of children and adolescents aged 3-17 years according to the family form they live in: nuclear, single-parent, or stepfamily (n = 10,298). Additionally, we investigate whether differences persist after controlling for age, gender, living area, parental social status, and getting along in the family. Parent-rated health, chronic diseases, emotional or behavior problems, health-related quality of life, and daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were analyzed (prevalence, odds ratios). While the parent-rated health was independent of the family form, the prevalence of the other outcomes differed significantly according to the family form. Emotional or behavior problems were measured more often among children and adolescents growing up in single-parent families (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.17-2.26) or stepfamily households (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.63-3.41) than among those growing up in nuclear families, after adjusting for age, gender, living area, social status, and getting along in the family. Additionally, children and adolescents from single-parent families had chronic diseases (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.20-1.96) more often than their counterparts who lived together with both parents. Compared with those growing up in nuclear families, children and adolescents from stepfamilies showed a greater risk of lower health-related quality of life (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.76-4.80) and of lower daily consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.01-1.67). The results indicate the importance of the family context for the health of children and adolescents.

Einflussfaktoren auf Verbreitung und Dauer des Stillens in Deutschland@@@Factors influencing the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in Germany: Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie – Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1)@@@Results of the KiGGS study: first follow up (KiGGS Wave 1)

Breastfeeding is the natural way of feeding infants in the first months of their lives and has been proven to have health benefits for both infants and mothers. Breastfeeding initiation and duration are affected by social, demographic and health factors. The aim of this study was to describe the current rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration in Germany, and to identify potential factors that underline these rates. Additionally, results are compared with the KiGGS basic (2003-2006; birth cohorts 1996-2002) study in order to reveal the development in the trends of breastfeeding initiation and duration in Germany. The KiGGS wave 1 (2009-2012) includes data on the breastfeeding behavior of mothers of 4410 children aged between 0 and 6 years (birth cohorts 2002-2012). Altogether, 82% (95% confidence interval 79.8-84.2 %) of children were ever breastfed, and the average breastfeeding duration was 7.5 months (7.2-7.8). There was a slight increase in the breastfeeding initiation in Germany over the last several years. Breastfeeding initiation among children aged 0-6 years increased by 4% points compared to 0- to 6-year-olds (birth cohorts 1996-2002) from the KiGGS basic study. The breastfeeding duration stayed unchanged. The breastfeeding behavior was mainly related to the age of the mother at birth, the mothers education level, smoking during pregnancy, and multiple or premature birth. Despite the overall increasing trend in breastfeeding initiation, there is still a growing need for breastfeeding promotion and support for young and less educated mothers, mothers who smoke during pregnancy, and also for mothers with premature babies or multiple births.

Sozioökonomischer Status und Gesundheit@@@Socioeconomic status and health: Ergebnisse der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1)@@@Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)

ZusammenfassungAnalysiert wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status (SES) und 5 exemplarisch ausgewählten Gesundheitsoutcomes in der 18- bis 79-jährigen Bevölkerung Deutschlands. Die Datenbasis wird durch die „Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland“ (DEGS1) gebildet, die das Robert Koch-Institut im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2011 durchgeführt hat (n = 8152). Der sozioökonomische Status wird über einen mehrdimensionalen Index erfasst, in den Informationen zum Bildungsniveau, zur beruflichen Stellung und zum Netto-Äquivalenzeinkommen eingehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Personen mit niedrigem sozioökonomischem Status im Vergleich zu denen mit mittlerem und hohem sozioökonomischem Status ihren allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand schlechter einschätzen und häufiger an Diabetes erkrankt sind. Außerdem ist bei ihnen das Risiko für eine depressive Symptomatik, Adipositas und sportliche Inaktivität erhöht. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die Gesundheitschancen und Erkrankungsrisiken nach wie vor sehr ungleich verteilt sind. Sie unterstreichen damit die Bedeutung von politischen Interventionen zur Verringerung der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit.AbstractThe analysis focuses on the connection between socioeconomic status (SES) and five health outcomes in the 18 to 79-year-old population of Germany. It uses data from the “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults” (DEGS1) which the Robert Koch Institute conducted in the period from 2008 to 2011 (n=8152). Socioeconomic status is recorded via a multidimensional index which includes information on education attainment, occupational status and household income. The results show that persons with a low socioeconomic status have a self-rated health status which is worse than that of persons with a medium or high socioeconomic status, and that they have diabetes more frequently. They also have a higher risk of depressive symptoms, obesity and physical inactivity. The results illustrate that health chances and the risk of illness are still very socially uneven distributed, thus emphasising the significance of political interventions to reduce health inequalities. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.

Verbreitung des Rauchens in der Erwachsenenbevölkerung in Deutschland@@@Prevalence of smoking in the adult population of Germany: Ergebnisse der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1)@@@Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)

Although various tobacco control measures have been implemented in Germany in the recent years, smoking is still widespread and constitutes a considerable health risk for the population. According to the data of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1), which was conducted by Robert Koch Institute from 2008 to 2011, 29.7% of the 18 to 79-year old population smokes (women = 26.9%, men = 32.6%). The proportion of women and men who smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day amounts to 6.0% and 10.6% respectively. Smoking is mostly widespread among young adults, as well as among persons with low social status who are also overrepresented among the heavy smokers. Comparison with data from previous health surveys indicates that the proportion of smokers has reduced slightly over the last 10 years. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.