Ediane Freitas Rocha

Scrotum bipartite in sheep as a parameter indicative of adaptation to semi-arid climates: A thermographic and reproductive study

With the objective of assessing the influence of scrotum bipartition on scrotum-testiclar thermoregulation and semen quality in sheep native to a semiarid region, 14 adult crossbred rams were placed into groups, GI (7 with bipartition in the scrotum) and GII (7 without bipartition). Images were taken of the caudal scrotum surface using a Fluke (Ti25®) thermographic camera, for temperature analysis. Two semen collections were made, at an eight-day interval, by electroejaculation, to analyze macroscopic and microscopic parameters. It was observed that the surface temperatures of the proximal, medial and distal regions of the testicle and the epididymis tail did not present significant statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the groups. The GI showed a great ability to regulate the temperature in the tail region of the epididymis (p = 0.062), location of the bipartition, and the difference in temperature between the body surface and the epididymis tail was 0.54 °C much lower than the G2. Although no significant statistical difference (p > 0.05) was observed, the animals with bipartition presented higher means for body surface temperature, showing greater efficiency in heat dissipation and indicating that these animals used peripheral vasodilation on a larger scale to eliminate excess heat and thus had a lower energy expenditure. The semen parameters studied in both groups were within the desirable values for the species, with no differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Higher scrotum testiclar values were observed (scrotum circumference GI = 30.40 cm ± 0.53 and GII = 28.42 ± 1.13 cm, testicle length, right and left, respectively GI = 8.14 ± 0.90 cm, 8.00 ± 0.00 cm and GII = 7.28 ± 0.04 cm, 7.28 ± 0.48 cm) and bodyweight (GI = 44.57 ± 5.25 Kg and GII = 39.85 ± 1.57 Kg) in rams with scrotum bipartition (p > 0.05). It is concluded that scrotum bipartite in rams was shown to be an evolutionary indicator showing that animals with this characteristic dissipate heat more efficiently, have bigger scrotum-testicle biometrical parameters and heavier body weight. However, as the rams with scrotum bipartite presented division of less than 50% of the scrotum length, this degree did not influence the scrotum surface temperature and semen quality, as has been observed in goats with the same characteristic.

Obtenção de oócitos em cadelas e gatas submetidas a ovariosalpingohisterectomia

The use of modern techniques for application in the field of reproduction grows more and more in veterinary medicine and therefore studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of these techniques. Due to the cortical location of the follicles within the ovary, Slicing is the most adequate technique to obtain canine oocytes, which presents better results in relation to the amount of oocytes collected when compared to other techniques. The aim of this study was to verify the quality of oocytes collected from ovaries of bitches and cats with different ages submitted to the Salpingo Ovary Hysterectomy (OSH) procedure at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The oocytes were classified according to their quality in relation to the morphology of the cumulus oophorus complex. The age and estrus stage in which bitches and cats were at the time of collection did not influence the quality and quantity of oocytes collected.

Ovary and vaginal epithelium dynamics during the estrous cycle in Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831: ultrasound and cytological examinations

The objective of the present study was to monitor and characterize morphological alterations in ovaries of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), reared in captivity, by using abdominal ultrasonography. All animals underwent daily vaginal cytological examination to identify the current cycle phase. For each phase of the estrous cycle, ultrasound examinations were carried out to identify and describe the morphology of both ovaries. Topographic parameters in an ultrasound window were established to locate the ovaries. The agouti estrous cycle lasted an average of 29.94 ± 6.77 days. During vaginal cytology examinations, all cell types were identified, and each phase of the estrous cycle was established by cell counts. No significant alterations were observed in the assessed ovarian morphometry measurements. In 75% of the animals examined, ovarian follicle presence was observed in the proestrus phase.

Anatomic Bases for Brachial Plexus Block of Capuching (Sapajus libidinosus)

Background: In captivity, capuchin monkeys compete for space and rank. Fights can result in traumas, especially to the limbs, requiring interventions that are often outpatient. Local anesthesia as a tool in these procedures, as an aid to chemical restraint, is very relevant for small outpatient surgeries, or even for pain relief. Knowledge of peripheral nerve anatomy is essential to perform local anesthesia. Thus the objective of the present study was to determine, by anatomical studies of the brachial plexus region, the best access pathways for anesthetic blocking of the nerve. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven adult capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) were used, weighing 2-3 kg, fixed and preserved in formaldehyde aqueous solution at 10%. In five of these animals the supraclavicular, infraclavicular and axillar regions were dissected to visualize the muscles, clavicle and bracchial plexus nerves. An analogical pachymeter was used to measure the depth of the plexus in relation to the cranial and caudal clavicle face and axillary fossa, comparing the length of two hypodermic needles (13x4.5 mm and 15x5 mm). Simulation of the anesthetic block was tested in two animals: before dissecting an acrylic varnish solution was injected using a syringe and 13x4.5 mm needle in the supraclavicular, infraclavicular regions and axillary fossa. To assess the positioning points of the syringe, dissection was performed and the varnish perfusion in the plexus was observed. For the anesthetic block in the supraclavicular region the dorsal median of the clavicle with a 95o deltoclavicular angle with the needle perpendicular to the skin was taken as point of reference. In the infraclavicular the reference point was the caudal face of the median clavicle with an 80o deltoclavicular angle. In the axillar region, with the limb at 90o, the syringe was positioned perpendicular to the axillar at the height of the mid portion of the thorax. The mean and standard deviation of the skin-brachial plexus distance for the supraclavicular, infraclavicular and axillar techniques were, respectively, 1.76 ± 0.1387 cm, 1.12 ± 0.239 cm and 1.59 ± 0.365 cm. These data showed the viability of executing the anesthesia technique by three access pathways. However, in the supraclavicular access pathway in the anesthetic simulation with the 13x4.5 mm hypodermic needle, the stain diffused to the plexus, showing, when compared with the 1.76 cm mean skin- plexus distance a safe distance to prevent the needle from perforating the nerve. Discussion: The techniques reported in the human literature for brachial plexus block presented a series of complications, with incomplete blocks and hemorrhages when the axillar access pathway was used and presented risk of pneumothorax in the supraclavicular. In the capuchin monkey the supraclavicular access pathway in anesthetic simulation with 13x4.5mm hypodermic needle showed a safe distance for the needle not to perforate the nerve, so that the use of this needle could be indicated in 2-3 kg animals. However, hypodermic needles are not recommended for use in this area because of the risk of perforating the subclavicular artery close to the plexus. As an alternative some anesthesiologists use the infraclavicular access pathway with atraumatic needles recommended for brachial plexus block, with relative success and fewer complications. Although the supraclavicular region showed the best depth in relation to the technique used here, anesthetic tests should be made to confirm the efficaciousness of executing the brachial plexus anesthetic technique in capuchin monkeys using atraumatic needles for nerve block.

Anatomia macroscópica dos órgãos reprodutores do Puma yagouaroundi (Geoffroy, 1803) macho

The Puma yagouaroundi (cat-Moorish) is a feline that has wide geographic distribution in Brazil, can be found in various biomes. In the literature there has been few studies on their gross anatomy. The objective was the macroscopic description of the male reproductive system in order to obtain information that might be useful to reproductive management of the species. The study was conducted in a male body donated to Veterinary Anatomy Laboratory at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The animal was fixed in 10% formal for further dissection and description of the male reproductive system. the following functional structures of the male genital tract of the cat-Moorish were identified: scrotum, penis, testicles, epididymis, vas deferens and accessory genital glands, identifying only the prostate, not having the bulbourethral and vesicular glands. The scrotum, with its internal components is located in subanal region. The testes showed ovoid shape, positioned perinealmente within the scrotum. The vas deferens comprises a long structure, continuous tail of the epididymis, ending up in

Influência da bipartição escrotal sobre o rendimento da espermatogênese e eficiência das células de Sertoli em ovinos

With the objective to assess the effect of scrotal bipartition on spermatogenesis in sheep, the testes were used from 12 crossbred rams of sheep farms in the municipality of Patos, Paraiba, Brazil, distributed into two groups: GI with six rams with scrotal bipartition, and GII with six rams without scrotal bipartition. The testicular biometry was measured and the testes were collected, fixed in Bouin and fragments were processed to obtain histological slides. The spermatogenesis yield and the Sertoli cell efficiency was estimated by counting the cells of the spermatogenetic line at stage one of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and the Sertoli cells. The results were submitted to analysis of variance with the ASSISTAT v.7.6 program and the mean values were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (SNK) at 5% significance. The testicular biometric parameters did not show statistical difference (p>0.05) between the groups. The meiotic, spermatogenetic and Sertoli cell efficiency were higher in bipartitioned rams (p 0.05) between GI and GII. The results indicated that there is superiority in the spermatogenetic parameters of bi-partitioned rams, suggesting that these sheep present, as reported in goats, indication of better reproductive indices.