José Rômulo Soares dos Santos

Determinação dos parâmetros fisiológicos e gradiente térmico de diferentes grupos genéticos de caprinos no semi-árido

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o comportamento fisiologico de diferentes grupos geneticos de caprinos mediante respostas fisiologicas da temperatura retal, frequencia cardiaca e frequencia respiratoria, e do gradiente entre temperatura retal e temperatura superficial e do gradiente entre temperatura superficial e temperatura ambiente, sob as condicoes do semi-arido. Foram utilizados trinta caprinos inteiros, sendo seis animais de cada grupo genetico: ½ Boer + ½ SRD, ½ Anglo-Nubiana + ½ SRD, ½ Savana + ½ SRD, ½ Kalarari + ½ SRD e ½ Moxoto + ½ SRD, com peso medio de 25,17 kg, distribuidos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo. A alimentacao consistiu numa racao composta de concentrado e volumoso. As variaveis ambientais registradas foram: temperatura maxima e minima; temperatura do bulbo seco e bulbo umido; temperatura do globo negro na sombra; umidade relativa do ar e ITGU. As tomadas dos parâmetros fisiologicos e das variaveis ambientais foram feitas as 9 horas e as 15 horas. No turno da tarde a frequencia respiratoria foi significativamente (P 0,05) de grupo genetico e nem de turno para os parâmetros fisiologicos temperatura retal e frequencia cardiaca. Houve efeito significativo (P<0,05) para o gradiente termico entre temperatura retal e superficial e temperatura superficial e temperatura do ambiente. Houve efeito significativo (P<0,05) para variacao entre turno, para o gradiente termico temperatura retal e superficial e para temperatura superficial e temperatura do ambiente. Os caprinos dos diferentes grupos geneticos apresentaram capacidade para manter a homeotermia.

Temperatura superficial e índice de tolerância ao calor de caprinos de diferentes grupos raciais no semi-árido nordestino

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a temperatura superficial e o indice de tolerância ao calor de caprinos (F1) resultantes de cruzamentos entre as racas Boer, Savana, Kalahari, Anglo Nubiana e Moxoto, com caprinos SRD, da regiao Nordeste. Foram utilizados 30 caprinos inteiros, com idade media de seis meses e peso medio de 25,17kg, sendo seis de cada grupo genetico: ½Boer + ½SRD (BS), ½Anglo-Nubiana + ½SRD (ANS), ½Savana + ½SRD (SS), ½Kalarari + ½SRD (KS) e ½Moxoto + ½SRD (MS), mantidos em regime de confinamento. Os parâmetros estudados foram a temperatura superficial e o indice de tolerância ao calor (ITC). Verificou-se que os grupos raciais apresentaram diferenca significativa para a temperatura superficial, todavia o ITC foi semelhante para todos. Assim a utilizacao desses grupos raciais para incrementar a produtividade caprina no semi-arido pode ser aconselhada.

Respostas fisiológicas e gradientes térmicos de ovinos das raças Santa Inês, morada nova e de seus cruzamentos com a raça Dorper às condições do semi-árido nordestino

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuaria da Paraiba S.A. (EMEPA-PB), no municipio de Soledade, com o objetivo de avaliar os parâmetros fisiologicos (frequencia respiratoria, frequencia cardiaca e temperatura retal) e gradientes termicos (entre temperatura retal e temperatura da superficie e entre temperatura da superficie e temperatura do ar) de ovinos das racas Santa Ines, Morada Nova e seus mesticos F1 com ovinos Dorper, no semi-arido nordestino. Foram utilizados 30 ovinos, de cinco genotipos diferentes, distribuidos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 5 x 2; cinco genotipos (Santa Ines, Morada Nova, ½ Santa Ines + ½ Dorper, ½ Santa Ines + ½ Morada Nova, ½ Morada Nova + ½ Dorper) vs dois turnos (manha e tarde), com 6 repeticoes. Houve interacao entre genotipo e turno. Detectou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) entre genotipos apenas para as variaveis frequencia cardiaca e gradiente entre temperatura superficial e temperatura do meio, no turno da manha. O turno exerceu efeito significativo (P<0,05) sobre todos os parâmetros fisiologicos analisados. Concluiu-se que os ovinos das racas Santa Ines, Morada Nova e seus mesticos com a raca Dorper apresentam alto grau de adaptabilidade, as condicoes Semi-aridas do Brasil.

Respostas fisiológicas de caprinos de diferentes grupos genéticos no semi-árido paraibano

Realizou-se este experimento na Estacao Experimental de Pendencia pertencente a EMEPA-PB, localizada no Municipio de Soledade-PB, com o objetivo de avaliar os parâmetros fisiologicos e hematologicos de caprinos de diferentes grupos geneticos sob as condicoes do semi-arido. Foram utilizados 30 caprinos machos inteiros, com peso medio de 25,17 kg, sendo seis animais de cada grupo genetico: ½ Boer + ½ SRD (BO), ½ Anglo-Nubiana + ½ SRD (AN), ½ Savana + ½ SRD (SA), ½ Kalarari + ½ SRD (KA) e ½ Moxoto + ½ SRD (MO). Verificou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) de grupos geneticos para a frequencia respiratoria e hematocrito. Tendo o BO apresentado frequencia respiratoria superior (P<0,05) ao AN e MO; e hematocrito inferior (P<0,05) ao MO. O turno afetou significativamente (P<0,05) a temperatura retal e a frequencia respiratoria, com medias superiores a tarde. Para as demais variaveis nao houve diferenca significativa entre os grupos geneticos estudados. Permitindo concluir que os animais estudados estao bem adaptados ao clima semi-arido.

Malformações, abortos e mortalidade embrionária em ovinos causada pela ingestão de Mimosa tenuiflora (Leguminosae)

To determine the teratogenicity of Mimosa tenuiflora, 15 sheep, divided into two groups, were introduced into an area invaded by the plant. Group 1 consisted of six pregnant ewes that were introduced into the experimental area 20 days after mating. Group 2 consisted of nine non pregnant sheep and a ram introduced into the area at the start of the experiment. The experiment began in October 2009, during the dry season, when M. tenuiflora was seeding. During this period the M. tenuiflora plants were pruned to 40cm tall and the branches with leaves and seeds were provided to the experimental sheep in the same area. After prunning M. tenuiflora began to sprout even in the dry season, and the sheep were free to graze the plant. They also received concentrate ration in amount equivalent to 1% of their body weight. After the first rains in mid-January 2010, when the herbaceous layer appeared, the pregnant sheep were confined in stalls, and M. tenuiflora was cut in the field and given to the sheep until the end of the experiment. Every 15 days each sheep was examined by ultrasound to control pregnancy. In Group 1, three sheep aborted single fetuses without malformations. One sheep delivered two lambs, one with hyperflexion of the proximal inter-phalangeal joint of the right forelimb and another without malformations. Another sheep delivered a lamb with a hyperflexion of both hindlimbs in the region of the tarsal-metatarsal joint. Only one sheep delivered a normal lamb. In Group 2, one sheep aborted a fetus without malformations and five delivered normal lambs. Three sheep of this group returned to estrus repeatedly and did not get pregnant during the mating period, suggesting embryonic loss. Thirty two ewes and one ram, that stayed in a paddock neighbor to the experimental paddock and were used as control group, delivered normal lambs. It is concluded that M. tenuiflora cause malformations, embryonic mortality and abortion in sheep.

Tissue and chemical composition of commercial cuts of carcasses of Santa Inês lambs finished on native pasture with different supplementation levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feed supplementation on the chemical and tissue composition of leg and loin from carcass of Santa Ines lambs, finished on pasture. Twenty-four castrated 3 to 4 month-old Santa Ines lambs were used, initial live body weight (LW) 15.8 kg, distributed in three concentrate supplementation levels (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5% LW). A randomized complete design was used, with three treatments and eight replications (lambs). The leg and loin were dissected in muscle, bone, fat and to determine tissue composition and the meat was submitted to chemical analyses. The supplementation influenced the yields of loin and leg muscles, bones, fat, dry matter, ash, crude protein and fat. The supplementation improved muscle yield and chemical composition of the loin and leg from Santa Ines lambs finished on native pasture. When the objective is to produce lighter carcasses, the recommended concentrate level is 1.0% LW, and 1.5% LW is recommended to produce heavier carcasses.

Regime alimentar para ganho compensatório de ovinos em confinamento: composição regional e tecidual da carcaça

The effect of diets for compensatory gain on the commercial cut yield and carcasses tissue composition of finished feedlot lambs was determined. A total of 40 Santa Ines lambs, with mean body weight (BW) of 17±1.7kg and 100 days old were used. The lambs were slaughtered; the left half carcass was sectioned into five primary commercial cuts: neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg. The leg was dissected into muscle, bone and fat, and then the muscularity of the leg was determined. Muscle hypertrophy was measured by the mean diameter of muscle fibers. The left half carcass, neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg weight decreased linearly between 0 and 60% of previous food restriction levels, ranging, respectively, from 11497.4 to 8888.5g; from 1453.8 to 1211.4g; from 1955.4 to 1560.9g; from 3420.0 to 2604.6g; from 1669.4 to 1161.6g and from 2998.8 to 2350.0g, as well as loin yield (from 14.5 to 13.1%), leg musculosity index (from 0.42 to 0,39) and muscle fiber diameter (from 46.0 to 43.4µm). Food restriction followed by refeeding promoted decreasing in the weight of cuts and did not affect the yield, and it also decreased the proportion of fat in the carcass, resulting in lighter cuts and leaner meat.

Efeito da suplementação na composição física e centesimal da paleta, do costilhar e do pescoço de cordeiros Santa Inês terminados em pastejo

The effect of supplementation on the physicochemical composition of shoulder, ribs, and neck of Santa Ines lambs finished on pasture was evaluated. A total of 24 castrated sheep, averaging 15.8kg BW were used. The animals were allotted in a completely randomized design with three treatments (daily concentrated supplementation equivalent to 0, 1.0, and 1.5% of BW) and eight repetitions. The shoulder blade, ribs, and neck were dissected into muscle, bone, and fat to determine the physical composition and the meat was underwent to determination of chemical composition. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) of the supplementation of 1.0 and 1.5% on muscle yield, muscle: bone ratio, and dry matter and fat contents of meat. The highest muscle yields were observed in the shoulder and ribs with averages of 439.21 and 678.97g and 377.30 and 693.01g, respectively, for supplementation of 0% and 1.5%.

Efeitos teratogênicos de Prosopis juliflora em ratos e análise da toxicidade das vagens

The objective of this study was to determine the possible teratogenic effects of Prosopis juliflora, check if there is a loss in toxicity between pods stored and newly collected and determine whether there are differences in toxicity between the pods collected in different localities. Thirty pregnant female Wistar rats were randomly separated into five groups: a control (G1) and four experimental (G2, G3, G4 and G5), each with six animals. The animals in groups G2 and G3 were fed diets containing 70% of pods of P. juliflora newly collected in two different municipalities. The groups G4 and G5 were fed beans prepared with the same origins, but stored for a period of 6 months. The control group received the same diet without pods of P. juliflora. In the control group the number of defects per litter (1.16 ± 0.98) was significantly lower than the experimental groups (14.00 ± 2.96, 6.16 ± 2.22, 7.66 ± 2.94 and 4.66 ± 1.63 for G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively) indicating that the plant is teratogenic. No significant differences were observed in the frequency of malformations and number of fetuses born between groups receiving pods from different locations. However, the number of defects in the groups who received the freshly harvested pods was significantly different from the number observed in rats that received the beans after storage, suggesting that the teratogenic effect of the plant decreases during storage. We conclude that the pods of P. juliflora are teratogenic for Wistar rats and that the teratogenicity decreases with storage.

Lissencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in a goat

A case of lissencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia was observed in a 30-day-old goat. The goat presented with sternal recumbence, absence of a menace response, intention tremors, ataxia, and nystagmus. The goat was euthanized and necropsied after having been hospitalised for eleven days. At necropsy, the surface of the brain was found to be smooth, the cerebral sulci and gyri were absent, and the cerebellum was reduced in size. Histologically, the grey matter and white matter were thicker and thinner than normal in cortices, respectively. The neurons were randomly arranged in the grey matter. In the cerebellum, the layers were disorganised, and cells were heterotopics. The histologic and gross lesions observed in this animal are characteristic of lissencephaly associated with cerebellar hypoplasia. The presence of a single goat affected suggests that the malformation was not of infectious origin and because lissencephaly is a malformation not previously described in goats, it is unlikely this case was inherited.