Erdal Zorba

Teacher-coach role conflict in school-based physical education in USA: a literature review and suggestions for the future

Teacher-coach role conflict in school-based physical education in USA: a literature review and suggestions for the future Teaching and coaching are two different occupational roles, and teachers who also coach have stressful work environments common to all educational settings, but each occupational role has specific stress and burnout problems. The responsibilities of physical education (PE) teachers and coaches are distinguishable from one another. These different roles and role conflicts may create stress among PE teachers who also coach. The history of physical education shows that there are contextual factors that promote PE teacher-coach role conflict. The aim of this paper is to analyse these contextual factors via using a literature review analysis and to provide suggestions about teacher-coach role conflict for school-based physical education in USA.

The Effects of Water Exercises and Swimming on Physical Fitness of Children with Mental Retardation

The Effects of Water Exercises and Swimming on Physical Fitness of Children with Mental Retardation The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of water exercises and swimming on physical fitness of children with mental retardation. Nine trainable and 7 educable male children (n = 16) were recruited from a rehabilitation center. The mean ages of the groups were 12.22±0.49 and 14.71±0.52 years, respectively. Training program was applied for 10-week, two times a week for 40 minute each session. Pre- and post-tests measurements were taken for cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, speed, static balance, and agility. Results showed that both groups improved significantly (p<0.05) in all dependent variables. Water exercises and swimming appear to be a viable and effective way to improve physical fitness capacity of the children with mental retardation.

The Examination of Sports, Recreation and Animation Activities of Selected Lodging Types on Service Sales in Turkey

Abstract In this study, 15 1st class holiday villages, 8 five star and 7 four star hotels in Mugla province and the persons who work as executive or animator in these places were examined considering sport recreation‐animation activities and the factors that have probable effect on service sales in these establishments. The survey questionnaire administered to the executives or animators contained 15 items. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between the recreational activities, including sports and the service sales in hotels and holiday villages. The study concludes with appropriate marketing and management implications.

Teaching Plyometric Training to Children

StrategieS 31 the role of physical activity is changing rapidly in schools. it is well known that regular physical activity provides many health benefits for participants. Despite the recent emphasis on physical activity in children, according to the Surgeon general’s report (2002), the increase in child obesity was recognized as a number one threat to the lives of children in the U.S. these recent trends emphasize a need for “New Physical education.” the role and function of physical education curriculum has started to change in many schools. the state of Washington, for instance has blended health education and physical education into “health fitness.” the New Pe emphasizes the integration of health and fitness concepts into school curriculum with individual and lifetime activities as well as cognitive and affective development to promote “physically active and healthy life styles” for all children. Children and adolescents get many cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health benefits from participation in daily physical activities. One of the most frequently asked questions is about the risks of strength and resistance training for children. Contrary to common belief, research shows that youngsters are capable of benefiting significantly from plyometric exercises combined with resistance training (Faigenbaum, 2001; Faigenbaum & Chu, 2001). in addition, Faigenbaum and Chu (2001) stated that participation in a plyometric training program might promote bone strength and weight control as well as decreased risk of sport injuries if properly applied during preseason. Considering the recent arguments by practitioners, researchers, and families on the risks and effectiveness of plyometric training for children, the main purpose of this article is to provide practical teaching guidelines and examples of plyometric exercises for children to promote active and healthy lifestyles as well as the development of athletic achievement.

Sports tourism in Turkey.

In this study, we will try to explain how the sport and tourism concepts perceive and which activities and organizations support those concepts in Turkey. Also what are the positive and negative effects of these activities and organizations on sport tourism in Turkey. The experts define sports tourism as “the use of sports for touristic endeavours”. Expanded, This comprises: Sports events, Sports resorts, Sports cruises, Sports attractions, Sports adventures, Sports tours (Kurtzman, 1993). However, sport tourism is defined as travel to a destination for the primary reason of participating in sport (Standeven & De Knop, 1999). The literature and statistical range figures was used with collected data for Turkey. Because of its location, Turkey was a region through which ancient Asian Turkish culture moved into Europe, and also a window of Western culture opening to meet the east. Turkey is surrounded by theMediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Aegean Sea, which connects the country to the whole world. Because of these long coastal borders and the bridge between Asia and Europe, Turkey has been the centre of major commercial and migration routes (Ministry of Tourism, (2001), “Türkiye”). Turkey is located between Europe and Asia and is roughly a rectangular shape. The largest section is the Anatolian Peninsula at 790,200 km, known as Asia Minor. Thrace (Trakya) is the smaller area, at 24,378 km, and is located at the east of Balkan peninsula, bringing the total area of the country to 814,578 km. With a coastline measuring 8272 km, Turkey is a naval country in a central position to the world’s prominent continents (Ministry of Tourism, (1996), “TURKEY” Travel Guide). Sport in Turkey is being encouraged and supported by the state and sports clubs are given financial aid. The main targets of the sports policy of the state are to increase the number of athletes, to attain superior successes at international sports competitions, to prepare suitable sports environment for encouraging and providing for every individual at every age to engage in sports activities. Large sports facilities and investments in Turkey are realized by the state to a great extent. Also these events, Turkey’s constitution has a sportive law and special Journal of Sport Tourism 9(4), 2004, 325–329

The effects of hemsball on the motor proficiency of students with intellectual disabilities

Objective: The effects of hemsball game skills development program on the motor proficiency level of children in the 12–16 age group with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities (ID) have been examined in this study. Method: A total of 50 (25 experimental group +25 control group) students, 23 of which had mild intellectual disabilities (ID) and 27 with moderate ID studying in special education classes in the schools in Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey participated in the study. While no training was given to the control group, the students in the experimental group were subjected to 60 min of applications involving a basic hemsball training program per day for 3 days per week throughout 12 weeks. Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) sub-tests (balance, bilateral coordination, upper-limb coordination) were applied twice, once before starting the program (pre-test) and once after the program was completed (post-test). The obtained data were tested with paired-samples t-test and independent-samples t-test. Result and Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was noted that the application of the hemsball game skill development program had incurred significant differences between the experimental and control group according to the post-test as well as the pre-test and post-test for the experimental group which were positive. However, it was determined that the application was more effective in students with moderate level ID than students with mild ID.

EXAMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN TERMS OF SOME VARIABLES OF SPORTS SCIENCE FACULTY STUDENTS

The study was conducted in order to examine levels of physical activity in terms of some variables of sports science faculty students. This study covered 50 female and 52 male, 102 student in total with a mean age of 22.21  3.46, attending in faculty of sports science in university of Gazi. To the students who have attended the research study; height, body weight, body mass index, with the pedometer physical activity level measurements and questionnaire form of 10 questions generated by researchers have been applied. Physical activity level has been evaluated with the average of 1 week step numbers. SPSS 23.0 Statistical package was used for analyzing the data. Through the analysis of the data, percentage, frequency, T-test for independent samples, single factorial variance analysis (ANOVA), Tukey (HSD) test, and correlation analysis have been used. According to the findings of the research study; when BMI of students of Faculty of Sports Sciences it can be seen that 86.3% of them have good fitness, 9.8% of them have over weight and 3.9% of them are in obesity level. When physical activity levels are reviewed majority of the students (47.1% ) have sedantery lifestyle, following this on the second row (23.5%) of them are low active individuals and as the least (15.7%) are active and highly active individuals. As a consequence, while Faculty of Sports Sciences students have generally sedantery lifestyle they are at good fitness levels, as long as Daily usage periods of computer increases weekly stepm numbers decrease thus physical activity levels are influenced in a bad way, and as long as ages increase or sleeping periods decrease television watching periods decrease, and as long as computer usage period increase body mass index is influenced badly and the women step numbers are lower compared to men thus physical activity levels are lower The Online Journal of Recreation and Sport – July 2017 Volume 6, Issue 3 www.tojras.com Copyright

Increasing Awareness About Sport in Turkey

Regardless of their ages, races, and gender all people benefit from active participation in sport and recreation activities because all of these activities aim to promote active participation. Sport for all (hereafter SfA) aims for taking this idea a step further. Sport for all activities demands voluntary active participation to sport for all activities of participants. Besides, voluntary work in maintenance of these activities, giving support to the projects and other events are also important as they help to create and promote a unique network of sport enthusiasts. The aim of this paper is to how Turkish Sport for All Federation (hereafter TSFAF) works to disseminate sport and active life style to the whole country through various organizations along with introducing some activities and their effectiveness in terms of raising awareness.

Effects of Badminton Training on Physical Parameters of Players

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze 8 weeks of a basic technical badminton training program on some fitness parameters of beginner level badminton players. After two months of training it was determined that the vertical jump increased for the experimental group (t = -5.467). It was determined that the standing broad jump performance showed a significant improvement in performance for the experimental group (t = -5.045). Interestingly, the control group’s vertical jump (t = -2.091) and standing broad jumping jump (t = -2.214) values were found to increase significantly after 8 weeks. The total balance scores in the experimental group significantly decreased on a firm surface (t = 6.048), foam surface (t = 6.7621), (t = 8.505) after the training. The total BESS (t = -1.437) scores statistically did not show any significant difference after the training. The result of this study could be of help to coaches and athletes to improve performance through selection and adjusting to a suitable training program.