Erica Piros Kovacs

Teorias de internacionalização e aplicação em países emergentes: uma análise crítica

Seven internationalisation theories are presented and discussed in this paper: Life Cycle Model, Uppsala Internationalisation Process, Related Innovative Process, Adaptative Choice Model, Internalization / Eclectic Paradigm, Resource Based View and Diamond Model. The aim is to critically analyze those theories, proposing the union of some key-concepts and the addition of the actual context of the emerging markets in order to construct a better understanding of the internationalisation process in these countries. Since all models were constructed in developed countries, it is necessary reflect about these models and not simply reply them - searching for convergences and not looking at the possible divergences. It is necessary the awareness of the different contexts and internationalization timing, since most developing countries had a late entry in the international market due to the inward-oriented politics and the established protectionism.

Processo de formação de estratégias internacionais na fruticultura brasileira: uma abordagem integrada

This article aims to analyze the characteristics of the process of formation of international strategies of Fruitfort Group in the period from 1982 to 2006, in the light of the theories of Uppsala, the Diamond Model and Resource-Based View associated with the strategic shift. The research is characterized as a qualitative exploratory case study. The data collection took place through the implementation of semi-structured interviews, documentary research and non-participant observation. The work describes the international strategies adopted by the company and looks up its convergence with the theoretical models, in a longitudinal approach. A concomitant association between models of internationalization is appointed, given the fact that no individual was able to explain how the process of formation of international strategies occurred in the company, varying only the degree of convergence of its main concepts. The most relevant dimensions of Uppsala were learning, the networks and gradualism. There are three elements of Diamond Model: factor conditions, related industries and rivalry between the companies which were all decisive for the company. The entrepreneurial leadership and organizational culture appeared as the competitive resources with greater expression.

Internationalization Processes of Brazilian Companies: A Framework Proposition

The dominant internationalization theories, originating in industrially developed countries, can have limited applicability to developing countries due, in particular, to the failure to acknowledge the context of their activities (Kuada and Sorensen, 2000; Ramamurti, 2009); also because they present generalizations with low levels of abstraction (Ramamurti, 2009). Rugman (2009) compared multinationals from developing countries with those from the West in the 1960s, stating that there is no need to create new theories to explain the internationalization of the former. About ten years ago, some authors asserted that the existing literature on the internationalization of companies from developing countries was scarce compared with that of developed ones (Condo, 2000) and found it still to be in an embryonic stage (Kuada and Sorensen, 2000). Ramamurti (2004) holds that the literature on the internationalization of companies from less developed countries is undergoing a structuring process.

Motivações do público homossexual na escolha dos destinos turísticos

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as principais motivacoes do publico GLTB (gays, lesbians, transgenders e bisexuals) na escolha dos destinos turisticos. Por ter carater quantitativo, precisou valer-se de questionarios autoadministrados, enviados por e-mail ou respondidos pessoalmente em locais frequentados pelo publico GLTB. Os respondentes foram divididos em dois grupos: GLTB e HETERO. Observou-se que os do grupo GLTB possuem maior escolaridade e renda do que os do grupo HETERO, o que implicou uma maior quantidade de viagens realizadas nos ultimos 12 meses e influenciou na escolha dos ultimos destinos. Tendo como base o modelo de tipologia das motivacoes do turismo de Swarbrooke e Horner (2002), por meio de analise fatorial, chegou-se a um modelo que indica cinco tipologias para o turismo GLTB: fatores culturais e de status; prazer; diversao e lazer; desenvolvimento pessoal; e lazer familiar e relaxamento.

Do agreste de Pernambuco para o mundo: o caso pinga nordestina

This paper concerns the internationalisation process of Pinga Nordestina. This company joined the PSI - Projeto Setorial Integrado da Cachaca de Pernambuco (Pernambuco State Cachaca Integrated Sector Project), supported by APEX and started to export in 2005. The findings corroborate with the importance of establishing networks, the psych distance and the incremental and cumulative learning process advocated by the Uppsala Model theorists. The participation of the executive in international fairs and missions was a stimulating factor in this process, leading to a reflexive learning that caused major changes in the manufactured products for both markets, internal and abroad. It was also observed that the government was a catalyst agent, contributing directly to this internationalisation process. However, the perception of the psych distance of the destination country of the first export was reduced due to the nationality of the buying executive.